1030 lines
136 KiB
Text
1030 lines
136 KiB
Text
1 Got a musical ear, try out the tone of these questions
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music term: (e) (ger.) - half. halbsopran, mezzo-soprano. halbtenor, baritone.*halb
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music term: (eng. and fr.), romanze (ger.), romanza (it.) - the term has been used widely, but it often implies an intimate and iyrical piece for voice or instrument.*romance
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music term: (eng.) or pavane (fr.) - a slow, stately dance usually in duple time dating from the 16th century. it was normally followed by the quicker galliard after about 1550, often employing the same theme.*pavan
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music term: (eng.), minuetto (it.) - a moderately fast french dance of rustic origin in 3 / 4 time but rising to court and becoming fashionable in the 18th century. the minuet is the standard third movement in the classical sonata, symphony, string quartet, etc., developing later into the scherzo with beethoven. form is a a b a.*minuet
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music term: (eng.), rigaudon (fr.) - a lively old french dance in 2 / 4 or 4 / 4 time.*rigadoon
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music term: (fr ) - step. a pas d 'action is a ballet scene of dramatic nature and a pas de deux is a dance for two.*pas
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music term: (fr. ) - meditative, collected.*recueilli
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music term: (fr. and ger.) - same as mass.*messe
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music term: (fr. and ger.) - style galant. courtly. this term, adopted by german writers, refers to a mid-18th century style characterised by a homophonic, formal elegance as opposed to the german contrapuntal traditional style. this was practised by c.p.e. bach and influenced mozart.*galant
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music term: (fr. and it.) - fasy, fluent.*facile
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music term: (fr.) - (1) a term sometimes used in english for leitmotif. (2) sarne as motiv or motive.*motif
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music term: (fr.) - (1) brilliant, bright; (2) blaring. cossaise (fr.) - short for danse ecossaise. although meaning scottish dance, the term is apparently not of scottish origin. a quick dance in 2 / 4 time, it was popular in britain and on the continent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. cultivated by beethoven.*clatant
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music term: (fr.) - (1) repeat; (2) the recapitulation in sonata form; (3) the return to the first section after contrasting music in the second section in binary form.*reprise
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music term: (fr.) - (i) interval during a play or opera. (2) music to be played between the acts of a play or opera.*entr'acte
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music term: (fr.) - a dance of provence in 6 / 8 time accompanied by pipe and tabor.*farandole
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music term: (fr.) - a light, often satirical opera or operetta (e.g. by offenbach).*opera bouffe
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music term: (fr.) - a lively dance in triple time popular in the baroque period and found in the suite.*courante
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music term: (fr.) - a piece composed deliberately in the style of another well- known composer. see also pasticcio above.*pastiche
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music term: (fr.) - a popular dance form in the 13th and 14th centuries consisting of several sections (puncta) each of which has a first ending (ouvert) and a second ending (clos).*estampie
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music term: (fr.) - a type of french medieval song of the 13th to15th centuries with a choral refrain. this french spelling was used in instrumental works of the baroque period to describe rondo.*rondeau
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music term: (fr.) - a type of trouvere song similar to the sequence with sections of irregular length and melodic repetition.*lai
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music term: (fr.) - a wordless composition for performance (e.g. in an opera or as an exercise for solo voice).*vocalise
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music term: (fr.) - again. refers to an extra selection performed by musicians after a program in response to audience applause. french term is bis.*encore
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music term: (fr.) - beat.*temps
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music term: (fr.) - chiefly a 17th century french music term for (i) an introductory piece for the entry of characters in ballet or opera; (2) an independent instrumental piece of similar nature; (3) the equivalent of a scene or act in ballet or opera.*entree
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music term: (fr.) - damped sound. mostly found in harp music indicating that the performer should dampen vibrations immediately after plucking, to produce a 'dry' sound.*sons etouffes
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music term: (fr.) - empty. cordc a vide, open string.*vide
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music term: (fr.) - falsetto.*fausset
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music term: (fr.) - fast.*vite
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music term: (fr.) - held back.*retenu
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music term: (fr.) - i) melody. (2) song.*melodie
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music term: (fr.) - in various contexts this term may mean either note, tone or key.*ton
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music term: (fr.) - increase speed.*pressez
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music term: (fr.) - light.*leger
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music term: (fr.) - link together (e.g. go straight on to the next section or movement without a break).*encha nez
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music term: (fr.) - little .*petit
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music term: (fr.) - lively.*vif
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music term: (fr.) - march.*marche
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music term: (fr.) - music designed to improve a specific branch of technique by practice. chopin and clementi, however, wrote many of artistic merit.*study
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music term: (fr.) - operetta.*operette
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music term: (fr.) - point of the bow.*pointe d'archet
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music term: (fr.) - same as intermezzo.*intermede
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music term: (fr.) - same as sul tasto.*sur la touche
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music term: (fr.) - stopped notes on the horn.*sons bouches
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music term: (fr.) - sustained and flowing.*soutenu
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music term: (fr.) - the coach, usually in an opera house, who teaches singers their parts. the repetiteur may also give them cues during the performance.*repetiteur
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music term: (fr.) - the correct position of lips to the mouthpiece of an instrument to produce accurate intonation and good tone.*embouchure
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music term: (fr.) - the end of the bow (held by the player).*talcon
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music term: (fr.) - the surprising sound of a major third at the end of a piece otherwise in a minor key thus converting the expected minor chord to a major one. this was a common device up to the mid-18th century .*picardy third
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music term: (fr.) - this term describes comic opera but has two special meanings: (1) a type of french comic opera with spoken dialogue, lighter than current serious operas in the 18th century; (2) an opera, comic or otherwise, with spoken dialogue (e.g. bizet's carmen in the l9th century).*opera comique
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music term: (fr.) - trill.*tremblement
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music term: (fr.) - up bow as opposed to tire, down bow.*pousse
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music term: (fr.) - waltz.*valse
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music term: (fr.) or conservatory - a school for musical training.*conservatoire
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music term: (fr.) rehearsal. repetition general is the dress rehearsal, often given before a full, but invited audience, in continental opera houses.*repetition
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music term: (fr.), galanter stil (ger.) - the musical equivalent of the rococo style in painting. the term described the homophonic but ornamented french and italian music between 1730 and 1770 written by couperin and d. scarlatti. it contrasted with the german contrapuntal style.*style galant
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music term: (fr.), humoreske (ger.) - an instrumental composition of a capricious nature. schumann wrote in this style.*humoresque
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music term: (fr.), lclangfarbe (ger.) - this is the characteristic quality of an instrument's or voice's tone. in basic terms it is the quality which distinguishes a note performed on one instrument compared with the same note sounded on an other instrument or sung by a voice the tone colour of an instrument corresponds with the harmonics of that instrument.*tone-colour
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music term: (fr.), menuett (ger.) - same as minuet.*menuet
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music term: (fr.), sonoro (it.) - with full tone.*sonore
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music term: (fr., 'a following') - commonly describes an instrumental piece in several movements consisting of a sequence of dances. in the 17th and 18th centuries, the suite included the characteristic dance forms allemande, courante, sarabande and gigue. in the mid-18th century, the binary form feature of the dances was developed into sonata form. the sonata and also the symphony then became the chief instrumental forms. in the l9th and 20th centuries the term describes a lighter work t*suite
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music term: (fr., 'amusement') - (i) entertainment in ballet form, sometimes with songs, found in operas or plays for contrast (e.g. the operas of lully. (2) same as divertimento. (3) instrumental piece or fantasia employing popular tunes.*divertissement
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music term: (fr., 'concrete music') - music in which natural sounds (instrumental, vocal or other) were recorded on tape and then distorted, combined, etc. this term was coined by peter schaeffer in 1948 but it has largely been superseded by electronic music.*musique concrete
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music term: (fr., 'cunning') - in opera or operetta, this often describes a soprano singing the role of a shrewd, rather pert servant girl.*soubrette
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music term: (fr., 'damp') - indication to harp or cymbal players, etc. that sound must be immediately cut short.*etouffez
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music term: (fr., 'dry') - an indication that a note or chord is to be played sharply.*sec
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music term: (fr., 'enjoyment') - this title is sometimes found in spirited movements in suites of the baroque period.*rejouissance
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music term: (fr., 'fixed idea') - berlioz' term for motto theme which means a recurring theme in a composition used (e.g. in his symphonie fantastique).*idee fixe
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music term: (fr., 'follow') - (1) go staight on to the next section or movement without a break; (2) an indication to an accompanist to follow any changes in tempo made by the soloist.*suivez
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music term: (fr., 'study') - an instrumental piece to improve or demonstrate certain technical points. however, many etudes (such as those by chopin) have great artistic merit.*etude
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music term: (fr., 'together') - (l) a small group of performers (e.g. a vocal or instrumental ensemble; (2) in opera, an ensemble is an selection for several soloists with or without chorus.*ensemble
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music term: (from italian toccare, 'to touch') - generally a solo instrumental piece involving rapid changes of notes to demonstrate the player's touch. often the toccata is followed by a fugue (e.g. toccata and fugue in d minor).*toccata
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music term: (from lat. cantus planus) - medieval church music usually describing the gregorian chant which still survives today in the roman catholic church. it consists of a single, unaccompanied vocal line in free rhythm like speech with no regular bar lengths.*plainchant
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music term: (gael.) - same as mouth music.*port a beul
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music term: (ger. ) - cheerful, jolly.*lustig
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music term: (ger. ) - speechsong. voice delivery midway between song and speech, used mostly by schonberg although he preferred the terms sprechstimme (speaking voice), sprechmelodic (speech melody) or rezitation.*sprechgesang
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music term: (ger. plural, 'scottish') - a popular l9th century ballroom dance similar to the polka.*schottische
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music term: (ger.) - a bow stroke.*strich
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music term: (ger.) - a composition, piece.*stuck
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music term: (ger.) - a light tenor voice in opera.*spieltenor
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music term: (ger.) - a prelude.*vorspiel
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music term: (ger.) - a setting. (1) a musical setting; (2) a movement in a composition; (3) style (e.g. freier satz, free style; (4) a theme or subject.*satz
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music term: (ger.) - a short piece similar to capriccio or intermezzo.*fantasiestuck
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music term: (ger.) - alliteration. this term describes the alliterative verse used by wagner in his music dramas.*stabreim
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music term: (ger.) - an appoggiatura.*vorschlag
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music term: (ger.) - an interlude or episode (e.g. in a fugue or rondo).*zwischenspiel
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music term: (ger.) - an opera term for a 'sitting rehearsal' when all performers sing through the roles while sitting down, with the accompaniments played by the orchestra.*sitz-probe
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music term: (ger.) - at a moderate speed.*gehend
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music term: (ger.) - beat.*schlag
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music term: (ger.) - chamber. kammerrnusik, chamber music.*kammer
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music term: (ger.) - cheerful.*heiter
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music term: (ger.) - clef.*schlussel
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music term: (ger.) - cradle song.*wiegenlied
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music term: (ger.) - dance.*tanz
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music term: (ger.) - detached. same as staccato.*gestossen
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music term: (ger.) - drinking song.*trinklied
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music term: (ger.) - dying away, fading.*schwindend
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music term: (ger.) - easy going, cosy, comfortable.*gemutlich
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music term: (ger.) - end.*schluss
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music term: (ger.) - exercise.*ubung
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music term: (ger.) - fantasy.*phantasie
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music term: (ger.) - fast. schneller, quicker.*schnell
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music term: (ger.) - flowing.*fliessend
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music term: (ger.) - fugue.*fuge
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music term: (ger.) - heavy, weighty.*wuchtig
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music term: (ger.) - held back, tempo sustained.*gemessen
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music term: (ger.) - hindemith's term for works (mainly in the 1920s) intended to be closer to the public and directed to a social or educational purpose, utilising idioms in everyday use. gebrauchmusik was represented in many forms, including music written to be played by anyone.*utility music
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music term: (ger.) - holding back, slowing down.*zuruckhaltend
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music term: (ger.) - indication to pianists to use the soft (left) pedal.*verschiebung
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music term: (ger.) - intimate, heartfelt.*innig
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music term: (ger.) - inversion, reversal.*umkehrung
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music term: (ger.) - leading motif. this is a recurring theme symbolising a character, emotion or object and was first used by h. von wolzogen in a discussion of wagner's the ring.*leitmotif
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music term: (ger.) - lightly.*leicht
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music term: (ger.) - little.*klein
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music term: (ger.) - lively.*lebhaft
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music term: (ger.) - loud, strong.*stark
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music term: (ger.) - markedly .*gut
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music term: (ger.) - muted.*gedampft
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music term: (ger.) - note or sound (not the interval of a tone, i.e. two semitones).*ton
