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lguest: fix comment style

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I don't really notice it (except to begrudge the extra vertical
space), but Ingo does.  And he pointed out that one excuse of lguest
is as a teaching tool, it should set a good example.

Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
This commit is contained in:
Rusty Russell 2009-07-30 16:03:45 -06:00
parent e969fed542
commit 2e04ef7691
17 changed files with 1906 additions and 1015 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

540
Documentation/lguest/lguest.c
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

3
arch/x86/include/asm/lguest.h
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@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
/* Pages for switcher itself, then two pages per cpu */ /* Pages for switcher itself, then two pages per cpu */
#define TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES (SHARED_SWITCHER_PAGES + 2 * nr_cpu_ids) #define TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES (SHARED_SWITCHER_PAGES + 2 * nr_cpu_ids)
/* We map at -4M (-2M when PAE is activated) for ease of mapping /* We map at -4M (-2M for PAE) for ease of mapping (one PTE page). */
* into the guest (one PTE page). */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
#define SWITCHER_ADDR 0xFFE00000 #define SWITCHER_ADDR 0xFFE00000
#else #else

10
arch/x86/include/asm/lguest_hcall.h
View file

@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
#include <asm/hw_irq.h> #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
#include <asm/kvm_para.h> #include <asm/kvm_para.h>
/*G:030 But first, how does our Guest contact the Host to ask for privileged /*G:030
* But first, how does our Guest contact the Host to ask for privileged
* operations? There are two ways: the direct way is to make a "hypercall", * operations? There are two ways: the direct way is to make a "hypercall",
* to make requests of the Host Itself. * to make requests of the Host Itself.
* *
@ -41,16 +42,15 @@
* *
* Grossly invalid calls result in Sudden Death at the hands of the vengeful * Grossly invalid calls result in Sudden Death at the hands of the vengeful
* Host, rather than returning failure. This reflects Winston Churchill's * Host, rather than returning failure. This reflects Winston Churchill's
* definition of a gentleman: "someone who is only rude intentionally". */ * definition of a gentleman: "someone who is only rude intentionally".
/*:*/ :*/
/* Can't use our min() macro here: needs to be a constant */ /* Can't use our min() macro here: needs to be a constant */
#define LGUEST_IRQS (NR_IRQS < 32 ? NR_IRQS: 32) #define LGUEST_IRQS (NR_IRQS < 32 ? NR_IRQS: 32)
#define LHCALL_RING_SIZE 64 #define LHCALL_RING_SIZE 64
struct hcall_args { struct hcall_args {
/* These map directly onto eax, ebx, ecx, edx and esi /* These map directly onto eax/ebx/ecx/edx/esi in struct lguest_regs */
* in struct lguest_regs */
unsigned long arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4; unsigned long arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4;
}; };

428
arch/x86/lguest/boot.c
View file

@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
* *
* So how does the kernel know it's a Guest? We'll see that later, but let's * So how does the kernel know it's a Guest? We'll see that later, but let's
* just say that we end up here where we replace the native functions various * just say that we end up here where we replace the native functions various
* "paravirt" structures with our Guest versions, then boot like normal. :*/ * "paravirt" structures with our Guest versions, then boot like normal.
:*/
/* /*
* Copyright (C) 2006, Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> IBM Corporation. * Copyright (C) 2006, Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> IBM Corporation.
@ -74,7 +75,8 @@
* *
* The Guest in our tale is a simple creature: identical to the Host but * The Guest in our tale is a simple creature: identical to the Host but
* behaving in simplified but equivalent ways. In particular, the Guest is the * behaving in simplified but equivalent ways. In particular, the Guest is the
* same kernel as the Host (or at least, built from the same source code). :*/ * same kernel as the Host (or at least, built from the same source code).
:*/
struct lguest_data lguest_data = { struct lguest_data lguest_data = {
.hcall_status = { [0 ... LHCALL_RING_SIZE-1] = 0xFF }, .hcall_status = { [0 ... LHCALL_RING_SIZE-1] = 0xFF },
@ -85,7 +87,8 @@ struct lguest_data lguest_data = {
.syscall_vec = SYSCALL_VECTOR, .syscall_vec = SYSCALL_VECTOR,
}; };
/*G:037 async_hcall() is pretty simple: I'm quite proud of it really. We have a /*G:037
* async_hcall() is pretty simple: I'm quite proud of it really. We have a
* ring buffer of stored hypercalls which the Host will run though next time we * ring buffer of stored hypercalls which the Host will run though next time we
* do a normal hypercall. Each entry in the ring has 5 slots for the hypercall * do a normal hypercall. Each entry in the ring has 5 slots for the hypercall
* arguments, and a "hcall_status" word which is 0 if the call is ready to go, * arguments, and a "hcall_status" word which is 0 if the call is ready to go,
@ -94,7 +97,8 @@ struct lguest_data lguest_data = {
* If we come around to a slot which hasn't been finished, then the table is * If we come around to a slot which hasn't been finished, then the table is
* full and we just make the hypercall directly. This has the nice side * full and we just make the hypercall directly. This has the nice side
* effect of causing the Host to run all the stored calls in the ring buffer * effect of causing the Host to run all the stored calls in the ring buffer
* which empties it for next time! */ * which empties it for next time!