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music term: (ger.) - optional dances (e.g. polonaise or minuet) in the 18th century suite, normally placed between the sarabande and gigue.*galantieren
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music term: (ger.) - ornament in german music in the 17th and 18th centuries.*nachschlag
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music term: (ger.) - over, above.*uber
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music term: (ger.) - quick.*rasch
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music term: (ger.) - rather slow.*ziemlich langsam
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music term: (ger.) - rather.*ziemlich
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music term: (ger.) - rattle.*ratsche
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music term: (ger.) - recitative.*rezitativ
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music term: (ger.) - restless.*unruhig
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music term: (ger.) - sacred.*geistlich
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music term: (ger.) - sad.*traurig
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music term: (ger.) - same as utility music.*gebrauchmusik
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music term: (ger.) - serenade or 'night music'. a title used in mozart's eine klcine nachtmusik.*nachtmusik
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music term: (ger.) - simply.*einfach
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music term: (ger.) - slow and sustained. same as sostenuto.*getragen
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music term: (ger.) - smooth. same as legato.*geschleift
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music term: (ger.) - soft, gentle. leiser, softer.*leise
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music term: (ger.) - songful.*gesangvoll
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music term: (ger.) - stepwise, at a walking pace and equivalent of andante.*schrittmassig
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music term: (ger.) - sustained. cutgehalten, well sustained.*gehalten
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music term: (ger.) - swing. schwungvol, spirited.*schwung
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music term: (ger.) - symphony.*sinfonie
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music term: (ger.) - tempo.*zeitmass
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music term: (ger.) - tender.*zart
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music term: (ger.) - tenderly.*zartlich
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music term: (ger.) - tenderness.*zarthcit
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music term: (ger.) - time.*mal
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music term: (ger.) - to drag. schleppend, dragging.*schleppen
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music term: (ger.) - to hurry. nicht cilen, do not hurry.*eilen
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music term: (ger.) - to, after.*nach
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music term: (ger.) - under, lower.*unter
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music term: (ger.) - very.*sehr
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music term: (ger.) - waltz.*waltzer
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music term: (ger.) - weak, soft.*schwach
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music term: (ger.) - with.*mit
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music term: (ger.) - without.*ohne
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music term: (ger.), motive (eng.) - (1) a short but recognisable melodic or rhythmic figure. (2) in analysis, this term describes the smallest subdivision of (e.g. a theme). moto (it.) - movement. con moto means 'with movement'.*motiv
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music term: (ger., 'after dance') - a quick dance used to follow a slow one.*nachtanz
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music term: (ger., 'blaring' ) - an indication to horn players to use a harsh brassy tone.*schmetternd
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music term: (ger., 'play with singing') - generally the singspiel is a comic opera with spoken dialogue in the local dialect instead of recitative. an example is mozart's the magic flute (1791). in the early l9th century the style combined with german romantic opera and later came to be known simply as 'german musical comedy'.*singspiel
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music term: (ger., 'storm and stress') - the powerful romantic expressiveness sweeping austrian and german music in the 1760s and 1770s was so called. especially evident in haydn's symphonies of that time.*sturm und drang
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music term: (ger., 'table music') - music suitable for social gatherings (e.g. for performance after or during a dinner).*tafelmusik
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music term: (ger., plural lieder) - song. this term is particularly applied to the german romantic songs of schubert, schumann and brahms. a characteristic is the importance paid to the piano part and the mood of the words.*lied
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music term: (gk ., ' breath ' ) - a type of florid passage in plainsong sung to a single vowel.*pneuma
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music term: (gk ., 'equal-rhythmed') - a device used in motets around 1300- 1450 in which the rhythmic pattern is repeated according to a strict scheme. this usually occurs in the tenor line in which the rhythm is repeated several times in diminishing note values.*isorhythmic
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music term: (gk., ' song'; plural melismata) - describes a group of notes sung to the same syllable. however, the term is also applied to any florid vocal passage of improvisatory or cadenza-like nature.*melisma
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music term: (gk., 'new') - a prefix indicating a new interest in older styles (e.g. neo- romantic refers to composers in the 20th century writing in the romantic style).*neo
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music term: (gk., 'same-sounding') - music in which parts move together presenting a top melody with accompanying chords. the opposite of polyphony.*homophony
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music term: (gk., 'single song') - a term used to describe a solo song with accompaniment (or continuo) in contrast to the polyphonic style in which all parts are of equal importance.*monody
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music term: (gk., 'single sound') - this term describes music with a single melody line without support of accompaniment.*monophony
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music term: (hung.) - hungarian dance in contrasting sections (slow and fast).*csardas
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music term: (ir. caoine) - an irish funeral song accompanied by wailing.*keen
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music term: (it ) - end. this term sometimes occurs in the middle of music, often where there is an instruction to repeat an opening section. the directionfine indicates the end of a piece.*fine
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music term: (it . 'wood ') - (1) direction in some scores to use the woodblock; (2) direction to string players to hit the string with the back of the bow.*leyno
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music term: (it. 'a little return') - many meanings, but the following are the most common. (i) in a concerto, it is a passage for the full orchestra without the soloist; (2) in the 14th century italian madrigal, the ritornello is the closing section; (3) in early opera, it was an instrumental piece.*ritornello
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music term: (it. 'mano sinistra') - left hand. instruction to play with left hand in piano playing.*ms
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music term: (it. ) - abbreviation for viola da gamba.*gamba
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music term: (it. ) - morning song.*mattinata
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music term: (it. ) - very slightly. superlative of poco.*pochissimo
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music term: (it.) - generally this term means 'all the players' (e.g. in a concerto). the expression is used when the orchestra is playing without the soloist. in choral works tutti means chorus as opposed to soloists, or full chorus as opposed to semi-chorus.*tutti
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music term: (it.) - (1) but; (2) abbreviation of the major scale.*ma
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music term: (it.) - (1) in strict time. (2) at a reasonable speed.*giusto
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music term: (it.) - (1) soft, abbreviation p; (2) standard abbreviation in french and english for pianoforte.*piano
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music term: (it.) - (i) an instrumental movement with long bass notes giving a drone-like effect in 6 / 8 or 12 / 8 time; (2) obsolete term for a stage entertainment based on a legendary or rustic subject.*pastorale
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music term: (it.) - (i) the rapid reiteration of a single note. (2) the rapid alteration between two or more notes.*tremolo
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music term: (it.) - a bass line or pattern repeated over and over while upper parts proceed. the ground bass is a foundation for varied melodic, contrapuntal or harmonic treatment. forms which use this device include the chaconne and passacaglia.*ground bass
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music term: (it.) - a bowing indication for string players to play near the bridge to achieve a brittle tone.*sul ponticello
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music term: (it.) - a bowing indication to string players to play near or above the fingerboard, producing a 'colourless' tone.*sul tasto
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music term: (it.) - a comic opera especially in the 18th century (e.g. by pergolesi).*opera buffa
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music term: (it.) - a held or sustained note (of a single note or chord) where one might expect to play staccato. abbreviation is ten.*tenuto
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music term: (it.) - a little duet.*duettino
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music term: (it.) - a measure. senza misura, not in strict time.*misura
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music term: (it.) - a popular and light italian strophic song for several voices, with the melody on top, flourishing around 1500. particularly heard in aristocratic circles.*frottola
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music term: (it.) - a quick italian dance in 6 / 8 time similar to the tarantella with a characteristic jumping feel to the rhythm. examples date from the 14th century.*saltarello
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music term: (it.) - a rest (not a pause).*pausa
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music term: (it.) - a short scherzo.*scherzetto
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music term: (it.) - a shorter, lighter symphony. also sometimes used as a performing name for small orchestras.*sinfonietta
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music term: (it.) - a suite. this term was much used in the 18th century. in the 17th century, however, a partita was a variation.*partita
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music term: (it.) - a very fast italian dance with alternating major and minor key sections in 6 / 8 time.*tarantella
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music term: (it.) - alluringly.*lusingando
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music term: (it.) - always. sempre piu mosso, always getting faster.*sempre
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music term: (it.) - animated .*risvegliato
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music term: (it.) - animated, moving.*mosso
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music term: (it.) - as far as the sign.*fino al segno
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music term: (it.) - as if, almost.*quasi
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music term: (it.) - at a moderate pace. this term is used in other tempos (e.g. allegro moderato, implying a moderately fast pace).*moderato
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music term: (it.) - at pleasure (e.g. not at any strict speed).*piacere a
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music term: (it.) - at the same tempo.*istesso tempo
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music term: (it.) - becoming gradually softer.*decrescendo
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music term: (it.) - becoming slower.*slentando
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music term: (it.) - becoming slower. abbreviation is rit.*ritardando
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music term: (it.) - broad and deliberate in style.*largamente
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music term: (it.) - by, through, for (e.g. per archi, for strings).*per
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music term: (it.) - calm.*tranquillo
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music term: (it.) - carrying sound. on bowed string instruments or in singing, the effect is obtained by gliding from one note to another higher or lower one, without a break in the sound.*portamento
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music term: (it.) - change. direction to the timpani player to change tuning or to the wind player to change instrument.*muta
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music term: (it.) - clearly articulated. this term is used in string playing for a light, staccato touch created by playing with the middle of the bow and a loose wrist.*splccato
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music term: (it.) - distant.*lontano
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music term: (it.) - doubling. usually indicates doubling of the bass at an octave below.*raddoppiamento
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music term: (it.) - dragging.*strascinando
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music term: (it.) - drawn together, close; (1) indication to quicken pace. (2) in a fugue, the term describes the overlapping of the entries when the subject begins in one voice before the preceding entry has finished.*stretto
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music term: (it.) - dying away (of force and sometimes, speed).*morendo
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music term: (it.) - dying away.*smorzando
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music term: (it.) - english.*inglese
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music term: (it.) - fast and light.*volante
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music term: (it.) - fast. in mozart's music this means as fast as possible.*presto
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||
music term: (it.) - final. in english there are two main meanings: (1) the last movement of a work in several movements; (2) the lengthy concluding section of an opera, often subdivided into smaller sections with contrasting tempos or keys. involves several singers and often a chorus.*finale
|
||
music term: (it.) - fire.*fuoco
|
||
music term: (it.) - first time.*prima volta
|
||
music term: (it.) - first.*prima
|
||
music term: (it.) - first. (1) upper part of a piano duet, the lower part being termed sccondo; (2) the first of two or more performers (e.g. violino primo means first violin). (3) tempo primo indicates that the original speed is to be resumed.*primo
|
||
music term: (it.) - force.*forza
|
||
music term: (it.) - freedom, licence. con akune licenze, with some freedom in style.*licenza
|
||
music term: (it.) - funeral. march funebre, funeral march.*funebre
|
||
music term: (it.) - gay.*gaio
|
||
music term: (it.) - generally, an instrumental composition in which one section recurs at certain times. by the 18th century, a standard pattern had developed as a b a c a d a, etc. appearing as the last movement of a sonata or concerto. the recurring theme a is called the rondo theme and b c d, etc. represent the contrasting sections known as episodes. however, a can be varied. the combination of sonata form and rondo resulted in sonata rondo which was much used by mozart and beethoven.*rondo
|
||
music term: (it.) - gentle, delicate.*morbido
|
||
music term: (it.) - getting gradually louder.*crescendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - getting slower.*rallentando
|
||
music term: (it.) - graceful .*garbato
|
||
music term: (it.) - grandeur.*grandezza
|
||
music term: (it.) - half.*meta
|
||
music term: (it.) - haydn and mozart's preferred title to concerto for an orchestral work with more than one solo parts.*sinfonia concertante
|
||
music term: (it.) - heavy, ponderous.*pesante
|
||
music term: (it.) - held back (tempo). sometimes used as an equivalent of ritardando.*ritenuto
|
||
music term: (it.) - humour. con umore, with humour.*umore
|
||
music term: (it.) - impetuously.*precipitato
|
||
music term: (it.) - in a pompous manner.*pomposo
|
||
music term: (it.) - in a resolute manner.*risoluto
|
||
music term: (it.) - in an imposing manner.*grandioso
|
||
music term: (it.) - in the old concerto grosso, the ripieno indicates the full body of performers as opposed to the solo group (concertino). scnza ripieni indicates that the first desks only of the accompanying orchestra are to play.*ripieno
|
||
music term: (it.) - in the style of gypsy music.*zingarese
|
||
music term: (it.) - in the style or manner of.*in modo di
|
||
music term: (it.) - in the turkish style.*turca
|
||
music term: (it.) - incisive.*inciso
|
||
music term: (it.) - indication to pianist to release the left-hand pedal.*tutte le corde
|
||
music term: (it.) - indication to pianists that the left (soft) pedal is to be released.*tre corde
|
||
music term: (it.) - indication to pianists to use the left (soft) pedal to reduce the volume.*una corda
|
||
music term: (it.) - indication to pluck notes on a bowed string instrument. abbreviation pizz.*pizzicato
|
||
music term: (it.) - labouring, holding back on each note.*stentando
|
||
music term: (it.) - left hand.*sinistra
|
||
music term: (it.) - less.*meno
|
||
music term: (it.) - light, lightly.*leggiero
|
||
music term: (it.) - lively .*vivace
|
||
music term: (it.) - lively.*vivo
|
||
music term: (it.) - long.*lungo
|
||
music term: (it.) - loud. abbreviated f.*forte
|
||
music term: (it.) - majestic, dignified.*maestoso
|
||
music term: (it.) - major.*maggiore
|
||
music term: (it.) - manner. in modo di, in the manner of.*modo
|
||
music term: (it.) - march. alla marcia, in a march-like style.*marcia