*/
static void async_hcall(unsigned long call, unsigned long arg1, static void async_hcall(unsigned long call, unsigned long arg1,
unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
unsigned long arg4) unsigned long arg4)
@ -103,9 +107,11 @@ static void async_hcall(unsigned long call, unsigned long arg1,
static unsigned int next_call; static unsigned int next_call;
unsigned long flags; unsigned long flags;
/* Disable interrupts if not already disabled: we don't want an /*
* Disable interrupts if not already disabled: we don't want an
* interrupt handler making a hypercall while we're already doing * interrupt handler making a hypercall while we're already doing
* one! */ * one!
*/
local_irq_save(flags); local_irq_save(flags);
if (lguest_data.hcall_status[next_call] != 0xFF) { if (lguest_data.hcall_status[next_call] != 0xFF) {
/* Table full, so do normal hcall which will flush table. */ /* Table full, so do normal hcall which will flush table. */
@ -125,8 +131,9 @@ static void async_hcall(unsigned long call, unsigned long arg1,
local_irq_restore(flags); local_irq_restore(flags);
} }
/*G:035 Notice the lazy_hcall() above, rather than hcall(). This is our first /*G:035
* real optimization trick! * Notice the lazy_hcall() above, rather than hcall(). This is our first real
* optimization trick!
* *
* When lazy_mode is set, it means we're allowed to defer all hypercalls and do * When lazy_mode is set, it means we're allowed to defer all hypercalls and do
* them as a batch when lazy_mode is eventually turned off. Because hypercalls * them as a batch when lazy_mode is eventually turned off. Because hypercalls
@ -136,7 +143,8 @@ static void async_hcall(unsigned long call, unsigned long arg1,
* lguest_leave_lazy_mode(). * lguest_leave_lazy_mode().
* *
* So, when we're in lazy mode, we call async_hcall() to store the call for * So, when we're in lazy mode, we call async_hcall() to store the call for
* future processing: */ * future processing:
*/
static void lazy_hcall1(unsigned long call, static void lazy_hcall1(unsigned long call,
unsigned long arg1) unsigned long arg1)
{ {
@ -208,9 +216,11 @@ static void lguest_end_context_switch(struct task_struct *next)
* check there before it tries to deliver an interrupt. * check there before it tries to deliver an interrupt.
*/ */
/* save_flags() is expected to return the processor state (ie. "flags"). The /*
* save_flags() is expected to return the processor state (ie. "flags"). The
* flags word contains all kind of stuff, but in practice Linux only cares * flags word contains all kind of stuff, but in practice Linux only cares
* about the interrupt flag. Our "save_flags()" just returns that. */ * about the interrupt flag. Our "save_flags()" just returns that.
*/
static unsigned long save_fl(void) static unsigned long save_fl(void)
{ {
return lguest_data.irq_enabled; return lguest_data.irq_enabled;
@ -222,13 +232,15 @@ static void irq_disable(void)
lguest_data.irq_enabled = 0; lguest_data.irq_enabled = 0;
} }
/* Let's pause a moment. Remember how I said these are called so often? /*
* Let's pause a moment. Remember how I said these are called so often?
* Jeremy Fitzhardinge optimized them so hard early in 2009 that he had to * Jeremy Fitzhardinge optimized them so hard early in 2009 that he had to
* break some rules. In particular, these functions are assumed to save their * break some rules. In particular, these functions are assumed to save their
* own registers if they need to: normal C functions assume they can trash the * own registers if they need to: normal C functions assume they can trash the
* eax register. To use normal C functions, we use * eax register. To use normal C functions, we use
* PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(), which pushes %eax onto the stack, calls the * PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(), which pushes %eax onto the stack, calls the
* C function, then restores it. */ * C function, then restores it.
*/
PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(save_fl); PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(save_fl);
PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(irq_disable); PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(irq_disable);
/*:*/ /*:*/
@ -237,18 +249,20 @@ PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK(irq_disable);
extern void lg_irq_enable(void); extern void lg_irq_enable(void);
extern void lg_restore_fl(unsigned long flags); extern void lg_restore_fl(unsigned long flags);
/*M:003 Note that we don't check for outstanding interrupts when we re-enable /*M:003
* them (or when we unmask an interrupt). This seems to work for the moment, * Note that we don't check for outstanding interrupts when we re-enable them
* since interrupts are rare and we'll just get the interrupt on the next timer * (or when we unmask an interrupt). This seems to work for the moment, since
* tick, but now we can run with CONFIG_NO_HZ, we should revisit this. One way * interrupts are rare and we'll just get the interrupt on the next timer tick,
* would be to put the "irq_enabled" field in a page by itself, and have the * but now we can run with CONFIG_NO_HZ, we should revisit this. One way would
* Host write-protect it when an interrupt comes in when irqs are disabled. * be to put the "irq_enabled" field in a page by itself, and have the Host
* There will then be a page fault as soon as interrupts are re-enabled. * write-protect it when an interrupt comes in when irqs are disabled. There
* will then be a page fault as soon as interrupts are re-enabled.
* *
* A better method is to implement soft interrupt disable generally for x86: * A better method is to implement soft interrupt disable generally for x86:
* instead of disabling interrupts, we set a flag. If an interrupt does come * instead of disabling interrupts, we set a flag. If an interrupt does come
* in, we then disable them for real. This is uncommon, so we could simply use * in, we then disable them for real. This is uncommon, so we could simply use
* a hypercall for interrupt control and not worry about efficiency. :*/ * a hypercall for interrupt control and not worry about efficiency.
:*/
/*G:034 /*G:034
* The Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT). * The Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT).
@ -261,10 +275,12 @@ extern void lg_restore_fl(unsigned long flags);
static void lguest_write_idt_entry(gate_desc *dt, static void lguest_write_idt_entry(gate_desc *dt,
int entrynum, const gate_desc *g) int entrynum, const gate_desc *g)
{ {
/* The gate_desc structure is 8 bytes long: we hand it to the Host in /*
* The gate_desc structure is 8 bytes long: we hand it to the Host in
* two 32-bit chunks. The whole 32-bit kernel used to hand descriptors * two 32-bit chunks. The whole 32-bit kernel used to hand descriptors
* around like this; typesafety wasn't a big concern in Linux's early * around like this; typesafety wasn't a big concern in Linux's early
* years. */ * years.
*/
u32 *desc = (u32 *)g; u32 *desc = (u32 *)g;
/* Keep the local copy up to date. */ /* Keep the local copy up to date. */
native_write_idt_entry(dt, entrynum, g); native_write_idt_entry(dt, entrynum, g);
@ -272,9 +288,11 @@ static void lguest_write_idt_entry(gate_desc *dt,
kvm_hypercall3(LHCALL_LOAD_IDT_ENTRY, entrynum, desc[0], desc[1]); kvm_hypercall3(LHCALL_LOAD_IDT_ENTRY, entrynum, desc[0], desc[1]);
} }
/* Changing to a different IDT is very rare: we keep the IDT up-to-date every /*
* Changing to a different IDT is very rare: we keep the IDT up-to-date every
* time it is written, so we can simply loop through all entries and tell the * time it is written, so we can simply loop through all entries and tell the
* Host about them. */ * Host about them.
*/
static void lguest_load_idt(const struct desc_ptr *desc) static void lguest_load_idt(const struct desc_ptr *desc)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -305,9 +323,11 @@ static void lguest_load_gdt(const struct desc_ptr *desc)
kvm_hypercall3(LHCALL_LOAD_GDT_ENTRY, i, gdt[i].a, gdt[i].b); kvm_hypercall3(LHCALL_LOAD_GDT_ENTRY, i, gdt[i].a, gdt[i].b);
} }
/* For a single GDT entry which changes, we do the lazy thing: alter our GDT, /*
* For a single GDT entry which changes, we do the lazy thing: alter our GDT,
* then tell the Host to reload the entire thing. This operation is so rare * then tell the Host to reload the entire thing. This operation is so rare
* that this naive implementation is reasonable. */ * that this naive implementation is reasonable.
*/
static void lguest_write_gdt_entry(struct desc_struct *dt, int entrynum, static void lguest_write_gdt_entry(struct desc_struct *dt, int entrynum,
const void *desc, int type) const void *desc, int type)
{ {
@ -317,29 +337,36 @@ static void lguest_write_gdt_entry(struct desc_struct *dt, int entrynum,
dt[entrynum].a, dt[entrynum].b); dt[entrynum].a, dt[entrynum].b);
} }
/* OK, I lied. There are three "thread local storage" GDT entries which change /*
* OK, I lied. There are three "thread local storage" GDT entries which change
* on every context switch (these three entries are how glibc implements * on every context switch (these three entries are how glibc implements
* __thread variables). So we have a hypercall specifically for this case. */ * __thread variables). So we have a hypercall specifically for this case.
*/
static void lguest_load_tls(struct thread_struct *t, unsigned int cpu) static void lguest_load_tls(struct thread_struct *t, unsigned int cpu)
{ {
/* There's one problem which normal hardware doesn't have: the Host /*
* There's one problem which normal hardware doesn't have: the Host
* can't handle us removing entries we're currently using. So we clear * can't handle us removing entries we're currently using. So we clear
* the GS register here: if it's needed it'll be reloaded anyway. */ * the GS register here: if it's needed it'll be reloaded anyway.
*/
lazy_load_gs(0); lazy_load_gs(0);
lazy_hcall2(LHCALL_LOAD_TLS, __pa(&t->tls_array), cpu); lazy_hcall2(LHCALL_LOAD_TLS, __pa(&t->tls_array), cpu);
} }
/*G:038 That's enough excitement for now, back to ploughing through each of /*G:038
* the different pv_ops structures (we're about 1/3 of the way through). * That's enough excitement for now, back to ploughing through each of the
* different pv_ops structures (we're about 1/3 of the way through).