|
||
music term: (it.) - marked, emphatic.*marcato
|
||
music term: (it.) - martial.*marziale
|
||
music term: (it.) - melancholy.*malinconia
|
||
music term: (it.) - merry, playful.*giocoso
|
||
music term: (it.) - mournful .*flebile
|
||
music term: (it.) - mournful, sad.*lacrimoso
|
||
music term: (it.) - much, very.*molto
|
||
music term: (it.) - mute. (1) of a string or wind instrument, con sordino or con sordini means with mute(s). senza sordino or senza sordini means without mutes; (2) in piano playing scnza sordini indicates that dampers are to be raised and the performer is to use the sustaining, or right pedal. alternative and more common term is ped.*sordino
|
||
music term: (it.) - noisy.*strepitoso
|
||
music term: (it.) - nothing. a niente, to nothing. used after a diminuendo symbol to indicate the sound dying away entirely. nobile, nobilmente (it.) - noble, nobly.*niente
|
||
music term: (it.) - octave. often written 8ve. all'ottava, at the octave and ottava bassa, an octave lower.*ottava
|
||
music term: (it.) - or. indicates an alternative passage (usually a simpler version) in a composition.*ossia
|
||
music term: (it.) - pause.*fermata
|
||
music term: (it.) - plaintively.*piangendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - played by instruments.*stromentato
|
||
music term: (it.) - playfully, light-hearted.*scherzando
|
||
music term: (it.) - pleasantly.*piacevole
|
||
music term: (it.) - pleasing .*gradevole
|
||
music term: (it.) - point of the bow.*punta d'arco
|
||
music term: (it.) - precise.*preciso
|
||
music term: (it.) - quick, rapid.*tosto
|
||
music term: (it.) - rage.*rabbia
|
||
music term: (it.) - realism. particularly applied to italian opera around 1900 with its violent and contemporary leanings.*verismo
|
||
music term: (it.) - reinforcing. a sudden strong accent on notes or chords. similar to sforzando.*rinforzando
|
||
music term: (it.) - repeat.*replica
|
||
music term: (it.) - rhythm.*ritmo
|
||
music term: (it.) - sad.*mesto
|
||
music term: (it.) - scurrying, rapid.*scorrevole
|
||
music term: (it.) - see polonaise.*polacca
|
||
music term: (it.) - serious opera and opposite of opera buffa. this term is especially applied to the flourishing 18th century style as used by rossini. characterised by the use of castrato singers, heroic or mythological plots, italian libretti and formality in the music and action.*opera seria
|
||
music term: (it.) - short fugue.*fughetta
|
||
music term: (it.) - sign. dal segno, from the sign. this means the performer must repeat the passage from the appropriate sign.*segno
|
||
music term: (it.) - simple, simply.*semplice
|
||
music term: (it.) - singing or speech by an adult male voice in a higher register than normal. it is sometimes used for a comic effect and is used by tenors for notes above their normal range.*falsetto
|
||
music term: (it.) - slightly, little, rather. poco crescendo, getting slightly louder. poco a poco, little by little.*poco
|
||
music term: (it.) - slow and solemn.*grave
|
||
music term: (it.) - slow.*lento
|
||
music term: (it.) - smooth.*spianato
|
||
music term: (it.) - smoothly.*legato
|
||
music term: (it.) - so much. allegro non tanto, not too fast.*tanto
|
||
music term: (it.) - solely .*soltanto
|
||
music term: (it.) - somewhat, rather.*piuttosto
|
||
music term: (it.) - spirit, spirited.*spirito
|
||
music term: (it.) - strongly accented. abbreviated fz.*forzando
|
||
music term: (it.) - style.*stile
|
||
music term: (it.) - suddenly.*subito
|
||
music term: (it.) - sustained, in a smooth manner. the sostenuto pedal on the piano is the middle pedal, only fitted on more expensive instruments. this enables the performer to select notes he wishes to be sustained.*sostenuto
|
||
music term: (it.) - sustaining.*tenendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - sweet and gentle.*dolce
|
||
music term: (it.) - sweetly, tenderly.*soave
|
||
music term: (it.) - tenderly.*teneramente
|
||
music term: (it.) - the bass part (played on keyboard or other chordal instrument) with figures written below the notes indicating the harmonies to be played above them. this system was used greatly in the baroque period as an accompaniment for soloists or to enrich the general texture of a larger composition.*figured bass
|
||
music term: (it.) - the chief castrato or tenor role, used in the 18th century.*primo vomo
|
||
music term: (it.) - the steady increasing and decreasing of volume on one long held note in singing.*messa di voce
|
||
music term: (it.) - theme.*tema
|
||
music term: (it.) - then. in the phrase scherzo da capo, e poi la coda it means repeat the scherzo and then go on to the coda.*poi
|
||
music term: (it.) - threatening.*minacciando
|
||
music term: (it.) - time, pace.*tempo
|
||
music term: (it.) - time. (1) the terms prima volta (first time) and seconda volta (second time) are used when a section of a composition, or the composition, is to be repeated with some change in the final bar(s) indicated by these words and horizontal brackets; (2) a lively dance in 6 / 8 time popular in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in which men swing women high in the air.*volta
|
||
music term: (it.) - too much.*troppo
|
||
music term: (it.) - turn over (the page) quickly. volti subito, turn quickly.*volti
|
||
music term: (it.) - two strings. in piano music this occasionally indicates the release of the soft pedal (same as tre corde).*due corde
|
||
music term: (it.) - urged on, pushed.*spinto
|
||
music term: (it.) - usually an 18th century term for an entertaining suite of movements for chamber ensemble or orchestra. mozart wrote in this style.*divertimento
|
||
music term: (it.) - very fast. superlative of presto.*prestissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - very loud. abbreviated ff.*fortissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - very slightly, very little. diminutive of poco.*pochettino
|
||
music term: (it.) - very soft, with abbreviation pp.*pianissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - voice-part.*parte
|
||
music term: (it.) - voice.*voce
|
||
music term: (it.) - whispered, barely audible. this term is applicable to both instrumental and vocal music.*sotto voce
|
||
music term: (it.) - with a forced manner (of a note or chord). abbreviation is sf.*sforzando
|
||
music term: (it.) - with expression.*espressivo
|
||
music term: (it.) - without.*senza
|
||
music term: (it.) abbreviation of basso continuo. same as figured bass.*continuo
|
||
music term: (it.), fantaisie (fr.), fantasie (ger.), fantasy (eng.) - this style is generally associated with the abandoning of set rules for free flights of the composer's imagination. specific definitions include: (i) a romantic mood piece of the 19th century(e.g. by schumann); (2) a contrapuntal piece, in several sections for one or many players, current in the 16th and 17th centuries, of improvisatory nature, with 'fancy' as an alternative name. the title phantasy was used for the 20t*fantasia
|
||
music term: (it.), jig - a lively dance in binary form, usually in 6 / 8 or 12 / 8 time. often occurs as the last movement in the 18th century suite.*gigue
|
||
music term: (it.), solfege (fr.) - ear-training by singing exercises to sol-fa syllables. more advanced forms are sung to vowels known as vocalizzi (lt.) or vocalises (fr.).*solfeggio
|
||
music term: (it.), sonatine (fr.) - a little sonata. shorter, lighter and generally easier to play than a sonata.*sonatina
|
||
music term: (it., 'a flowering') - decoration of a melody with ornaments which may be notated or improvised. evident in 17th and 18th century italian opera.*fioritura
|
||
music term: (it., 'a little largo') - not quite as slow as a largo.*larghetto
|
||
music term: (it., 'above') - usually found in piano music indicating that one hand has to pass over the other.*sopra
|
||
music term: (it., 'alone') - a piece or passage for one performer. a solo concerto is a concerto for one main performer with the others merely accompanving.*solo
|
||
music term: (it., 'booklet') - the text of an opera or oratorio.*libretto
|
||
music term: (it., 'broad') - slow and broad.*largo
|
||
music term: (it., 'changed note') - a contrapuntal device whereby a dissonant note is used when one expects a consonant one.*nota cambiata
|
||
music term: (it., 'chest') - in musical contexts used as in voci di petto, chest voice.*petto
|
||
music term: (it., 'detached') - the note is performed shorter than normal. a dash beneath or above the note indicates that the note is to be played as short as possible. a dot means the note is to be short. the superlative is staccatissimo.*staccato
|
||
music term: (it., 'evaporated') - light and airy playing. the term was used by chopin.*sfogato
|
||
music term: (it., 'extinct') - music to be played so that it is barely audible.*estinto
|
||
music term: (it., 'first lady') - a female singer with the most important part in an opera.*prima donna
|
||
music term: (it., 'german') - alla tedesca, in the german fashion, usually implying music to be played in the style of a german dance.*tedesco
|
||
music term: (it., 'half') - mezzo-soprano, female voice midway between a soprano and contralto range.*mezzo
|
||
music term: (it., 'it follows') - an indication that the performer should go straight on to the next section without a break.*segue
|
||
music term: (it., 'joke') - generally this is a lively movement, but chiefly developed by haydn, mozart and particularly beethoven from the symphonic minuet. usually it is in 3 / 4 time in the form a a b a with the b section being called trio.*scherzo
|
||
music term: (it., 'limp') - term describes music with a prominent scotch snap or syncopation.*zoppa
|
||
music term: (it., 'little opera') - a term applied in the l9th century to lighter styles of opera involving dialogue. composers included offenbach, johann strauss and sullivan. this style is sometimes referred to as light opera.*operetta
|
||
music term: (it., 'losing itself') - gradually dying away.*perdendosi
|
||
music term: (it., 'master') - this title was given to well-known conductors and composers in italy. it is now used (sometimes rather amusingly) elsewhere.*maestro
|
||
music term: (it., 'obligatory') - an obbligato part is one which has an important and unusual special role and cannot be dispensed with, as opposed to an optional part. however, in some l9th century music, the term obbligato was applied to an additional optional part.*obbligato
|
||
music term: (it., 'obstinate') - a persistently repeated musical figure or rhythm. a basso ostinato or ground bass has this feature in the bass part. otez (fr.) - take off. otez ies sourdines, take off the mutes.*ostinato
|
||
music term: (it., 'pie') - an operatic work with the material drawn from the works of various composers, especially popular in the 18th century.*pasticcio
|
||
music term: (it., 'place') - an indication to a performer that music is to be played at the pitch written. this direction may (a) cancel previous indications to play at a different pitch or (b) indicate a passage to be played in the normal position as opposed to any other in string music.*loco
|
||
music term: (it., 'robbed') - an indication to play notes with a controlled flexibility of time by getting slightly quicker or slower. much used in l9th century music.*rubato
|
||
music term: (it., 'similar') - indicates that a phrase, etc. is to be performed in the same manner as the previous one.*simile
|
||
music term: (it., 'something in the middle') - (i) an instrumental piece in opera, i.e. performed while the stage is empty; (2) a short concert piece. brahms wrote in this style.*intermezzo
|
||
music term: (it., 'stage' or 'scene') - (1) a scene in an opera consisting of an extended aria of dramatic nature; (2) a dramatic concert piece for solo voice with accompaniment.*scena
|
||
music term: (it., 'texture') - the natural compass of a singer's voice, or simply the compass of a vocal or instrumental part in a composition.*tessitura
|
||
music term: (it., 'tightening') - a heightening of tension in the music which in effect means an increase in speed.*stringendo
|
||
music term: (it., 'trembling') - employing tremolo.*tremolando
|
||
music term: (it., 'truncated') - a note broken off abruptly especially in vocal music.*tronco
|
||
music term: (lat ., 'silent ') - an indication that a performer or instrument has no part in a particular movement or section.*tacet
|
||
music term: (lat. gemellus, 'twin') - a type of two-part late medieval english vocal music, with great use of thirds and sixths.*gymel
|
||
music term: (lat. missa parodia) - a polyphonic mass (e.g. by palestrina) flourishing in the 16th century based on existing material of a motet or chanson. this term has only been used since the 19th century, however.*parody mass
|
||
music term: (lat.) - (i) a short concise musical setting of the mass. (2) a setting of the kyrie and gloria only.*missa brevis
|
||
music term: (lat.) - mass.*missa
|
||
music term: (lat., 'perpetually in motion') - a fast piece of music in which a rapid repetitive note-pattern is played throughout.*perpetuum mobile
|
||
music term: (lat., 'what you will') - a piece containing several popular tunes. the composition may be improvised or notated and was especially practised by german composers (e.g. bach) in the 17th and 18th centuries.*quodlibet
|
||
music term: (lat., 'wheel') - occasionally this term is used for the round (e.g. of sumer is icumen in).*rota
|
||
music term: (lt.) - sorrowful.*dolente
|
||
music term: (ment) (fr.) - sweet (sweetly), gentle (gently).*douce
|
||
music term: (old it., 'equal') - piece or pieces (equali) for instruments of the same kind.*equale
|
||
music term: (sp.) - a catalonian national dance performed to pipes and drums, often in sections. similar to the farandole.*sardana
|
||
music term: (sp.) - a lively spanish dance in 3 / 4 or 6 / 8 time accompanied by guitar, castanets and performers' singing. the fandango includes sudden stops and speed increases*fandango
|
||
music term: (sp.) - a quick spanish dance with singing in 3 / 4 time often with castanets and similar to the bolero.*seguidilla
|
||
music term: (sp.) - a sad andalusian song employing some intervals smaller than a semitone.*hondo
|
||
music term: (sp.) - a syncopated cuban dance introduced into spain in the l9th century with singing, usually in 2 / 4 time.*habanera
|
||
music term: (sp.) - an andalusian dance, originating in malaga, marked by singing. this term also describes an instrumental piece of similar nature.*malaguena
|
||
music term: (sp.) - an andalusian song performed with guitar accompaniment and dancing of a mostly sad nature. various types of namenco exist and are named after districts (e.g. malaguena and sevillana). flamenco-style guitar employs quite different and forceful techniques compared to classical guitar playing.*flamenco
|
||
music term: (sp.) - spanish traditional stage entertainment with satirical spoken dialogue.*zaruela
|
||
music term: (sp.) - tune, air.*tonada
|
||
music term: (sp., 'double step') or paso doble - a modern and quick spanish dance in 2 / 4 time.*pasodoble
|
||
music term: (welsh, 'assembly') - music or competitive festival.*eisteddfod
|
||
music term: (eng.) or pavane (fr.) - a slow, stately dance usually in duple time dating from the 16th century. it was normally followed by the quicker galliard after about 1550, often employing the same theme.*pavan
|
||
music term: (eng.), minuetto (it.) - a moderately fast french dance of rustic origin in 3 / 4 time but rising to court and becoming fashionable in the 18th century. the minuet is the standard third movement in the classical sonata, symphony, string quartet, etc., developing later into the scherzo with beethoven. form is a a b a.*minuet
|
||
music term: (fr ) - step. a pas d 'action is a ballet scene of dramatic nature and a pas de deux is a dance for two*pas
|
||
music term: (fr ) - step. a pas d 'action is a ballet scene of dramatic nature and a pas de deux is a dance for two.*pas
|
||
music term: (fr. ) - meditative, collected.*recueilli
|
||
music term: (fr. and ger.) - same as mass.*messe
|
||
music term: (fr.) - (1) a term sometimes used in english for leitmotif. (2) sarne as motiv or motive*motif
|
||
music term: (fr.) - (1) a term sometimes used in english for leitmotif. (2) sarne as motiv or motive.*motif
|
||
music term: (fr.) - (1) repeat; (2) the recapitulation in sonata form; (3) the return to the first section after contrasting music in the second section in binary form.*reprise
|
||
music term: (fr.) - a light, often satirical opera or operetta (e.g. by offenbach).*opera bouffe
|
||
music term: (fr.) - a piece composed deliberately in the style of another well- known composer. see also pasticcio above.*pastiche
|
||
music term: (fr.) - held back*retenu
|
||
music term: (fr.) - held back.*retenu
|
||
music term: (fr.) - i) melody. (2) song.*melodie
|
||
music term: (fr.) - increase speed.*pressez
|
||
music term: (fr.) - little .*petit
|
||
music term: (fr.) - operetta.*operette
|
||
music term: (fr.) - point of the bow.*pointe d'archet
|
||
music term: (fr.) - the coach, usually in an opera house, who teaches singers their parts. the repetiteur may also give them cues during the performance.*repetiteur
|
||
music term: (fr.) - the surprising sound of a major third at the end of a piece otherwise in a minor key thus converting the expected minor chord to a major one. this was a common device up to the mid-18th century .*picardy third
|
||
music term: (fr.) - this term describes comic opera but has two special meanings: (1) a type of french comic opera with spoken dialogue, lighter than current serious operas in the 18th century; (2) an opera, comic or otherwise, with spoken dialogue (e.g. bizet's carmen in the l9th century)*opera comique
|
||
music term: (fr.) - this term describes comic opera but has two special meanings: (1) a type of french comic opera with spoken dialogue, lighter than current serious operas in the 18th century; (2) an opera, comic or otherwise, with spoken dialogue (e.g. bizet's carmen in the l9th century).*opera comique
|
||
music term: (fr.) - up bow as opposed to tire, down bow*pousse
|
||
music term: (fr.) - up bow as opposed to tire, down bow.*pousse
|
||
music term: (fr.) rehearsal. repetition general is the dress rehearsal, often given before a full, but invited audience, in continental opera houses.*repetition
|
||
music term: (fr.), menuett (ger.) - same as minuet.*menuet
|
||
music term: (fr., 'concrete music') - music in which natural sounds (instrumental, vocal or other) were recorded on tape and then distorted, combined, etc. this term was coined by peter schaeffer in 1948 but it has largely been superseded by electronic music.*musique concrete
|
||
music term: (fr., 'enjoyment') - this title is sometimes found in spirited movements in suites of the baroque period.*rejouissance
|
||
music term: (fr., 'playfulness') - this term was used as a title movement in quick 2 / 4 time in the 18th century suite (e.g. bach's suite in b minor for flute and strings*badinage
|
||
music term: (from lat. cantus planus) - medieval church music usually describing the gregorian chant which still survives today in the roman catholic church. it consists of a single, unaccompanied vocal line in free rhythm like speech with no regular bar lengths.*plainchant
|
||
music term: (gael.) - same as mouth music*port a beul
|
||
music term: (gael.) - same as mouth music.*port a beul
|
||
music term: (ger.) - an interlude or episode (e.g. in a fugue or rondo).*zwischenspiel
|
||
music term: (ger.) - cradle song.*wiegenlied
|
||
music term: (ger.) - evening song*abendlied
|
||
music term: (ger.) - fantasy*phantasie
|
||
music term: (ger.) - fantasy.*phantasie
|
||
music term: (ger.) - heavy, weighty.*wuchtig
|
||
music term: (ger.) - holding back, slowing down.*zuruckhaltend
|
||
music term: (ger.) - ornament in german music in the 17th and 18th centuries.*nachschlag
|
||
music term: (ger.) - quick.*rasch
|
||
music term: (ger.) - rather slow.*ziemlich langsam
|
||
music term: (ger.) - rather.*ziemlich
|
||
music term: (ger.) - rattle.*ratsche
|
||
music term: (ger.) - recitative*rezitativ
|
||
music term: (ger.) - recitative.*rezitativ
|
||
music term: (ger.) - serenade or 'night music'. a title used in mozart's eine klcine nachtmusik.*nachtmusik
|
||
music term: (ger.) - tempo.*zeitmass
|
||
music term: (ger.) - tender.*zart
|
||
music term: (ger.) - tenderly.*zartlich
|
||
music term: (ger.) - tenderness.*zarthcit
|
||
music term: (ger.) - to, after.*nach
|
||
music term: (ger.) - with.*mit
|
||
music term: (ger.) - without*ohne
|
||
music term: (ger.) - without.*ohne
|
||
music term: (ger.), motive (eng.) - (1) a short but recognisable melodic or rhythmic figure. (2) in analysis, this term describes the smallest subdivision of (e.g. a theme). moto (it.) - movement. con moto means 'with movement'.*motiv
|
||
music term: (ger., 'after dance') - a quick dance used to follow a slow one.*nachtanz
|
||
music term: (gk ., ' breath ' ) - a type of florid passage in plainsong sung to a single vowel.*pneuma
|
||
music term: (gk., ' song'; plural melismata) - describes a group of notes sung to the same syllable. however, the term is also applied to any florid vocal passage of improvisatory or cadenza-like nature*melisma
|
||
music term: (gk., ' song'; plural melismata) - describes a group of notes sung to the same syllable. however, the term is also applied to any florid vocal passage of improvisatory or cadenza-like nature.*melisma
|
||
music term: (gk., 'new') - a prefix indicating a new interest in older styles (e.g. neo- romantic refers to composers in the 20th century writing in the romantic style).*neo
|
||
music term: (gk., 'single song') - a term used to describe a solo song with accompaniment (or continuo) in contrast to the polyphonic style in which all parts are of equal importance.*monody
|
||
music term: (gk., 'single sound') - this term describes music with a single melody line without support of accompaniment.*monophony
|
||
music term: (it. 'mano sinistra') - left hand. instruction to play with left hand in piano playing.*ms
|
||
music term: (it. ) - morning song.*mattinata
|
||
music term: (it. ) - very slightly. superlative of poco.*pochissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - (1) soft, abbreviation p; (2) standard abbreviation in french and english for pianoforte.*piano
|
||
music term: (it.) - (i) an instrumental movement with long bass notes giving a drone-like effect in 6 / 8 or 12 / 8 time; (2) obsolete term for a stage entertainment based on a legendary or rustic subject.*pastorale
|
||
music term: (it.) - a comic opera especially in the 18th century (e.g. by pergolesi).*opera buffa
|
||
music term: (it.) - a display of a musical passage requiring great virtuosity by the performer*bravura
|
||
music term: (it.) - a little or light aria*arietta
|
||
music term: (it.) - a measure. senza misura, not in strict time.*misura
|
||
music term: (it.) - a rest (not a pause).*pausa
|
||
music term: (it.) - a suite. this term was much used in the 18th century. in the 17th century, however, a partita was a variation.*partita
|
||
music term: (it.) - animated, moving.*mosso
|
||
music term: (it.) - as if, almost.*quasi
|
||
music term: (it.) - at a moderate pace. this term is used in other tempos (e.g. allegro moderato, implying a moderately fast pace).*moderato
|
||
music term: (it.) - at pleasure (e.g. not at any strict speed).*piacere a
|
||
music term: (it.) - by, through, for (e.g. per archi, for strings).*per
|
||
music term: (it.) - carrying sound. on bowed string instruments or in singing, the effect is obtained by gliding from one note to another higher or lower one, without a break in the sound.*portamento
|
||
music term: (it.) - change. direction to the timpani player to change tuning or to the wind player to change instrument.*muta
|
||
music term: (it.) - doubling. usually indicates doubling of the bass at an octave below.*raddoppiamento
|
||
music term: (it.) - dying away (of force and sometimes, speed).*morendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - fast and lively*allegro
|
||
music term: (it.) - fast. in mozart's music this means as fast as possible.*presto
|
||
music term: (it.) - first time.*prima volta
|
||
music term: (it.) - first.*prima
|
||
music term: (it.) - first. (1) upper part of a piano duet, the lower part being termed sccondo; (2) the first of two or more performers (e.g. violino primo means first violin). (3) tempo primo indicates that the original speed is to be resumed*primo
|
||
music term: (it.) - first. (1) upper part of a piano duet, the lower part being termed sccondo; (2) the first of two or more performers (e.g. violino primo means first violin). (3) tempo primo indicates that the original speed is to be resumed.*primo
|
||
music term: (it.) - gentle, delicate.*morbido
|
||
music term: (it.) - getting slower*rallentando
|
||
music term: (it.) - getting slower.*rallentando
|
||
music term: (it.) - gradually becoming softer. see decrescendo.*diminuendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - half.*meta
|
||
music term: (it.) - heavy, ponderous.*pesante
|
||
music term: (it.) - impetuously.*precipitato
|
||
music term: (it.) - in a pompous manner.*pomposo
|
||
music term: (it.) - in the style of gypsy music.*zingarese
|
||
music term: (it.) - indication to pluck notes on a bowed string instrument. abbreviation pizz.*pizzicato
|
||
music term: (it.) - less.*meno
|
||
music term: (it.) - manner. in modo di, in the manner of*modo
|
||
music term: (it.) - manner. in modo di, in the manner of.*modo
|
||
music term: (it.) - much, very.*molto
|
||
music term: (it.) - nothing. a niente, to nothing. used after a diminuendo symbol to indicate the sound dying away entirely. nobile, nobilmente (it.) - noble, nobly.*niente
|
||
music term: (it.) - octave. often written 8ve. all'ottava, at the octave and ottava bassa, an octave lower.*ottava
|
||
music term: (it.) - or. indicates an alternative passage (usually a simpler version) in a composition.*ossia
|
||
music term: (it.) - plaintively.*piangendo
|
||
music term: (it.) - pleasantly*piacevole
|
||
music term: (it.) - pleasantly.*piacevole
|
||
music term: (it.) - point of the bow.*punta d'arco
|
||
music term: (it.) - precise.*preciso
|
||
music term: (it.) - rage.*rabbia
|
||
music term: (it.) - repeat.*replica
|
||
music term: (it.) - sad.*mesto
|
||
music term: (it.) - see polonaise.*polacca
|
||
music term: (it.) - serious opera and opposite of opera buffa. this term is especially applied to the flourishing 18th century style as used by rossini. characterised by the use of castrato singers, heroic or mythological plots, italian libretti and formality in the music and action.*opera seria
|
||
music term: (it.) - slightly, little, rather. poco crescendo, getting slightly louder. poco a poco, little by little.*poco
|
||
music term: (it.) - slow speed. often used as the title of a slow movement in sonatas and similar pieces of music*adagio
|
||
music term: (it.) - somewhat, rather.*piuttosto
|
||
music term: (it.) - the chief castrato or tenor role, used in the 18th century.*primo vomo
|
||
music term: (it.) - the steady increasing and decreasing of volume on one long held note in singing.*messa di voce
|
||
music term: (it.) - then. in the phrase scherzo da capo, e poi la coda it means repeat the scherzo and then go on to the coda.*poi
|
||
music term: (it.) - threatening.*minacciando
|
||
music term: (it.) - very fast. superlative of presto.*prestissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - very slightly, very little. diminutive of poco.*pochettino
|
||
music term: (it.) - very soft, with abbreviation pp.*pianissimo
|
||
music term: (it.) - voice-part.*parte
|
||
music term: (it., 'changed note') - a contrapuntal device whereby a dissonant note is used when one expects a consonant one*nota cambiata
|
||
music term: (it., 'changed note') - a contrapuntal device whereby a dissonant note is used when one expects a consonant one.*nota cambiata
|
||
music term: (it., 'chest') - in musical contexts used as in voci di petto, chest voice*petto
|
||
music term: (it., 'chest') - in musical contexts used as in voci di petto, chest voice.*petto
|
||
music term: (it., 'first lady') - a female singer with the most important part in an opera.*prima donna
|
||
music term: (it., 'half') - mezzo-soprano, female voice midway between a soprano and contralto range.*mezzo
|
||
music term: (it., 'limp') - term describes music with a prominent scotch snap or syncopation.*zoppa
|
||
music term: (it., 'little opera') - a term applied in the l9th century to lighter styles of opera involving dialogue. composers included offenbach, johann strauss and sullivan. this style is sometimes referred to as light opera.*operetta
|
||
music term: (it., 'losing itself') - gradually dying away.*perdendosi
|
||
music term: (it., 'obligatory') - an obbligato part is one which has an important and unusual special role and cannot be dispensed with, as opposed to an optional part. however, in some l9th century music, the term obbligato was applied to an additional optional part.*obbligato
|
||
music term: (it., 'obstinate') - a persistently repeated musical figure or rhythm. a basso ostinato or ground bass has this feature in the bass part. otez (fr.) - take off. otez ies sourdines, take off the mutes.*ostinato
|
||
music term: (it., 'pie') - an operatic work with the material drawn from the works of various composers, especially popular in the 18th century.*pasticcio
|
||
music term: (lat. missa parodia) - a polyphonic mass (e.g. by palestrina) flourishing in the 16th century based on existing material of a motet or chanson. this term has only been used since the 19th century, however.*parody mass
|
||
music term: (lat.) - (i) a short concise musical setting of the mass. (2) a setting of the kyrie and gloria only.*missa brevis
|
||
music term: (lat.) - mass.*missa
|
||
music term: (lat., 'perpetually in motion') - a fast piece of music in which a rapid repetitive note-pattern is played throughout.*perpetuum mobile
|
||
music term: (lat., 'what you will') - a piece containing several popular tunes. the composition may be improvised or notated and was especially practised by german composers (e.g. bach) in the 17th and 18th centuries*quodlibet
|
||
music term: (lat., 'what you will') - a piece containing several popular tunes. the composition may be improvised or notated and was especially practised by german composers (e.g. bach) in the 17th and 18th centuries.*quodlibet
|
||
music term: (sp.) - spanish traditional stage entertainment with satirical spoken dialogue.*zaruela
|
||
music term: (sp., 'double step') or paso doble - a modern and quick spanish dance in 2 / 4 time*pasodoble
|
||
music term: (sp., 'double step') or paso doble - a modern and quick spanish dance in 2 / 4 time.*pasodoble
|
||
music term: - a 20th century term, coined by john cage, describing a piano which has been prepared by the insertion of objects between the piano strings for performance (e.g. a piece of cardboard).*prepared piano
|
||
music term: - a cadence with the chord progression consisting of the dominant (chord v) to the tonic (chord i) which has a 'complete' sound.*perfect cadence
|
||
music term: - a closing cadence consisting of a progression of the subdominant (chord iv) to the tonic (chord i) sounding like 'amen'.*plagal cadence
|
||
music term: - a drama in which all or most characters sing and in which music is an important element. early composers of opera include monteverdi and purcell. other composers are mozart, beethoven, rossini, donizetti, verdi, wagner (who preferred the term music drama), puccini, and in the 20th century, berg and britten.*opera
|
||
music term: - a five note scale, the commonest being without minor seconds (e.g. cdega-c...).*pentatonic
|
||
music term: - a french square dance popular in the 19th century. it was in five sections alternating between 6 / 8 and 2 / 4 time and performed by two or four couples.*quadrille
|
||
music term: - a group of notes forming a unit of a melody. to phrase a melody is to observe and mark the divisions of a melody into units or phrases .*phrase
|
||
music term: - an introductory piece or movement before a fugue, an act of an opera etc. chopin and other later composers wrote preludes as short, independent piano pieces in one movement.*prelude
|
||
music term: - an opera in which the principal character undergoes a test or a difficult journey, or experiences hardships before reaching his goal (e.g . mozart's magic flute).*quest opera
|
||
music term: - popularly known as a round, this is a never-ending canon which is also known as an infinite canon.*perpetual canon
|
||
music term: - same as common time consisting of four quarter notes to the bar, written 4 / 4 or c.*quadruple time
|
||
music term: - the fudamental or lowest note of the harmonic series especially applied to the playing of brass instruments.*pedal
|
||
music term: - the sound of two or more voices singing simultaneously at the same pitch. unison song, a song for several people all singing the same tune.*unlson
|
||
music term: - (1) (lat.) a canon in the 15th and 16th centuries. (2) (it.) a fugue.*fuga
|
||
music term: - (1) a group of seven performers which may consist of instrumentalists or singers; (2) a composition for seven performers which, if for instrumentalists, will have the character of a sonata in several movements.*septet
|
||
music term: - (1) a large-scale work, generally in three movements involving solo instrument(s) contrasted with orchestra and standardised by mozart. also called solo concerto. (2) an orchestral work in several contrasting movements with or without solo instruments, often supported by figured bass in the 17th and 18th centuries.*concerto
|
||
music term: - (1) a set of works, especially songs, intended to be performed as a group with thematic connection (e.g. schubert's song cycle die winterreise.*cycle
|
||
music term: - (1) a small and light textured concerto. (2) the soloist group in the 17thand 18th century concerto grosso. (3) a less formally structured work than a concerto for one or more solo instruments with orchestra.*concertino
|
||
music term: - (1) a subordinate passage serving as a link to another more important one. (2) a sudden change of key not going through the normal procedures referred to as modulation.*transition
|
||
music term: - (1) a vocal or instrumental piece for three performers (e.g. a piano trio - piano, violin and 'cello); (2) the middle section of a minuet or scherzo. originally this was written in three-part harmony and the title remained.*trio
|
||
music term: - (1) a work for orchestra or for two or more instruments with prominent solo parts. (2) the sinfonia-concertante is a work with a form nearer to a symphony than concerto but employing solo instruments and orchestra*concertante
|
||
music term: - (1) adult male voice between bass and alto; (2) part above the bass in a four part vocal composition in satb (soprano, alto, tenor, bass); (3) in sacred polyphonic music before 1450, this was the lowest melodic part upon which the composition was based; (4) a prefix to an instrument (e.g. tenor saxophone indicating the size between alto and bass).*tenor
|
||
music term: - (1) an orchestral piece preceding an opera, oratorio or play; (2) since mendelssohn's hebrides of 1832, the overture also describes a one movement orchestral piece composed for the concert hall with a non-musical subject. this is also called the concert overture; (3) in the 17th and 18th centuries the french overture (preceding an opera, etc.) was in three movements, slow-quick-slow, and the italian overture (a precursor of the symphony) also in three movements was quick-slow*overture
|
||
music term: - (1) an orchestral piece preceding an opera, oratorio or play; (2) since mendelssohn's hebrides of 1832, the overture also describes a one movement orchestral piece composed for the concert hall with a non-musical subject. this is also called the concert overture; (3) in the 17th and 18th centuries the french overture (preceding an opera, etc.) was in three movements, slow-quick-slow, and the italian overture (a precursor of the symphony) also in three movements was quick-slow-*overture
|
||
music term: - (1) an orchestral piece preceding an opera, oratorio or play; (2) since mendelssohn's hebrides of 1832, the overture also describes a one movement orchestral piece composed for the concert hall with a non-musical subject. this is also called the concert overture; (3) in the 17th and 18th centuries the french overture (preceding an opera, etc.) was in three movements, slow-quick-slow, and the italian overture (a precursor of the symphony) also in three movements was quick-slow-quick*overture
|
||
music term: - (1) generally a free style keyboard piece; (2) an organ solo played before and after an anglican service.*voluntary
|
||
music term: - (1) in ancient greek music this could be represented on the white keys of the piano from c to c; (2) from the middle ages, the iydian mode can be represented on the white keys of the piano from f to f.*iydian mode
|
||
music term: - (1) in modern use this is a religious choral composition in latin of the roman catholic service corresponding to the anthem in the anglican service. (2) in medieval times, this was a vocal composition based on a given set of words and melody, which sometimes came from a secular song.*motet
|
||
music term: - (1) in modern use this is a religious choral composition in latin of the roman catholic service corresponding to the anthem in the anglican service. (2) in medieval times, this was a vocal composition based on a given set of words and melody, which sometimes came from a secular song.*motet
|
||
music term: - (1) in string playing, the term indicates where on the fingerboard the left hand should be in order to play a passage; (2) in trombone playing, the term indicates how far the slide should be pushed out; (3) in harmony, the term describes the layout of a chord. here are the common positions of the chord with c major as an example, using the notes c e and g. in root position, the chord of c is played with c (the root of the chord) at the bottom. infirst inversion, the chord is*position
|
||
music term: - (1) in string playing, the term indicates where on the fingerboard the left hand should be in order to play a passage; (2) in trombone playing, the term indicates how far the slide should be pushed out; (3) in harmony, the term describes the layout of a chord. here are the common positions of the chord with c major as an example, using the notes c e and g. in root position, the chord of c is played with c (the root of the chord) at the bottom. infirst inversion, the chord is p*position
|
||