* *
* This is the Local Descriptor Table, another weird Intel thingy. Linux only * This is the Local Descriptor Table, another weird Intel thingy. Linux only
* uses this for some strange applications like Wine. We don't do anything * uses this for some strange applications like Wine. We don't do anything
* here, so they'll get an informative and friendly Segmentation Fault. */ * here, so they'll get an informative and friendly Segmentation Fault.
*/
static void lguest_set_ldt(const void *addr, unsigned entries) static void lguest_set_ldt(const void *addr, unsigned entries)
{ {
} }
/* This loads a GDT entry into the "Task Register": that entry points to a /*
* This loads a GDT entry into the "Task Register": that entry points to a
* structure called the Task State Segment. Some comments scattered though the * structure called the Task State Segment. Some comments scattered though the
* kernel code indicate that this used for task switching in ages past, along * kernel code indicate that this used for task switching in ages past, along
* with blood sacrifice and astrology. * with blood sacrifice and astrology.
@ -347,19 +374,21 @@ static void lguest_set_ldt(const void *addr, unsigned entries)
* Now there's nothing interesting in here that we don't get told elsewhere. * Now there's nothing interesting in here that we don't get told elsewhere.
* But the native version uses the "ltr" instruction, which makes the Host * But the native version uses the "ltr" instruction, which makes the Host
* complain to the Guest about a Segmentation Fault and it'll oops. So we * complain to the Guest about a Segmentation Fault and it'll oops. So we
* override the native version with a do-nothing version. */ * override the native version with a do-nothing version.
*/
static void lguest_load_tr_desc(void) static void lguest_load_tr_desc(void)
{ {
} }
/* The "cpuid" instruction is a way of querying both the CPU identity /*
* The "cpuid" instruction is a way of querying both the CPU identity
* (manufacturer, model, etc) and its features. It was introduced before the * (manufacturer, model, etc) and its features. It was introduced before the
* Pentium in 1993 and keeps getting extended by both Intel, AMD and others. * Pentium in 1993 and keeps getting extended by both Intel, AMD and others.
* As you might imagine, after a decade and a half this treatment, it is now a * As you might imagine, after a decade and a half this treatment, it is now a
* giant ball of hair. Its entry in the current Intel manual runs to 28 pages. * giant ball of hair. Its entry in the current Intel manual runs to 28 pages.
* *
* This instruction even it has its own Wikipedia entry. The Wikipedia entry * This instruction even it has its own Wikipedia entry. The Wikipedia entry
* has been translated into 4 languages. I am not making this up! * has been translated into 5 languages. I am not making this up!
* *
* We could get funky here and identify ourselves as "GenuineLguest", but * We could get funky here and identify ourselves as "GenuineLguest", but
* instead we just use the real "cpuid" instruction. Then I pretty much turned * instead we just use the real "cpuid" instruction. Then I pretty much turned
@ -371,7 +400,8 @@ static void lguest_load_tr_desc(void)
* Replacing the cpuid so we can turn features off is great for the kernel, but * Replacing the cpuid so we can turn features off is great for the kernel, but
* anyone (including userspace) can just use the raw "cpuid" instruction and * anyone (including userspace) can just use the raw "cpuid" instruction and
* the Host won't even notice since it isn't privileged. So we try not to get * the Host won't even notice since it isn't privileged. So we try not to get
* too worked up about it. */ * too worked up about it.
*/
static void lguest_cpuid(unsigned int *ax, unsigned int *bx, static void lguest_cpuid(unsigned int *ax, unsigned int *bx,
unsigned int *cx, unsigned int *dx) unsigned int *cx, unsigned int *dx)
{ {
@ -379,43 +409,63 @@ static void lguest_cpuid(unsigned int *ax, unsigned int *bx,
native_cpuid(ax, bx, cx, dx); native_cpuid(ax, bx, cx, dx);
switch (function) { switch (function) {
case 0: /* ID and highest CPUID. Futureproof a little by sticking to /*
* older ones. */ * CPUID 0 gives the highest legal CPUID number (and the ID string).
* We futureproof our code a little by sticking to known CPUID values.
*/
case 0:
if (*ax > 5) if (*ax > 5)
*ax = 5; *ax = 5;
break; break;
case 1: /* Basic feature request. */
/* We only allow kernel to see SSE3, CMPXCHG16B and SSSE3 */ /*
* CPUID 1 is a basic feature request.
*
* CX: we only allow kernel to see SSE3, CMPXCHG16B and SSSE3
* DX: SSE, SSE2, FXSR, MMX, CMOV, CMPXCHG8B, TSC, FPU and PAE.
*/
case 1:
*cx &= 0x00002201; *cx &= 0x00002201;
/* SSE, SSE2, FXSR, MMX, CMOV, CMPXCHG8B, TSC, FPU, PAE. */
*dx &= 0x07808151; *dx &= 0x07808151;
/* The Host can do a nice optimization if it knows that the /*
* The Host can do a nice optimization if it knows that the
* kernel mappings (addresses above 0xC0000000 or whatever * kernel mappings (addresses above 0xC0000000 or whatever
* PAGE_OFFSET is set to) haven't changed. But Linux calls * PAGE_OFFSET is set to) haven't changed. But Linux calls
* flush_tlb_user() for both user and kernel mappings unless * flush_tlb_user() for both user and kernel mappings unless
* the Page Global Enable (PGE) feature bit is set. */ * the Page Global Enable (PGE) feature bit is set.