music term: - (1) in string playing, the term indicates where on the fingerboard the left hand should be in order to play a passage; (2) in trombone playing, the term indicates how far the slide should be pushed out; (3) in harmony, the term describes the layout of a chord. here are the common positions of the chord with c major as an example, using the notes c e and g. in root position, the chord of c is played with c (the root of the chord) at the bottom. infirst inversion, the chord is played*position
|
||
music term: - (1) in vocal music this is a slur mark indicating that a group of notes is to be sung to the same syllable; (2) in instrumental music this is a slur indicating notes which are to be phrased together.*ligature
|
||
music term: - (1) the art of writing for an orchestra, band, etc., involving great knowledge of tone colours, range of instruments, technical capacities and combinations of instruments, etc. (2) the scoring of a work, originally intended for another medium, for an orchestra.*orchestration
|
||
music term: - (1) the art of writing for an orchestra, band, etc., involving great knowledge of tone colours, range of instruments, technical capacities and combinations of instruments, etc. (2) the scoring of a work, originally intended for another medium, for an orchestra.*orchestration
|
||
music term: - (1) the cancelling of a flat or sharp of a note or key indicated by a sign beside the note; (2) a trumpet or horn, etc. not having any valves or keys.*natural
|
||
music term: - (1) the division of compass of a singer's voice (e.g. chest register and head register). also applied to the compass of an instrument (e.g. the chalumeau register of the clarinet); (2) a set of organ pipes controlled by one particular stop.*register
|
||
music term: - (1) the division of compass of a singer's voice (e.g. chest register and head register). also applied to the compass of an instrument (e.g. the chalumeau register of the clarinet); (2) a set of organ pipes controlled by one particular stop.*register
|
||
music term: - (1) the first player of an orchestral section (e.g. the 'principal horn'). (2) in opera, the principal is the singer who performs the main parts, but not the chief ones.*principal
|
||
music term: - (1) the first player of an orchestral section (e.g. the 'principal horn'). (2) in opera, the principal is the singer who performs the main parts, but not the chief ones.*principal
|
||
music term: - (1) the interval consisting of two semitones (e.g. c to d); (2) the quality of sound of an instrument.*tone
|
||
music term: - (1) traditionally a play in mime; (2) nowadays it is a christmas stage entertainment based on a fairy tale or other traditional source with dialogue, popular songs, costumes and actions (e.g. snow white).*pantomime
|
||
music term: - (1) traditionally a play in mime; (2) nowadays it is a christmas stage entertainment based on a fairy tale or other traditional source with dialogue, popular songs, costumes and actions (e.g. snow white).*pantomime
|
||
music term: - (1) treble clef. g clef on the second line; (2) prefix to an instrument of high pitch within a family (e.g. treble recorder).*treble
|
||
music term: - (1) words of a song. (2) a fairly short but expressive piece (e.g. lyric piece by grieg; (3) describes vocal performance with the lyre. (4) a iyric drama is an occasional synonym for opera.*iyric
|
||
music term: - (i) a flourish for trumpets (or other imitating instruments) usually for an introduction or proclamation; (2) french for brass band.*fanfare
|
||
music term: - (i) alternative name for the madrigal; (2) any piece representing country life.*pastoral
|
||
music term: - (i) an instrumental or vocal piece intended to improve aspects of technique and of no artistic value. (2) the term for a keyboard suite in the 18th century.*exercise
|
||
music term: - (i) fanfare; (2) decorative musical figuration notated or improvlsed .*flourish
|
||
music term: - (i) in a rondo, this is a contrasting section between episodical form recurrences of the main theme. (2) in a fugue, it is a section linking (by means of contrast, modulation or possibly using subject material) one entry and another. in both contexts, an episode has a subordinate role.*episode
|
||
music term: - (i) in the early 17th century this described the new expressive music; (2) between 1850 and 1900 it described the new music of wagner and liszt as opposed to the more traditional music of brahms; (3) today it refers to music by contemporary composers.*new music
|
||
music term: - (i) in the early 17th century this described the new expressive music; (2) between 1850 and 1900 it described the new music of wagner and liszt as opposed to the more traditional music of brahms; (3) today it refers to music by contemporary composers*new music
|
||
music term: - (i) in the early 17th century this described the new expressive music; (2) between 1850 and 1900 it described the new music of wagner and liszt as opposed to the more traditional music of brahms; (3) today it refers to music by contemporary composers.*new music
|
||
music term: - (i) music inserted between other pieces of music (e.g. organ passages between hymn verses); (2) music inserted between acts of plays or other non-musical events.*interlude
|
||
music term: - (i) on stringed instruments, this is the placing of the left hand fingers on the strings to shorten the vibrating length and to raise the pitch. the terms double stopping, triple stopping, etc. refer to two or three notes simultaneously being played this way; (2) in horn playing, this is the insertion of the hand into the bell of the instrument to alter the pitch and tone quality of a note.*stopping
|
||
music term: - (i) the entrance of a theme in a fugue occurring not only at the beginning but also at later stages in the composition. (2) a 17th century term for a prelude.*entry
|
||
music term: - (i) the interval consisting of two semitones (e.g. c to d).*whole tone
|
||
music term: - (it)soft and loud, abrrev. is piano.*pianoforte
|
||
music term: - (it.) - more. piu lento, slower.*pi
|
||
music term: - a 20th century concept of playing an adjacent group of notes on a piano simultaneously by applying the forearm, fist or piece of wood to the keyboard.*tone cluster
|
||
music term: - a 20th century concept of using two keys simultaneously, evident in stravinsky's music*bitonality
|
||
music term: - a 20th century term borrowed from painting and applied to other art forms implying a reaction against impressionism (e.g. the works of composers such as debussy). musically it is especially applied to the works of schonberg, berg and some compositions of hindemith.*expressionism
|
||
music term: - a 20th century term, coined by john cage, describing a piano which has been prepared by the insertion of objects between the piano strings for performance (e.g. a piece of cardboard).*prepared piano
|
||
music term: - a bow stroke on stringed instruments from point to heel. see bowing and down-bow.*up-bow
|
||
music term: - a cadence which ends on the dominant of the relative minor.*phrygian cadence
|
||
music term: - a cadence with the chord progression consisting of the dominant (chord v) to the tonic (chord i) which has a 'complete' sound.*perfect cadence
|
||
music term: - a canon in which the cornposer leaves the performer to decide where and at what pitch the following voices make their entries*riddle canon
|
||
music term: - a canon in which the cornposer leaves the performer to decide where and at what pitch the following voices make their entries.*riddle canon
|
||
music term: - a chain of perfect fifths which will lead back to the original note (at a different octave) after working through the other eleven notes of the chromatic scale. it is useful for learning key signatures.*cycle of fifths
|
||
music term: - a chord of four notes played on a bowed string instrument*quadruple stop
|
||
music term: - a chord of four notes played on a bowed string instrument.*quadruple stop
|
||
music term: - a chord on the fourth degree of the scale with a minor third and sixth (e.g. in c major it includes the notes f, a flat and d flat).*neapolitan sixth
|
||
music term: - a christian song of praise sung by a congregation with words specially written.*hymn
|
||
music term: - a closing cadence consisting of a progression of the subdominant (chord iv) to the tonic (chord i) sounding like 'amen'*plagal cadence
|
||
music term: - a closing cadence consisting of a progression of the subdominant (chord iv) to the tonic (chord i) sounding like 'amen'.*plagal cadence
|
||
music term: - a combination of sonata form and rondo form. in a rondo the five sections are a b a c a. in sonata rondo these become a b a c a b plus coda in which a becomes the first subject, b becomes the second subject and c becomes the development section. this form was rnuch used by beethoven.*sonata rondo
|
||
music term: - a composition for eight voices or instruments, or simply eight people.*octet
|
||
music term: - a composition for five performers.*quintet
|
||
music term: - a composition for four performers.*quartet
|
||
music term: - a composition for two performers sometimes with accompaniment. a piano duet is for two pianists on one piano.*duet
|
||
music term: - a composition in three sections in the form a b a with the first section (a) being repeated (not necessarily exactly). b represents a different middle section.*ternary form
|
||
music term: - a composition usually for two violins and a 'cello, with a keyboard playing the bass line and supporting harmonies. much favoured in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.*trio sonata
|
||
music term: - a concerto for three solo instruments with orchestra.*triple concerto
|
||
music term: - a contrapuntal composition for two or more voices or parts built around a theme, which is successively imitated by entries of each voice at the beginning and developed throughout the piece. the initial entry in the tonic key is called the subject. the second entry in the dominant is called the answer. if this answer is exact (e.g. it reproduces the subject note for note in the dominant) then it is a real answer. if the answer is slightly modified to preserve tonality, it is c*fugue
|
||
music term: - a curved line grouping notes together, indicating that they be joined smoothly in performance (eg. sung in one breath or played with one stroke of the bow, etc.).*slur
|
||
music term: - a device in part-writing in which one voice repeats (or approximately repeats) a musical figure previously stated by another voice. canon and fugue employ imitation with strict rules.*imitation
|
||
music term: - a drama in which all or most characters sing and in which music is an important element. early composers of opera include monteverdi and purcell. other composers are mozart, beethoven, rossini, donizetti, verdi, wagner (who preferred the term music drama), puccini, and in the 20th century, berg and britten.*opera
|
||
music term: - a dramatic stage work for only one character.*monodrama
|
||
music term: - a fairly quick dance in 4 / 4 time.*gavotte
|
||
music term: - a fast dance for two or more couples in 2 / 4 or 4 / 4 time, found mainly in scotland, ireland, scandinavia and north america.*reel
|
||
music term: - a fast dance for two or more couples in 2 / 4 or 4 / 4 time, found mainly in scotland, ireland, scandinavia and north america.*reel
|
||
music term: - a fast, syncopated and suggestive afro-cuban dance in 2 / 4 time, divided into eight beats. became popular in the ballroom and jazz in the 1930s.*rumba
|
||
music term: - a final piece of a composition.*postlude
|
||
music term: - a five note scale, the commonest being without minor seconds (e.g. cdega-c...).*pentatonic
|
||
music term: - a french square dance popular in the 19th century. it was in five sections alternating between 6 / 8 and 2 / 4 time and performed by two or four couples.*quadrille
|
||
music term: - a fugue with four different subjects.*quadruple fugue
|
||
music term: - a greek word taken into latin and sometimes used in modern contexts to describe a work equivalent to a symphony.*symphonia
|
||
music term: - a group of five notes to be performed in the time of 4.*quintuplet
|
||
music term: - a group of four notes to be played in the time of 3.*quadruplet
|
||
music term: - a group of notes forming a unit of a melody. to phrase a melody is to observe and mark the divisions of a melody into units or phrases .*phrase
|
||
music term: - a group of notes or a theme forming a basic element or idea in a composition by repetition and development.*subject
|
||
music term: - a group of seven notes to be played in the time of 4 or 6.*septuplet
|
||
music term: - a group of six notes to be peformed in the time of 4.*sextolet
|
||
music term: - a group of three notes played in the time of 2.*triplet
|
||
music term: - a harmonic device in which a note in a chord is kept sounding while another chord is played to form a discord. this discord is resolved by the prolonged note usually falling or rising to a note forming part of the new chord.*suspension
|
||
music term: - a harmonic device in which the effect of a discord is softened by first employing the note which actually causes that chord to be discordant, in the previous note with which it is consonant.*preparation
|
||
music term: - a harmonic device in which the effect of a discord is softened by first employing the note which actually causes that chord to be discordant, in the previous note with which it is consonant.*preparation
|
||
music term: - a l9th century style expressed by writers, painters and by musicians like chopin, liszt, berlioz, rossini and paganini. characteristics are iyricism, chromatic harmony, an interest in literature, nationalism, programme music, miniature or character pieces and generally emotional aspects governing the traditional, formal musical structures.*romantic music
|
||
music term: - a large body of instrumentalists which has developed historically. the first orchestras were variable, but by the baroque period they consisted of strings, oboes and bassoons with other solo instruments. standardisation took place in the classical period when the orchestra was divided into four sections: strings, woodwind (two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons and clarinets), brass (two horns and two trumpets) and percussion consisting of two kettledrums. the orchestra was grea*orchestra
|
||
music term: - a large body of instrumentalists which has developed historically. the first orchestras were variable, but by the baroque period they consisted of strings, oboes and bassoons with other solo instruments. standardisation took place in the classical period when the orchestra was divided into four sections: strings, woodwind (two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons and clarinets), brass (two horns and two trumpets) and percussion consisting of two kettledrums. the orchestra was great*orchestra
|
||
music term: - a large body of instrumentalists which has developed historically. the first orchestras were variable, but by the baroque period they consisted of strings, oboes and bassoons with other solo instruments. standardisation took place in the classical period when the orchestra was divided into four sections: strings, woodwind (two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons and clarinets), brass (two horns and two trumpets) and percussion consisting of two kettledrums. the orchestra was greatly ex*orchestra
|
||
music term: - a literary term for a work of pastoral or peaceful nature and transferred to music (e.g. siegfried idyll by wagner).*idyll
|
||
music term: - a lively cossack dance in 2 / 4 time.*trepak
|
||
music term: - a lively dance usually in triple time often contrasted (although often thematically linked) with the slower pavan which it followed.*galliard
|
||
music term: - a lively english dance, in triple time in the early 16th century. from the mid 18th century onwards it was in 4 / 4 time, acquiring an association with sailors.*hornpipe
|
||
music term: - a lowering in pitch which may be a semitone, or a description of someone singing or playing below normal pitch unintentionally. a double flat indicates a lowering of the pitch by two semitones.*flat
|
||
music term: - a marching piece either slow (4 / 4 time) or quick (2 / 4 or 6 / 8 time).*march
|
||
music term: - a medieval type of part-writing based on plainsong and harmonised by either one, two or three parallel parts*organum
|
||
music term: - a medieval type of part-writing based on plainsong and harmonised by either one, two or three parallel parts.*organum
|
||
music term: - a medley of popular tunes.*musical switch
|
||
music term: - a melodic group of notes forming the basis or chief idea in a composition by repetition or development. in musical analysis it is equated with subject. the term theme and variations describes a long musical statement which is developed.*theme
|
||
music term: - a mode represented on the white keys of the piano from b to b.*locrian mode
|
||
music term: - a mode represented on the white notes of the piano from g to g.*mixolydian mode
|
||
music term: - a moderately fast dance in 2 / 4 time for couples, originating in bohemia in the 19th century and becoming popular in europe and the u.s.a.*polka
|
||
music term: - a moderately fast dance in 2 / 4 time for couples, originating in bohemia in the 19th century and becoming popular in europe and the u.s.a.*polka
|
||
music term: - a moderately fast spanish dance in 3 / 4 time accompanied by castanets .*jodel
|
||
music term: - a modern ballroom dance with quick steps.*quickstep
|
||
music term: - a modernistic principal since 1945 of leaving elements of performance to pure chance (see aleatoric music) or letting performers decide when to play certain passages. berio, cage and stockhausen used this concept in their compositions.*indeterminacy
|
||
music term: - a musical composition (originating around 1600) consisting of an extended setting of a religious or epic text for chorus, soloists and orchestra for performance in a church or concert hall, although originally oratorios involved scenery, costumes and action. an example is handel's messiah of 1742.*oratorio
|
||
music term: - a musical composition (originating around 1600) consisting of an extended setting of a religious or epic text for chorus, soloists and orchestra for performance in a church or concert hall, although originally oratorios involved scenery, costumes and action. an example is handel's messiah of 1742.*oratorio
|
||
music term: - a musical ornament consisting of rapid alternation starting with the written note and then the note above. in the 17th and 18th centuries the trill started with the note above and then the note below. also known as shake.*trill
|
||
music term: - a musical ornament turning around a note starting with the note bove.*turn
|
||
music term: - a name for the third degree of the scale (e.g. e is in the mediant in c major). the mediant is so-called because it stands between the tonic and dominant.*mediant
|
||
music term: - a name for the third degree of the scale (e.g. e is in the mediant in c major). the mediant is so-called because it stands between the tonic and dominant.*mediant
|
||
music term: - a neverending canon popularly known as a round (e.g. three blind mice).*infinite canon
|
||
music term: - a nickname for the sustaining (right) pedal on the piano.*loud pedal
|
||
music term: - a night piece with two main meanings: (1) in the 18th century this was a composition close to a serenade for several instruments and movements. (2) in the romantic period it was a short iyrical piece in one movement for piano (e.g. by chopin). noel (fr., 'christmas') - a christmas carol. non (fr. and it.) - not.*nocturne
|
||
music term: - a night piece with two main meanings: (1) in the 18th century this was a composition close to a serenade for several instruments and movements. (2) in the romantic period it was a short iyrical piece in one movement for piano (e.g. by chopin). noel (fr., 'christmas') - a christmas carol. non (fr. and it.) - not.*nocturne
|
||
music term: - a note which is not part of the chord with which it sounds. this could mean a passing note or an appoggiatura.*non-harmonic note
|
||
music term: - a note, usually in the bass, which is held below changing harmonies above, with which it may be discordant.*pedal point
|
||
music term: - a note, which may be accented or unaccented, forming a discord with the chord with which it is heard, but is melodically placed between two consonant notes.*passing note
|
||
music term: - a note, which may be accented or unaccented, forming a discord with the chord with which it is heard, but is melodically placed between two consonant notes.*passing note
|
||
music term: - a pair of notes occupying time usually taken by three (e.g. 6 / 8 or 3 / 8).*duplet
|
||
music term: - a performance by one or two performers.*recital
|
||
music term: - a performer with brilliant technique and exceptional skill.*virtuoso
|
||
music term: - a plainsong chant sung by a chorus alternating with solo verse(s).*respond
|
||
music term: - a polish folk dance in moderate to fast 3 / 4 or 3 / 8 time. adapted and stylised by chopin.*mazurka
|
||
music term: - a polish folk dance in moderate to fast 3 / 4 or 3 / 8 time. adapted and stylised by chopin*mazurka
|
||
music term: - a polish folk dance in moderate to fast 3 / 4 or 3 / 8 time. adapted and stylised by chopin.*mazurka
|
||
music term: - a prefix to a note indicating the pitch is to be lowered by two semitones.*double flat
|
||
music term: - a progression of single notes in ascending or descending order. a scale may be described as major, minor, chromatic, diatonic, pentatonic, twelve-note or a mode.*scale
|
||
music term: - a quick 19th century ballroom dance in 2 / 4 time.*galop
|
||
music term: - a quick, highly syncopated brazilian carnival song danced usually in 2 / 4 time in a circle with a standard call and response between lead singer and chorus. the ballroom version is danced in couples and is more sedate.*samba
|
||
music term: - a rapid but minute fluctuation in pitch to give an expressive quality to a note (e.g. by a violinist's oscillations of the left hand). the degree and style is related to the intensity of feeling in the music.*vibrato
|
||
music term: - a rapid succession of notes on a drum approximating to a continuous sound.*roll
|
||
music term: - a recurring section of a song (both words and music) at the end of each stanza.*refrain
|
||
music term: - a responding musical phrase (e.g. in a fugue) which exactly reproduces the subject or entry of a theme at the fifth.*real answer
|
||
music term: - a restatement of a section of a composition usually indicated by repeat marks which consist of a pair of dots and a double bar. when the performer reaches these repeat marks, he then plays from the previous pair of dots, or if there are none, from the beginning.*repeat
|
||
music term: - a restatement of a section of a composition usually indicated by repeat marks which consist of a pair of dots and a double bar. when the performer reaches these repeat marks, he then plays from the previous pair of dots, or if there are none, from the beginning.*repeat
|
||
music term: - a rhythmic figure consisting of a short note on the beat followed by a longer one held until the next beat. found in scottish music but also in other folk music.*scotch snap
|
||
music term: - a rise in pitch which may be a semitone, or a description of someone singing or playing sharp unintentionally. a double sharp indicates a rising of the pitch by two semitones.*sharp
|
||
music term: - a sailors' work song with solo verses (often of an extemporised nature) and chorus matching certain rhythmical movements (e.g. pulling a rope together).*shanty
|
||
music term: - a scottish dance related to the reel with a slower tempo and characteristic rhythms with four beats to the bar.*strathspey
|
||
music term: - a section of a composition, usually with no structural importance.*passage
|
||
music term: - a secular, polyphonic, unaccompanied vocal composition set to poems for several parts, mainly cultivated in the 16th and 17th centuries. italian writers of this time included gabrieli and palestrina (16th century). monteverdi and marenzio wrote in the later highly stylised manner of the 17th century. english writers included morley and yveelkes.*madrigal
|
||
music term: - a self-contained section of a large composition having its own time signature and title. in some works, movements are directly linked (without a break inbetween) and sound incomplete without performing them in sequence. in all works, movements form a cohesive whole, much like in a set of related literary short stories. movimento (it.) - motion. doppio mouvmento, at double the preceding speed.*movement
|
||
music term: - a self-contained section of a large composition having its own time signature and title. in some works, movements are directly linked (without a break inbetween) and sound incomplete without performing them in sequence. in all works, movements form a cohesive whole, much like in a set of related literary short stories. movimento (it.) - motion. doppio mouvmento, at double the preceding speed*movement
|
||
music term: - a self-contained section of a large composition having its own time signature and title. in some works, movements are directly linked (without a break inbetween) and sound incomplete without performing them in sequence. in all works, movements form a cohesive whole, much like in a set of related literary short stories. movimento (it.) - motion. doppio mouvmento, at double the preceding speed.*movement
|
||
music term: - a sense of pitch which enables a person to identify a note simply by hearing it.*perfect pitch
|
||
music term: - a set of notes produced by a vibrating string or air column, determining the difference of tone colours of instruments.*harmonic series
|
||
music term: - a set of songs performed in its entirety and set to words by a single poet. beethoven wrote the first example in 1816. in the romantic era, however, schumann and schubert used traditional german popular song combined with more imaginative accompaniment to illuminate and interpret words in a romantic way. an example is die winterreisce ('winter journey') composed in 1828 by schubert.*song cycle
|
||
music term: - a short composition of improvisatory nature usually for piano. schubert and chopin wrote in this style.*impromptu
|
||
music term: - a short musical phrase (not as long as a theme) which is recognisable through repetition in a composition.*figure
|
||
music term: - a short vocal perpetual canon in which voices enter in turn to sing a melody at the octave or at the same pitch (e.g. row, row, row your boat).*round
|
||
music term: - a silence in a performer's part indicated by symbols corresponding to certain beats.*rest
|
||
music term: - a simple and short part-song in several sections for male voices, flourishing in britain between 1650 and 1830.*glee
|
||
music term: - a slow and stately dance in 3 / 2 or 3 / 4 time, usually in binary form and one of the standard elements of the suite.*sarabande
|
||
music term: - a slow or fast dance in triple time with the characteristic one beat and one chord in the bar. the waltz became universally popular in the 19th century with viennese composers.*waltz
|
||
music term: - a spanish dance in fast, syncopated 3 / 4 time with song.*polo
|
||
music term: - a spanish dance in fast, syncopated 3 / 4 time with song.*polo
|
||
music term: - a stage work giving more or less equal importance to opera and ballet (e.g. the works of lully and rameau in france in the 17th and 18th centuries).*opera- ballet
|
||
music term: - a stage work giving more or less equal importance to opera and ballet (e.g. the works of lully and rameau in france in the 17th and 18th centuries)*opera- ballet
|
||
music term: - a stage work giving more or less equal importance to opera and ballet (e.g. the works of lully and rameau in france in the 17th and 18th centuries).*opera- ballet
|
||
music term: - a stage work involving elements of both opera and oratorio (e.g. stravinsky's oedipus rex).*opera oratorio
|
||
music term: - a stately polish dance in moderately fast 3 / 4 time dating from at least the 16th century. composers include bach, but the most famous examples are the 13 written by chopin.*polonaise
|
||
music term: - a stately polish dance in moderately fast 3 / 4 time dating from at least the 16th century. composers include bach, but the most famous examples are the 13 written by chopin*polonaise
|
||
music term: - a stately polish dance in moderately fast 3 / 4 time dating from at least the 16th century. composers include bach, but the most famous examples are the 13 written by chopin.*polonaise
|
||
music term: - a string group consisting of two violins, viola and 'cello.*string quartet
|
||
music term: - a style of music in two or more parts in which (as opposed to homophony) each part is independent and of equal importance. therefore, polyphonic music implies the use of counterpoint, and some of the most important forms are the motet, canon and fugue. composers include palestrina, byrd and bach.*polyphony
|
||
music term: - a style of music in two or more parts in which (as opposed to homophony) each part is independent and of equal importance. therefore, polyphonic music implies the use of counterpoint, and some of the most important forms are the motet, canon and fugue. composers include palestrina, byrd and bach.*polyphony
|
||
music term: - a term describing (from the 1960's) dramatic works simpler than opera and suitable for the concert platform.*music theatre
|
||
music term: - a term describing the course of a melody or melodies. conjunct motion is movement by step. disjunct motion is movement by leap. similar motion describes two melodies moving in the same direction and contrary motion describes two melodies moving in opposite directions. paralicl motion describes parts moving the same way and also keeping the same interval between them.*motion
|
||
music term: - a term describing the course of a melody or melodies. conjunct motion is movement by step. disjunct motion is movement by leap. similar motion describes two melodies moving in the same direction and contrary motion describes two melodies moving in opposite directions. paralicl motion describes parts moving the same way and also keeping the same interval between them.*motion
|
||
music term: - a term for music which recurs and develops in the form of a quotation.*motto theme
|
||
music term: - a theme which is played backwards. this device was prominent in the middle ages in fugues and in 20th century serial music. retrograde inversion describes a theme played backwards and upside-down.*retrograde motion
|
||
music term: - a theme which is played backwards. this device was prominent in the middle ages in fugues and in 20th century serial music. retrograde inversion describes a theme played backwards and upside-down.*retrograde motion
|
||
music term: - a three-note chord (e.g. c e g with e and g being a third and fifth above the lowest note c).*triad
|
||
music term: - a title given by l9th and 20th century composers to describe works generally in one continuous movement suggestive of neroic, national or other romantic inspiration.*rhapsody
|
||
music term: - a title given by l9th and 20th century composers to describe works generally in one continuous movement suggestive of neroic, national or other romantic inspiration.*rhapsody
|
||
music term: - a title given to the basic a b a form or ternary form as used in an instrumental slow movement. however, this is rather vague and is best avoided since not every song is in this form.*song form
|
||
music term: - a title used byj.s. bach for contrapuntal two-part compositions for clavier. bach called three-part compositions sinfonie but they are now also referred to as inventions.*invention
|
||
music term: - a triad in which the perfect fifth is reduced chromatically by a semitone (e.g. a c and e flat.*diminished triad
|
||
music term: - a type of 'augmented sixth' chord (e.g. a flat, c, e flat and f sharp whlch also may be treated as a dominant seventh chord.*german sixth
|
||
music term: - a type of american-influenced light stage entertainment which succeeded the musical comedy in the mid-20th century. now known simply as a musical. an example is phantom of the opera with music by andrew lloyd webber.*musical play
|
||
music term: - a type of american-influenced light stage entertainment which succeeded the musical comedy in the mid-20th century. now known simply as a musical. an example is phantom of the opera with music by andrew lloyd webber*musical play
|
||
music term: - a type of american-influenced light stage entertainment which succeeded the musical comedy in the mid-20th century. now known simply as a musical. an example is phantom of the opera with music by andrew lloyd webber.*musical play
|
||
music term: - a type of augmented sixth chord (e.g. a flat, c and f sharp) distinguished by having a major triad and no other note between the notes forming the sixth.*italian sixth
|
||
music term: - a type of metre where the beat units are divisible into three (e.g. 6 / 8, 9 / 8, 12 / 8. opposite of simple time*compound time
|
||
music term: - a type of plainsong associated with pope gregory i (590- 604) existing as a large collection of ancient monophonic melodies which were until quite recently used in the roman catholic church.*gregorian chant
|
||
music term: - a type of rcligious arnerican negro folksong with a call and response pattern.*spiritual
|
||
music term: - a vague term describing: (1) the serious, entirely sung operas as opposed to the lighter op ra-comique which had dialogue, (2) operas on a grand and lavish scale.*grand opera
|
||
music term: - a vague term with two main meanings: (1) a romantic love song, properly performed in the night air accompanied by mandolin or guitar in order to woo a girl; (2) evening entertainment (especially 18th century) comprising a set of instrumental movements for chamber orchestra or wind group similar to the divertimento. the german equivalent is nachtmusik.*serenade
|
||
music term: - a wagnerian term for opera, which he felt to be inadequate. this term describes wagner's new concept of the leitmotif and the fusing of scenery, costume, libretti, music and drama into a new art.*music drama
|
||
music term: - a wagnerian term for opera, which he felt to be inadequate. this term describes wagner's new concept of the leitmotif and the fusing of scenery, costume, libretti, music and drama into a new art.*music drama
|
||
music term: - a wait of indefinite length on a note or rest*pause
|
||
music term: - a wait of indefinite length on a note or rest.*pause
|
||
music term: - a work in which a theme connects more than one movement. beethoven introduced it into symphonic music (e.g. in his fifth symphony) and romantic composers developed it further.*cyclic form
|
||
music term: - abbreviaion for piano (it.), soft. varying degrees of increasing softness are abbreviated as pp, ppp, etc.*p
|
||
music term: - abbreviation for cello.*vc
|
||
music term: - abbreviation for pianissimo, very soft.*pp
|
||
music term: - abbreviation for right hand.*rh
|
||
music term: - abbreviation for viola.*vla
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of fortissimo meaning very loud*ff
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of general pause.*gp
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of german kontrabass, double-bass.*kb
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of latin opus, work. used as a publishers' catalogue system to indicate the order in which a composer's works have been published. the higher the opus number, the later the music was published in a composer's lifetime.*op
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of latin opus, work. used as a publishers' catalogue system to indicate the order in which a composer's works have been published. the higher the opus number, the later the music was published in a composer's lifetime.*op
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of mezzo soprano.*m sop
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of pizzicato.*pizz
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of rallentando.*rall
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of recitative.*recit
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of rinforzando.*rin
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of ritardando.*rit
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of the major scale.*maj
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of the minor scale.*mi
|
||
music term: - abbreviation of(l) ray in the tonic sol-fa; (2) respond.*r
|
||
music term: - abbreviations of rinforzando.*rf
|
||
music term: - adjective describing major and minor scales and also modes. the opposite of chromatic music which introduces notes not in the prevailing key. diatonic harmonies, intervals, passages, etc. are made up of notes of the current key.*diatonic
|
||
music term: - adjective from counterpoint.*contrapuntal
|
||
music term: - also called graccs or embellishments, these are notes considered to be an extra embellishment of a melody which are either added spontaneously by the performer or indicated by the composer on the score by signs or notation. in the 17th and 18th centuries, omaments were mostly indicated by signs and they included the trill, mordent, turn, arpeggio and appoggiatura. composers wrote out ornaments in full in later periods.*ornaments
|
||
music term: - also called graccs or embellishments, these are notes considered to be an extra embellishment of a melody which are either added spontaneously by the performer or indicated by the composer on the score by signs or notation. in the 17th and 18th centuries, omaments were mostly indicated by signs and they included the trill, mordent, turn, arpeggio and appoggiatura. composers wrote out ornaments in full in later periods.*ornaments
|
||
music term: - also known as programme music or tone poem, this is a mid-19th century term introduced by liszt to describe an orchestral piece influenced by a non-musical theme (e.g. iiterature, art or emotions).*symphonic poem
|
||
music term: - also known as twelve-tone music, twelve-note music and dodecaphonic music. this is a 20th century concept mostly developed by schonberg. a twelve-note theme is fixed upon, with each note being used once. this is known as the tone row or series. thereafter it can appear in four main ways: forwards, backwards (retrograde), upside down (inversion), and upside down and backwards (retrograde inversion). the series can appear and begin on any one of the twelve pitches and more than*serial music
|
||
music term: - alternate notes played an octave apart, frequently used in piano music*broken octaves
|
||
music term: - alternative name for perfect cadence.*full close
|
||
music term: - alternative name for trill.*shake
|
||
music term: - american term for serial music*twelve tone
|
||
music term: - an alternative name for sonata form.*first movement form
|
||