*/
*dx |= 0x00002000; *dx |= 0x00002000;
/* We also lie, and say we're family id 5. 6 or greater /*
* We also lie, and say we're family id 5. 6 or greater
* leads to a rdmsr in early_init_intel which we can't handle. * leads to a rdmsr in early_init_intel which we can't handle.
* Family ID is returned as bits 8-12 in ax. */ * Family ID is returned as bits 8-12 in ax.
*/
*ax &= 0xFFFFF0FF; *ax &= 0xFFFFF0FF;
*ax |= 0x00000500; *ax |= 0x00000500;
break; break;
/*
* 0x80000000 returns the highest Extended Function, so we futureproof
* like we do above by limiting it to known fields.
*/
case 0x80000000: case 0x80000000:
/* Futureproof this a little: if they ask how much extended
* processor information there is, limit it to known fields. */
if (*ax > 0x80000008) if (*ax > 0x80000008)
*ax = 0x80000008; *ax = 0x80000008;
break; break;
/*
* PAE systems can mark pages as non-executable. Linux calls this the
* NX bit. Intel calls it XD (eXecute Disable), AMD EVP (Enhanced
* Virus Protection). We just switch turn if off here, since we don't
* support it.
*/
case 0x80000001: case 0x80000001:
/* Here we should fix nx cap depending on host. */
/* For this version of PAE, we just clear NX bit. */
*dx &= ~(1 << 20); *dx &= ~(1 << 20);
break; break;
} }
} }
/* Intel has four control registers, imaginatively named cr0, cr2, cr3 and cr4. /*
* Intel has four control registers, imaginatively named cr0, cr2, cr3 and cr4.
* I assume there's a cr1, but it hasn't bothered us yet, so we'll not bother * I assume there's a cr1, but it hasn't bothered us yet, so we'll not bother
* it. The Host needs to know when the Guest wants to change them, so we have * it. The Host needs to know when the Guest wants to change them, so we have
* a whole series of functions like read_cr0() and write_cr0(). * a whole series of functions like read_cr0() and write_cr0().
@ -430,7 +480,8 @@ static void lguest_cpuid(unsigned int *ax, unsigned int *bx,
* name like "FPUTRAP bit" be a little less cryptic? * name like "FPUTRAP bit" be a little less cryptic?
* *
* We store cr0 locally because the Host never changes it. The Guest sometimes * We store cr0 locally because the Host never changes it. The Guest sometimes
* wants to read it and we'd prefer not to bother the Host unnecessarily. */ * wants to read it and we'd prefer not to bother the Host unnecessarily.
*/
static unsigned long current_cr0; static unsigned long current_cr0;
static void lguest_write_cr0(unsigned long val) static void lguest_write_cr0(unsigned long val)
{ {
@ -443,18 +494,22 @@ static unsigned long lguest_read_cr0(void)
return current_cr0; return current_cr0;
} }
/* Intel provided a special instruction to clear the TS bit for people too cool /*
* Intel provided a special instruction to clear the TS bit for people too cool
* to use write_cr0() to do it. This "clts" instruction is faster, because all * to use write_cr0() to do it. This "clts" instruction is faster, because all
* the vowels have been optimized out. */ * the vowels have been optimized out.
*/
static void lguest_clts(void) static void lguest_clts(void)
{ {
lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_TS, 0); lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_TS, 0);
current_cr0 &= ~X86_CR0_TS; current_cr0 &= ~X86_CR0_TS;
} }
/* cr2 is the virtual address of the last page fault, which the Guest only ever /*
* cr2 is the virtual address of the last page fault, which the Guest only ever
* reads. The Host kindly writes this into our "struct lguest_data", so we * reads. The Host kindly writes this into our "struct lguest_data", so we
* just read it out of there. */ * just read it out of there.
*/
static unsigned long lguest_read_cr2(void) static unsigned long lguest_read_cr2(void)
{ {
return lguest_data.cr2; return lguest_data.cr2;
@ -463,10 +518,12 @@ static unsigned long lguest_read_cr2(void)
/* See lguest_set_pte() below. */ /* See lguest_set_pte() below. */
static bool cr3_changed = false; static bool cr3_changed = false;
/* cr3 is the current toplevel pagetable page: the principle is the same as /*
* cr3 is the current toplevel pagetable page: the principle is the same as
* cr0. Keep a local copy, and tell the Host when it changes. The only * cr0. Keep a local copy, and tell the Host when it changes. The only
* difference is that our local copy is in lguest_data because the Host needs * difference is that our local copy is in lguest_data because the Host needs
* to set it upon our initial hypercall. */ * to set it upon our initial hypercall.
*/
static void lguest_write_cr3(unsigned long cr3) static void lguest_write_cr3(unsigned long cr3)
{ {
lguest_data.pgdir = cr3; lguest_data.pgdir = cr3;
@ -538,10 +595,12 @@ static void lguest_write_cr4(unsigned long val)
* the real page tables based on the Guests'. * the real page tables based on the Guests'.