music term: - an argentinian dance in moderately slow time with syncopated rhythms, appearing in european and american ballrooms around world war i.*tango
|
||
music term: - an english system of notation and sight reading mainly devised by j.s. curwen in the 1840s. the notes of the major scale are named in ascending order: doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te, doh. doh is the tonic, or keynote, but is not at any fixed pitch.*sol-fa
|
||
music term: - an imperfect cadence.*half close
|
||
music term: - an interval smaller than a semitone, evident in some modern compositions.*microtone
|
||
music term: - an introductory piece or movement before a fugue, an act of an opera etc. chopin and other later composers wrote preludes as short, independent piano pieces in one movement.*prelude
|
||
music term: - an opera in which the principal character undergoes a test or a difficult journey, or experiences hardships before reaching his goal (e.g . mozart's magic flute)*quest opera
|
||
music term: - an opera in which the principal character undergoes a test or a difficult journey, or experiences hardships before reaching his goal (e.g . mozart's magic flute).*quest opera
|
||
music term: - an orchestral work revealing a literary or pictorial element in three movements, quick-slow-quick, from which the symphony evolved. the french overture has slow-quick-slow movements.*italian overture
|
||
music term: - an ordered melodic theme in serial or 12-tone music.*tone row
|
||
music term: - an ornament which has two forms: (1) upper mordent (or inverted mordent); (2) lower mordent or simply, mordent*mordent
|
||
music term: - an ornament which has two forms: (1) upper mordent (or inverted mordent); (2) lower mordent or simply, mordent.*mordent
|
||
music term: - another name for bass clef.*f clef
|
||
music term: - any notes of the harmonic series are given this name except for the first fundamental.*overtone
|
||
music term: - aristocratic, elaborate english stage entertainment chiefly cultivated in the 17th century and involving poetry, dancing, scenery, costumes, instrumental and vocal music. the masque was related to opera and ballet.*masque
|
||
music term: - aristocratic, elaborate english stage entertainment chiefly cultivated in the 17th century and involving poetry, dancing, scenery, costumes, instrumental and vocal music. the masque was related to opera and ballet.*masque
|
||
music term: - at double the speed of the preceding sectlon .*doppio movimento
|
||
music term: - complete silence. a rest of at least one bar for the whole orchestra. abbreviation is gp.*general pause
|
||
music term: - composing music for particular instruments. this term is used with reference to the composer's skill and knowledge of selecting instruments which sound well or are unusual, etc.*instrumentation
|
||
music term: - consecutive fifths implied, but not actually present in harmony and nevertheless frowned upon by academics.*hidden fifths
|
||
music term: - counterpoint in which four melodies can exchange position.*quadruple counterpoint
|
||
music term: - describes a section of a composition in fugal style which is not actually a fugue.*fugato
|
||
music term: - describes a trend, especially in the 1920's, characterised by its use of the concerto grosso technique, contrapuntal writing and avoidance of emotion. neo-classical composers included stravinsky and hindemith.*neo-classical
|
||
music term: - describes a trend, especially in the 1920's, characterised by its use of the concerto grosso technique, contrapuntal writing and avoidance of emotion. neo-classical composers included stravinsky and hindemith.*neo-classical
|
||
music term: - describes a wide range of 17th century english dances.*rant
|
||
music term: - describes the harmonic relationships of keys (e.g. g major is closely related to d major (its dominant) since there is only the difference of one sharp. see also relative.*related
|
||
music term: - describes the harmonic relationships of keys (e.g. g major is closely related to d major (its dominant) since there is only the difference of one sharp. see also relative.*related
|
||
music term: - describes the movement of parts or melodies when one remains on the same note and the other moves in some direction.*oblique motion
|
||
music term: - descriptive music evoking a poem, novel, play, painting emotion or other non-musical source. more common term is programme music.*illustrative music
|
||
music term: - device on some brass instruments, used principally on the trombone, for altering the length of the tube, and therefore the notes produced.*slide
|
||
music term: - dominant triad with the addition of the seventh note from its root.*dominant seventh
|
||
music term: - easily or fluently.*facilmente
|
||
music term: - emphasis on the off-beat and a characteristic of jazz styles.*syncopation
|
||
music term: - equivalent of four quarter notes (in 4 / 4 time, 4 beats).*whole note
|
||
music term: - equivalent of four quarter notes (in 4 / 4 time, 4 beats).*whole note
|
||
music term: - evident in the mid-16th and early 17th century, this was a harmonic bass line used for variations.*romanesca
|
||
music term: - extremely fast articulation of sound on a wind instrument by the tongue, like trilling.*flutter-tongue
|
||
music term: - fifth degree of the major or minor scale, or a triad built on it.*dominant
|
||
music term: - first or lowest note of the harmonic series.*fundamental
|
||
music term: - generally a four movement, serious and large scale sonata-like orchestral work involving a first movement, second movement, minuet and trio and finale. the first movement is often in sonata form, and this structure may also be evident in the slow movement and finale. this four-movement form became standard around 1760 with mozart and haydn but the number of movements may vary.*symphony
|
||
music term: - generally a strophic song for several male, female or mixed voices in which there are many singers to a part, with the top part usually having the principal part. composers include elgar, parry and stanford.*part-song
|
||
music term: - generally a strophic song for several male, female or mixed voices in which there are many singers to a part, with the top part usually having the principal part. composers include elgar, parry and stanford.*part-song
|
||
music term: - generally this means to improvise a song accompaniment.*vamp
|
||
music term: - generally, this is a phrase repeated at a higher or lower interval. a real sequence is one in which the repeated phrase intervals are unaltered. a tonal sequcnce is one in which the repeated phrase is modified to prevent a key change.*sequence
|
||
music term: - generally, this is a style of singing used in opera and oratorio for dialogue and some narrative which is more closely related to dramatic speech in pitch and rhythm than to song. two main types exist: (1) recitative accompagnato or stromentato which is expressive and accompanied by the orchestra and (2) recitative secco which has only an occasional broken chord from the harpsichord or 'cellos (sometimes with the bass line reinforced by the double bass) and this was the accep*recitative
|
||
music term: - generally, this is a style of singing used in opera and oratorio for dialogue and some narrative which is more closely related to dramatic speech in pitch and rhythm than to song. two main types exist: (1) recitative accompagnato or stromentato which is expressive and accompanied by the orchestra and (2) recitative secco which has only an occasional broken chord from the harpsichord or 'cellos (sometimes with the bass line reinforced by the double bass) and this was the accept*recitative
|
||
music term: - generally, this is a style of singing used in opera and oratorio for dialogue and some narrative which is more closely related to dramatic speech in pitch and rhythm than to song. two main types exist: (1) recitative accompagnato or stromentato which is expressive and accompanied by the orchestra and (2) recitative secco which has only an occasional broken chord from the harpsichord or 'cellos (sometimes with the bass line reinforced by the double bass) and this was the accepted st*recitative
|
||
music term: - harmonic intervals of the same kind (e.g. thirds succeeding one another in the same parts.*consecutive intervals
|
||
music term: - high mass.*missa solemnis
|
||
music term: - highest female voice with range approximately extending from middle c to two octaves above that. boy trebles can also achieve this range. the term is also applied to some instruments (e.g. soprano saxophone).*soprano
|
||
music term: - in 4 / 4 time, the equivalent of one beat.*quarter note
|
||
music term: - in 4 / 4 time, the equivalent of one beat.*quarter note
|
||
music term: - in a fugue, for example, after the first entry has been stated there is an answer (or second statement at a different pitch). if this answer is slightly modified to keep the music within a certain key, then this is a tonal answer and the fugue a tonal fugue. this is the opposite of real answer.*tonal answer
|
||
music term: - in a fugue, this term describes an extra voice in the initial entries or exposition.*redundant entry
|
||
music term: - in harmony this is a suspension which resolves upwards not downwards.*retardation
|
||
music term: - in harmony this is the progression from a discord to a concord.*resolution
|
||
music term: - in medieval church music, the insertion of rests into vocal parts for expressive purposes.*hocket
|
||
music term: - in medieval music, this was triple time.*perfect time
|
||
music term: - in musical contexts, this term refers to the dramatic use of the spoken word against a musical background. this style may be used throughout an entire work or just as part of a work.*melodrama
|
||
music term: - in musical contexts, this term refers to the dramatic use of the spoken word against a musical background. this style may be used throughout an entire work or just as part of a work.*melodrama
|
||
music term: - in musical notation this is a line joining two adjacent notes of the same pitch together, indicating that the first note only should be played but should be prolonged until the second note's time value is up.*tie
|
||
music term: - indications on the score provided by the composer to aid accurate performance of a work and consisting of dynamics (e.g. degrees of loudness and softness), tempo and mood.*expression marks
|
||
music term: - instruction to a singer or instrumentalist to perform in the normal way (e.g. singing tenor instead of falsetto or playing without mutes).*naturale
|
||
music term: - instruction to play with the left hand in piano playing. abbreviation of main gauche (fr.).*mg
|
||
music term: - instruction to play with the right hand in piano playing. abbreviations of main droite (fr.) and mano destra (it.).*md
|
||
music term: - instruments that produce different notes than those written in concert pitch.*transposing instruments
|
||
music term: - invertible counterpoint in two parts occurring frequently in fugues.*double counterpoint
|
||
music term: - invertible counterpoint in which three parts can be interchanged, each making a suitable bass for the other.*triple counterpoint
|
||
music term: - lightly.*legerement
|
||
music term: - liszt's term for leitmotif, the recurring and development of themes symbolising a character, emotion, object, idea, etc.*metamorphosis of themes
|
||
music term: - midway between loud and soft and abbreviated mf.*mezzo forte
|
||
music term: - music signifying grief but especially describing bagpipe music played at scottish clan funerals.*lament
|
||
music term: - music which interprets or describes a story, painting, poem, landscape or emotional experience. opposite of absolute music.*programme music
|
||
music term: - music with national characteristics (e.g. use of folk music. the term is particularly applied to 19th century composers (e.g. smetena and grieg. bartok and kodaly were also famous as nationalist composers).*nationalism
|
||
music term: - music with national characteristics (e.g. use of folk music. the term is particularly applied to 19th century composers (e.g. smetena and grieg. bartok and kodaly were also famous as nationalist composers).*nationalism
|
||
music term: - music with only one theme.*monothematic
|
||
music term: - musical term to indicate the tonality of a piece based on the major or minor scales and their relationship between the notes of the scale and chords built around them. there are two traditional types of keys (major or minor) depending upon whether they are based on the notes of the major or minor scale.*key
|
||
music term: - notated music of all performers' parts combined in an ordered form in which each part appears vertically above another. a piano score is one in which all orchestral or even vocal parts are reduced to a piano part. a miniaturce or pocket score reproduces all parts and details of the full score but is of a size more suitable for study.*score
|
||
music term: - observance of a single key. atonality, lack of key. polytonality, the simultaneous use of several keys.*tonality
|
||
music term: - one of the three types of minor scale.*melodic minor
|
||
music term: - opposite of major. applied to scales, keys, chords and intervals.*minor
|
||
music term: - organ device of producing a vibrato effect by alternately increasing and decreasing the wind pressure.*tremulant
|
||
music term: - originally a slow and stately dance appearing in keyboard music of the 17th century. later the passacaglia was a piece with a theme continually repeated, but not necessarily in the bass, like the chaconne.*passacaglia
|
||
music term: - originally a slow and stately dance appearing in keyboard music of the 17th century. later the passacaglia was a piece with a theme continually repeated, but not necessarily in the bass, like the chaconne.*passacaglia
|
||
music term: - originally an american dance in duple time of which there are two main types<65>fast and slow. it first became popular in 1912.*foxtrot
|
||
music term: - particularly used in sonata form, this term describes a section of a composition which repeats or approximates themes originally presented in a previous section, which have since been developed.*recapitulation
|
||
music term: - particularly used in sonata form, this term describes a section of a composition which repeats or approximates themes originally presented in a previous section, which have since been developed.*recapitulation
|
||
music term: - piano soft (left) pedal.*damping pedal
|
||
music term: - pleasing to the ear and sounding harmonically resolved. however, interpretations of this term vary considerably. the opposite is discord.*concord
|
||
music term: - popular in opera, this is a comic song in which words, sung as fast as possible, are often tongue-twisters. often found in the works of gilbert and sullivan.*patter song
|
||
music term: - popular in opera, this is a comic song in which words, sung as fast as possible, are often tongue-twisters. often found in the works of gilbert and sullivan.*patter song
|
||
music term: - popularly known as a round, this is a never-ending canon which is also known as an infinite canon.*perpetual canon
|
||
music term: - position of note in scale (e.g. d is the second degree of c major scale).*degree
|
||
music term: - prefix attached to note indicating pitch to be raised by two semitones.*double sharp
|
||
music term: - properly, music to be performed during the action of a play. however, the term also includes overtures and interludes.*incidental music
|
||
music term: - refers to alternate naming or spelling of the same musical note (e.g. a flat is the same as g sharp)*enharmonic
|
||
music term: - repeat from the beginning.*da capo
|
||
music term: - repeat from the sign.*dal segno
|
||
music term: - repeat to the sign.*da capo al segno
|
||
music term: - repeat up to the word fine (the end).*da capo al fine
|
||
music term: - same as absolute music*abstract music
|
||
music term: - same as common time consisting of four quarter notes to the bar, written 4 / 4 or c.*quadruple time
|
||
music term: - same as concord.*consonance
|
||
music term: - same as continuo.*thorough bass
|
||
music term: - same as discord (see concord).*dissonance
|
||
music term: - same as duet but mainly an instrumental composition for two performers. a piano duo is for two pianists on separate pianos.*duo
|
||
music term: - same as improvisation.*extemporisation
|
||
music term: - same as ornament, used to embellish a melody line and normally printed in smaller type.*grace note
|
||
music term: - same as ornaments.*embellishments
|
||
music term: - same as rondo form.*episodical form
|
||
music term: - same as serial music.*dodecaphonic music
|
||
music term: - same as symphonic poem.*tone poem
|
||
music term: - schonberg preferred this term to atonality (e.g. music not written in any definite key)*pantonality
|
||
music term: - schonberg preferred this term to atonality (e.g. music not written in any definite key).*pantonality
|
||
music term: - see cadence.*imperfect cadence
|
||
music term: - see concord.*discord
|
||
music term: - see serial music.*twelve note
|
||
music term: - set the temperament of an instrument.*tuning
|
||
music term: - sets of eight-note scales inherited from ancient greece via the middle ages in which they were most prevalent, although they still survive today in plainsong and folk music. at the end of the 17th century the modes had been reduced to two scales, major and minor, which we know today. here are the modes which may be represented by scales of white notes on the piano with the names derived from the greek system. the 'final' of a mode is the note of a cadence, or resting point, i*modes
|
||
music term: - sets of eight-note scales inherited from ancient greece via the middle ages in which they were most prevalent, although they still survive today in plainsong and folk music. at the end of the 17th century the modes had been reduced to two scales, major and minor, which we know today. here are the modes which may be represented by scales of white notes on the piano with the names derived from the greek system. the 'final' of a mode is the note of a cadence, or resting point, in*modes
|
||
music term: - sets of eight-note scales inherited from ancient greece via the middle ages in which they were most prevalent, although they still survive today in plainsong and folk music. at the end of the 17th century the modes had been reduced to two scales, major and minor, which we know today. here are the modes which may be represented by scales of white notes on the piano with the names derived from the greek system. the 'final' of a mode is the note of a cadence, or resting point, in a me*modes
|
||
music term: - slow austrian dance in waltz time popular in the late 18th and early l9th centuries.*landler
|
||
music term: - slower*mosso
|
||
music term: - slower.*meno
|
||
music term: - small orchestras currently perform under this name. originally the title described an instrumental piece in the baroque era such as the prelude, overture to an opera, cantata or suite.*sinfonia
|
||
music term: - solely a string band as opposed to a wind or brass brand, normally consisting of first and second violins, violas, 'cellos and double basses.*string orchestra
|
||
music term: - song or instrumental composition for the dead.*elegy
|
||
music term: - spanish stage entertainment involving a few singers.*tonadilla
|
||
music term: - string(s) - in piano playing, una corda (one string) indicates the use of the soft (left) pedal. the term tre corde (three strings) cancels this, indicating the release of the soft pedal.*corda
|
||
music term: - term borrowed from painting, describing the works of monet, degas, etc. and transferred to music referring to the atmospheric music of debussy and ravel. a famous example is prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune by debussy evoking the imagery of mallarme's symbolist poem.*impresslonlsm
|
||
music term: - term describes a song which uses the same music for each verse.*strophic
|
||
music term: - term describes the use of several choirs performing both separately and jointly in a composition.*polychoral
|
||
music term: - term describing music before haydn and mozart and also (more vaguely) describing music before bach.*preclassical
|
||
music term: - term taken from painting (referring to pictures using separate dots of colour) and applied to the music of some 20th century composers (e.g. webern). this described music of a spare and pointed style emplying use of pizzicato.*pointillism
|
||
music term: - term taken from painting (referring to pictures using separate dots of colour) and applied to the music of some 20th century composers (e.g. webern). this described music of a spare and pointed style emplying use of pizzicato.*pointillism
|
||
music term: - term used by german composers who believed it to be italian for minuet. the italian for minuet is minuetto.*menuetto
|
||
music term: - the art of spontaneous composition of music in performance. this may take the form of ornamentaion, variation of a song or theme, or completely new material. improvisation is great]y used in jazz.*improvisation
|
||
music term: - the c clef on the fourth line.*tenor clef
|
||
music term: - the chord containing the sixth and third intervals from the bass note. same as first inversion of a triad.*six-three chord
|
||
music term: - the combining of different metres simultaneously (e.g. 2 / 4 against 3 / 4 or 6 / 8).*polymetry
|
||
music term: - the combining of different metres simultaneously (e.g. 2 / 4 against 3 / 4 or 6 / 8).*polymetry
|
||
music term: - the completion of 17th and 18th century harmony by adding a keyboard accompaniment indicated by figured bass*realisation
|
||
music term: - the completion of 17th and 18th century harmony by adding a keyboard accompaniment indicated by figured bass.*realisation
|
||
music term: - the composing of polyphonic music and the writing of equally good melodic parts.*part-writing
|
||
music term: - the degrees of softness or loudness in music indicated by signs or words on the score.*dynamics
|
||
music term: - the downward movement of the conductor' s baton or hand indicating the first beat of the bar. the term can also mean the first beat of the bar.*downbeat
|
||
music term: - the equivalent of two quarter notes or half of a whole note (two beats in 4 / 4 time).*half note
|
||
music term: - the first degree of the scale or a triad built on that degree.*tonic
|
||
music term: - the fudamental or lowest note of the harmonic series especially applied to the playing of brass instruments.*pedal
|
||
music term: - the initial statement of a musical theme or idea upon which a rnovement or piece is based. in a fugue, the exposition is the initial statement of the subject by each voice in turn. the exposition is completed when each voice has been heard for the first time. in sonata form, it is a repeated section in which the main themes are first stated before moving on to the development section.*exposition
|
||
music term: - the interval of eight steps (e.g. c to c on the white notes of the piano)*octave
|
||
music term: - the interval of eight steps (e.g. c to c on the white notes of the piano).*octave
|
||
music term: - the interval of three tones (e.g. f to b).*tritone
|
||
music term: - the left foot pedal on a piano lessening the volume.*soft pedal
|
||
music term: - the lower type of female voice having a range from f below middle c to g above the treble clef.*contralto
|
||
music term: - the lowest or fundamental note of a chord. in the chord c e g, c is the root and the chord is said to be in root position. if the notes are arranged e g c, c is still the root, but the chord would be described as being in first inversion .*root
|
||
music term: - the mode which, on the white keys of the piano, is represented by e to e.*phrygian mode
|
||
music term: - the mode which, on the white keys of the piano, is represented from c to c (same as c major scale).*ionian mode
|
||
music term: - the modification or development of a theme, passage or figure with the theme always remaining recognizable.*variation
|
||
music term: - the movement from one note or chord to another in music.*progression
|
||
music term: - the movement of two or more parts in the same direction while also keeping the same interval between them.*parallel motion
|
||
music term: - the music is to be performed in three bar groupings, implying that the music is so fast there is only one beat to the bar.*ritmo di tre battute
|
||
music term: - the music of a particular voice or instrument in an ensemble.*part
|
||
music term: - the name for the fourth degree of the scale (e.g. f in the scale of c major) or the triad built on that degree.*sub-dominant
|
||
music term: - the notation in diagrams of guitar chords in pop music. previously, it represented a method of notation involving symbols denoting the positions of the performer's fingers (e.g. for the lute.*tablature
|
||
music term: - the note on which the melody ends in church modes. in authentic modes, the final is on the tonic. in plagal modes, it falls on the fourth degree of the scale.*final
|
||
music term: - the performance of a group of adjacent notes simultaneously on the piano, e. g. with the forearm or a piece of wood. pioneered by cowell in 1912 and used by ives. also known as tone cluster.*note cluster
|
||
music term: - the performance of a group of adjacent notes simultaneously on the piano, e. g. with the forearm or a piece of wood. pioneered by cowell in 1912 and used by ives. also known as tone cluster.*note cluster
|
||
music term: - the playing of three notes simultaneously on a stringed instrument by the placing of the left hand fingers on the strings and shortening the vibrating length.*triple stop
|
||
music term: - the rapid articulation of t-k-t on a wind instrument. this is difficult to do on reed instruments.*triple tonguing
|
||
music term: - the right pedal on the piano which raises the felt dampers allowing the strings to vibrate freely.*sustaining pedal
|
||
music term: - the scale of seven notes (e.g. the modern major or minor scale).*heptachord
|
||
music term: - the second degree of the scale (e.g. d in the scale of c major) or the triad built on that degree.*supertonic
|
||
music term: - the section of a movement when initial statements of themes are expanded, developed, modified and broken up.*development
|
||
music term: - the set of five horizontal lines and spaces on which music is written. leger lines are used for notes above and below the staff.*staff
|
||
music term: - the setting of a poem entitled 'ode' to music.*ode
|
||
music term: - the seventh degree of the major scale. this is so called because it seems naturally to rise to the tonic a semitone above. in the minor scale this note is used only when ascending, not descending.*leading note
|
||
music term: - the shift from one key to another in composition.*modulate
|
||
music term: - the sign of figures at the beginning of a composition or section or movement indicating the number and kind of beats to the bar (e.g. 3 / 4 indicates 3 beats to the bar, with the number 4 signifying that the basic beat is a quarter note).*time signature
|
||
music term: - the sixth degree of the scale (e.g. a in the scale of c major) or a triad built on that degree.*sub-mediant
|
||
music term: - the sliding up or down a scale, often abbreviated by gliss. or a wavy or straight stroke between the highest and lowest note.*glissando
|
||
music term: - the smallest interval commonly used in european music. on the piano this is represented by the interval between any note and the next note which may be higher or lower.*semitone
|
||
music term: - the sounding together of notes in a musically significant manner. the main unit of harmony is the chord. the chords are built around the degrees of the scale. the primary chords in most popular compositions are based on the first, fourth and fifth degree of a scale. many different theories have evolved over the past few centuries about the construction and interpolation of chords to create various senses of musical movement or intellectual or emotional responses.*harmony
|
||
music term: - the sounding together of two or more separate parts of rhythmic and melodic independence, in harmony. invertible counterpoint occurs when any one melody strand can exchange its position for another (e.g. the bass becomes treble). between two parts, this is called double counterpoint.*counterpoint
|
||
music term: - the symbol to determine the relative position of notes on the musical staff, placed normally at the beginning of each line, or whenever a different clef temporarily replaces the starting clef (to make notes fit more easily on the staff). there are many possible clefs (e.g. treble, bass, alto and tenor) chosen to accomodate the range of various instruments or voices. in piano music, the double staff (a staff for each hand) uses treble or bass clefs*clef
|
||
music term: - the system of tuning intervals in order to fit them for practicable performance. the piano, organ and other fixed instruments are tuned to equal temperament which means that each semitone is made an equal interval so that (e.g. g sharp and a flat are the same).*temperament
|
||
music term: - the systematic plan of beginning in one key and ending in another in a movement.*progressive tonality
|
||
music term: - the systematic use of quite different rhythms sounding simultaneously. polyrhythmic devices are especially used in the 20th century*polyrhythm
|
||
music term: - the systematic use of quite different rhythms sounding simultaneously. polyrhythmic devices are especially used in the 20th century.*polyrhythm
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music term: - the tones of the harmonic series, the lowest being thefirst partial and the others the upper partials or overtones.*partials
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music term: - the treatment of a melody by shortening the time values of notes, usually by half (e.g. in fugues and canons).*diminution
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music term: - the turning upside-down of a chord or single melody (by applying intervals in opposite directions) or two melodies in counterpoint by the upper melody becoming the lower and vice-versa. this last method is called invertible counterpoint.*inversion
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music term: - the upward movement of a conductor's hand or baton, especially indicating the beat before the main accent in a bar of music.*upbeat
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music term: - the use of two or more keys performed simultaneously and employed by stravinsky, holst and milhaud. when only two keys are used, this is referred to as bitonality.*polytonality
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music term: - the use of two or more keys performed simultaneously and employed by stravinsky, holst and milhaud. when only two keys are used, this is referred to as bitonality.*polytonality
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music term: - the writing down or performing of music in a different key from the original.*transposition
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music term: - these are the intervals of the octave, fourth and fifth.*perfect intervals
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music term: - these are the two main scales of the western tonal system. the major key is based on the major scale and the minor key is based on the minor scale. the minor scale breaks into three variations: harmonic, melodic and natural. these terms also refer to chords and intervals being built out of the major or minor scale.*major minor
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music term: - this describes the basic rhythmical patterns in music (e.g. 6 / 8 time or 4 / 4 time). also march time, waltz time, etc.*time
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music term: - this describes the dominant of the dominant .*secondary dominant
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music term: - this indicates the precise key of the piece. sharps or flats are placed at the beginning of a composition after the clef. any other alteration (e.g. a brief modulation to another key, is indicated by accidentals. if there is an extended passage in a new key, however, then a new key signature may appear. the key signature must be represented at the beginning of every new stave in a composition (although not always in popular music).*key signature
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music term: - this is indicated by a time signature dividing up the music into regularly occurring accents (e.g. 3 / 4 time means that the basic note values are quarter notes and that every third one is accented).*metre
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music term: - this is indicated by a time signature dividing up the music into regularly occurring accents (e.g. 3 / 4 time means that the basic note values are quarter notes and that every third one is accented).*metre
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music term: - this is the main service of the roman catholic church which has been set to music by composers including bach, mozart and haydn.*mass
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music term: - this is the passion of christ, as accounted by matthew, mark, luke and john, set to music and properly performed during holy week.*passion music
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music term: - this is the passion of christ, as accounted by matthew, mark, luke and john, set to music and properly performed during holy week.*passion music
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music term: - this occurs in 20th century serial music, also called dodecaphonic music or twelve-note music. it is the order in which the composer chooses to arrange the twelve notes, which serves as the foundation of the composition. novelette (eng.) or novellette (ger.) - a short, instrumental, romantic piece. the term was first used by schumann for a piano work in 1848.*note row
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music term: - this occurs in 20th century serial music, also called dodecaphonic music or twelve-note music. it is the order in which the composer chooses to arrange the twelve notes, which serves as the foundation of the composition. novelette (eng.) or novellette (ger.) - a short, instrumental, romantic piece. the term was first used by schumann for a piano work in 1848.*note row
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music term: - this term described a short, keyboard piece or a set of short pieces in the 17th and 18th centuries.*lesson
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music term: - this term is sometimes attached to a fugue or canon to describe two or more parts appearing simultaneously, with one the correct way up and the other upside down, as if a mirror had been placed between them.*mirror
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music term: - this term is sometimes attached to a fugue or canon to describe two or more parts appearing simultaneously, with one the correct way up and the other upside down, as if a mirror had been placed between them.*mirror
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music term: - this term refers to each key signature being shared by two keys (e.g. a minor is the 'relative' minor of c major since they both have no sharps or flats in the key signature. d major is the relative major of b minor since both keys have two sharps in the key signature.*relative
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music term: - this term refers to each key signature being shared by two keys (e.g. a minor is the 'relative' minor of c major since they both have no sharps or flats in the key signature. d major is the relative major of b minor since both keys have two sharps in the key signature.*relative
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music term: - this term was taken from french culture in the early 18th century, but musically the title for rococo is the style galant used by composers throughout europe until the late 18th century.*rococo
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music term: - this word is associated with recitative.*secco
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music term: - time consisting of three beats to the bar (e.g. 3 / 4, 3 / 2, 3 / 8).*triple time
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music term: - time in which each beat is divisible by two (e.g. 2 / 4, 4 / 4, 3 / 4 and in which each beat is a quarter note).*simple time
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music term: - time in which the number of beats in the bar is divisible by two or four (e.g. 2 / 4, 4 / 4, 2 / 2).*duple time
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music term: - time with five beats, usually quarter notes, to the bar (e.g. 5 / 4 time). not common before the 20th century.*quintuple time
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music term: - time with five beats, usually quarter notes, to the bar (e.g. 5 / 4 time). not common before the 20th century.*quintuple time
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music term: - to direct a performance of either singers, players or both with a baton or hands in order to give precise indications of dynamics, phrasing and speed.*conduct
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music term: - to slide up to a note in singing instead of hitting it accurately.*scoop
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music term: - two bar lines placed closely together to signify the end of a composition or section.*double bar
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music term: - two melodies moving together in the same direction.*similar motion
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music term: - upper register of voice.*head voice
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music term: - used of deviations from the strict tempo and rhythm necessary for the subtle performance of a musical phrase*agogic
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music term: - very sweetly.*dolcissimo
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music term: - with a moderate tone.*mezza voce
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music term: - written music, by ordinary staff notation symbols or graphic representation or simply by letter-names (e.g. the tonic sol-fa.*notation
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music term: . - abbreviation of (1) tenor and (2) tenuto.*ten
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music term: sixteenth note - one fourth of a quarter note.*six-four chord
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