*/ */
/* The Guest calls this to set a second-level entry (pte), ie. to map a page /*
* The Guest calls this to set a second-level entry (pte), ie. to map a page
* into a process' address space. We set the entry then tell the Host the * into a process' address space. We set the entry then tell the Host the
* toplevel and address this corresponds to. The Guest uses one pagetable per * toplevel and address this corresponds to. The Guest uses one pagetable per
* process, so we need to tell the Host which one we're changing (mm->pgd). */ * process, so we need to tell the Host which one we're changing (mm->pgd).
*/
static void lguest_pte_update(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, static void lguest_pte_update(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
pte_t *ptep) pte_t *ptep)
{ {
@ -560,10 +619,13 @@ static void lguest_set_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
lguest_pte_update(mm, addr, ptep); lguest_pte_update(mm, addr, ptep);
} }
/* The Guest calls lguest_set_pud to set a top-level entry and lguest_set_pmd /*
* The Guest calls lguest_set_pud to set a top-level entry and lguest_set_pmd
* to set a middle-level entry when PAE is activated. * to set a middle-level entry when PAE is activated.
*
* Again, we set the entry then tell the Host which page we changed, * Again, we set the entry then tell the Host which page we changed,
* and the index of the entry we changed. */ * and the index of the entry we changed.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
static void lguest_set_pud(pud_t *pudp, pud_t pudval) static void lguest_set_pud(pud_t *pudp, pud_t pudval)
{ {
@ -582,8 +644,7 @@ static void lguest_set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmdval)
} }
#else #else
/* The Guest calls lguest_set_pmd to set a top-level entry when PAE is not /* The Guest calls lguest_set_pmd to set a top-level entry when !PAE. */
* activated. */
static void lguest_set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmdval) static void lguest_set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmdval)
{ {
native_set_pmd(pmdp, pmdval); native_set_pmd(pmdp, pmdval);
@ -592,7 +653,8 @@ static void lguest_set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmdval)
} }
#endif #endif
/* There are a couple of legacy places where the kernel sets a PTE, but we /*
* There are a couple of legacy places where the kernel sets a PTE, but we
* don't know the top level any more. This is useless for us, since we don't * don't know the top level any more. This is useless for us, since we don't
* know which pagetable is changing or what address, so we just tell the Host * know which pagetable is changing or what address, so we just tell the Host
* to forget all of them. Fortunately, this is very rare. * to forget all of them. Fortunately, this is very rare.
@ -600,7 +662,8 @@ static void lguest_set_pmd(pmd_t *pmdp, pmd_t pmdval)
* ... except in early boot when the kernel sets up the initial pagetables, * ... except in early boot when the kernel sets up the initial pagetables,
* which makes booting astonishingly slow: 1.83 seconds! So we don't even tell * which makes booting astonishingly slow: 1.83 seconds! So we don't even tell
* the Host anything changed until we've done the first page table switch, * the Host anything changed until we've done the first page table switch,
* which brings boot back to 0.25 seconds. */ * which brings boot back to 0.25 seconds.
*/
static void lguest_set_pte(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval) static void lguest_set_pte(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
{ {
native_set_pte(ptep, pteval); native_set_pte(ptep, pteval);
@ -628,7 +691,8 @@ void lguest_pmd_clear(pmd_t *pmdp)
} }
#endif #endif
/* Unfortunately for Lguest, the pv_mmu_ops for page tables were based on /*
* Unfortunately for Lguest, the pv_mmu_ops for page tables were based on
* native page table operations. On native hardware you can set a new page * native page table operations. On native hardware you can set a new page
* table entry whenever you want, but if you want to remove one you have to do * table entry whenever you want, but if you want to remove one you have to do
* a TLB flush (a TLB is a little cache of page table entries kept by the CPU). * a TLB flush (a TLB is a little cache of page table entries kept by the CPU).
@ -637,24 +701,29 @@ void lguest_pmd_clear(pmd_t *pmdp)
* called when a valid entry is written, not when it's removed (ie. marked not * called when a valid entry is written, not when it's removed (ie. marked not
* present). Instead, this is where we come when the Guest wants to remove a * present). Instead, this is where we come when the Guest wants to remove a
* page table entry: we tell the Host to set that entry to 0 (ie. the present * page table entry: we tell the Host to set that entry to 0 (ie. the present
* bit is zero). */ * bit is zero).
*/
static void lguest_flush_tlb_single(unsigned long addr) static void lguest_flush_tlb_single(unsigned long addr)
{ {
/* Simply set it to zero: if it was not, it will fault back in. */ /* Simply set it to zero: if it was not, it will fault back in. */
lazy_hcall3(LHCALL_SET_PTE, lguest_data.pgdir, addr, 0); lazy_hcall3(LHCALL_SET_PTE, lguest_data.pgdir, addr, 0);
} }
/* This is what happens after the Guest has removed a large number of entries. /*
* This is what happens after the Guest has removed a large number of entries.
* This tells the Host that any of the page table entries for userspace might * This tells the Host that any of the page table entries for userspace might
* have changed, ie. virtual addresses below PAGE_OFFSET. */ * have changed, ie. virtual addresses below PAGE_OFFSET.
*/
static void lguest_flush_tlb_user(void) static void lguest_flush_tlb_user(void)
{ {
lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB, 0); lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB, 0);
} }
/* This is called when the kernel page tables have changed. That's not very /*
* This is called when the kernel page tables have changed. That's not very
* common (unless the Guest is using highmem, which makes the Guest extremely * common (unless the Guest is using highmem, which makes the Guest extremely
* slow), so it's worth separating this from the user flushing above. */ * slow), so it's worth separating this from the user flushing above.
*/
static void lguest_flush_tlb_kernel(void) static void lguest_flush_tlb_kernel(void)
{ {
lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB, 1); lazy_hcall1(LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB, 1);
@ -691,23 +760,27 @@ static struct irq_chip lguest_irq_controller = {
.unmask = enable_lguest_irq, .unmask = enable_lguest_irq,
}; };
/* This sets up the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) entry for each hardware /*
* This sets up the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) entry for each hardware
* interrupt (except 128, which is used for system calls), and then tells the * interrupt (except 128, which is used for system calls), and then tells the
* Linux infrastructure that each interrupt is controlled by our level-based * Linux infrastructure that each interrupt is controlled by our level-based
* lguest interrupt controller. */ * lguest interrupt controller.
*/
static void __init lguest_init_IRQ(void) static void __init lguest_init_IRQ(void)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
for (i = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i < NR_VECTORS; i++) { for (i = FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i < NR_VECTORS; i++) {
/* Some systems map "vectors" to interrupts weirdly. Lguest has /* Some systems map "vectors" to interrupts weirdly. Not us! */
* a straightforward 1 to 1 mapping, so force that here. */
__get_cpu_var(vector_irq)[i] = i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; __get_cpu_var(vector_irq)[i] = i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR;
if (i != SYSCALL_VECTOR) if (i != SYSCALL_VECTOR)
set_intr_gate(i, interrupt[i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR]); set_intr_gate(i, interrupt[i - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR]);
} }
/* This call is required to set up for 4k stacks, where we have
* separate stacks for hard and soft interrupts. */ /*
* This call is required to set up for 4k stacks, where we have
* separate stacks for hard and soft interrupts.
*/
irq_ctx_init(smp_processor_id()); irq_ctx_init(smp_processor_id());
} }
@ -729,31 +802,39 @@ static unsigned long lguest_get_wallclock(void)
return lguest_data.time.tv_sec; return lguest_data.time.tv_sec;
} }
/* The TSC is an Intel thing called the Time Stamp Counter. The Host tells us /*
* The TSC is an Intel thing called the Time Stamp Counter. The Host tells us
* what speed it runs at, or 0 if it's unusable as a reliable clock source. * what speed it runs at, or 0 if it's unusable as a reliable clock source.
* This matches what we want here: if we return 0 from this function, the x86 * This matches what we want here: if we return 0 from this function, the x86
* TSC clock will give up and not register itself. */ * TSC clock will give up and not register itself.
*/
static unsigned long lguest_tsc_khz(void) static unsigned long lguest_tsc_khz(void)
{ {
return lguest_data.tsc_khz; return lguest_data.tsc_khz;
} }
/* If we can't use the TSC, the kernel falls back to our lower-priority /*
* "lguest_clock", where we read the time value given to us by the Host. */ * If we can't use the TSC, the kernel falls back to our lower-priority
* "lguest_clock", where we read the time value given to us by the Host.
*/
static cycle_t lguest_clock_read(struct clocksource *cs) static cycle_t lguest_clock_read(struct clocksource *cs)
{ {
unsigned long sec, nsec; unsigned long sec, nsec;
/* Since the time is in two parts (seconds and nanoseconds), we risk /*
* Since the time is in two parts (seconds and nanoseconds), we risk
* reading it just as it's changing from 99 & 0.999999999 to 100 and 0, * reading it just as it's changing from 99 & 0.999999999 to 100 and 0,
* and getting 99 and 0. As Linux tends to come apart under the stress * and getting 99 and 0. As Linux tends to come apart under the stress
* of time travel, we must be careful: */ * of time travel, we must be careful:
*/
do { do {
/* First we read the seconds part. */ /* First we read the seconds part. */
sec = lguest_data.time.tv_sec; sec = lguest_data.time.tv_sec;
/* This read memory barrier tells the compiler and the CPU that /*
* This read memory barrier tells the compiler and the CPU that
* this can't be reordered: we have to complete the above * this can't be reordered: we have to complete the above
* before going on. */ * before going on.
*/
rmb(); rmb();
/* Now we read the nanoseconds part. */ /* Now we read the nanoseconds part. */
nsec = lguest_data.time.tv_nsec; nsec = lguest_data.time.tv_nsec;
@ -777,9 +858,11 @@ static struct clocksource lguest_clock = {
.flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS, .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS,
}; };
/* We also need a "struct clock_event_device": Linux asks us to set it to go /*
* We also need a "struct clock_event_device": Linux asks us to set it to go
* off some time in the future. Actually, James Morris figured all this out, I * off some time in the future. Actually, James Morris figured all this out, I
* just applied the patch. */ * just applied the patch.
*/
static int lguest_clockevent_set_next_event(unsigned long delta, static int lguest_clockevent_set_next_event(unsigned long delta,
struct clock_event_device *evt) struct clock_event_device *evt)
{ {
@ -829,8 +912,10 @@ static struct clock_event_device lguest_clockevent = {
.max_delta_ns = LG_CLOCK_MAX_DELTA, .max_delta_ns = LG_CLOCK_MAX_DELTA,
}; };
/* This is the Guest timer interrupt handler (hardware interrupt 0). We just /*
* call the clockevent infrastructure and it does whatever needs doing. */ * This is the Guest timer interrupt handler (hardware interrupt 0). We just
* call the clockevent infrastructure and it does whatever needs doing.
*/
static void lguest_time_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc) static void lguest_time_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
{ {
unsigned long flags; unsigned long flags;
@ -841,10 +926,12 @@ static void lguest_time_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
local_irq_restore(flags); local_irq_restore(flags);
} }
/* At some point in the boot process, we get asked to set up our timing /*
* At some point in the boot process, we get asked to set up our timing
* infrastructure. The kernel doesn't expect timer interrupts before this, but * infrastructure. The kernel doesn't expect timer interrupts before this, but
* we cleverly initialized the "blocked_interrupts" field of "struct * we cleverly initialized the "blocked_interrupts" field of "struct
* lguest_data" so that timer interrupts were blocked until now. */ * lguest_data" so that timer interrupts were blocked until now.
*/
static void lguest_time_init(void) static void lguest_time_init(void)
{ {
/* Set up the timer interrupt (0) to go to our simple timer routine */ /* Set up the timer interrupt (0) to go to our simple timer routine */
@ -868,14 +955,16 @@ static void lguest_time_init(void)
* to work. They're pretty simple. * to work. They're pretty simple.
*/ */
/* The Guest needs to tell the Host what stack it expects traps to use. For /*
* The Guest needs to tell the Host what stack it expects traps to use. For
* native hardware, this is part of the Task State Segment mentioned above in * native hardware, this is part of the Task State Segment mentioned above in
* lguest_load_tr_desc(), but to help hypervisors there's this special call. * lguest_load_tr_desc(), but to help hypervisors there's this special call.
* *
* We tell the Host the segment we want to use (__KERNEL_DS is the kernel data * We tell the Host the segment we want to use (__KERNEL_DS is the kernel data
* segment), the privilege level (we're privilege level 1, the Host is 0 and * segment), the privilege level (we're privilege level 1, the Host is 0 and
* will not tolerate us trying to use that), the stack pointer, and the number * will not tolerate us trying to use that), the stack pointer, and the number
* of pages in the stack. */ * of pages in the stack.
*/
static void lguest_load_sp0(struct tss_struct *tss, static void lguest_load_sp0(struct tss_struct *tss,
struct thread_struct *thread) struct thread_struct *thread)
{ {
@ -889,7 +978,8 @@ static void lguest_set_debugreg(int regno, unsigned long value)
/* FIXME: Implement */ /* FIXME: Implement */
} }
/* There are times when the kernel wants to make sure that no memory writes are /*
* There are times when the kernel wants to make sure that no memory writes are
* caught in the cache (that they've all reached real hardware devices). This * caught in the cache (that they've all reached real hardware devices). This
* doesn't matter for the Guest which has virtual hardware. * doesn't matter for the Guest which has virtual hardware.
* *
@ -903,11 +993,13 @@ static void lguest_wbinvd(void)
{ {
} }
/* If the Guest expects to have an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, /*
* If the Guest expects to have an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller,
* we play dumb by ignoring writes and returning 0 for reads. So it's no * we play dumb by ignoring writes and returning 0 for reads. So it's no
* longer Programmable nor Controlling anything, and I don't think 8 lines of * longer Programmable nor Controlling anything, and I don't think 8 lines of
* code qualifies for Advanced. It will also never interrupt anything. It * code qualifies for Advanced. It will also never interrupt anything. It
* does, however, allow us to get through the Linux boot code. */ * does, however, allow us to get through the Linux boot code.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
static void lguest_apic_write(u32 reg, u32 v) static void lguest_apic_write(u32 reg, u32 v)
{ {
@ -956,11 +1048,13 @@ static void lguest_safe_halt(void)
kvm_hypercall0(LHCALL_HALT); kvm_hypercall0(LHCALL_HALT);
} }
/* The SHUTDOWN hypercall takes a string to describe what's happening, and /*
* The SHUTDOWN hypercall takes a string to describe what's happening, and
* an argument which says whether this to restart (reboot) the Guest or not. * an argument which says whether this to restart (reboot) the Guest or not.
* *
* Note that the Host always prefers that the Guest speak in physical addresses * Note that the Host always prefers that the Guest speak in physical addresses
* rather than virtual addresses, so we use __pa() here. */ * rather than virtual addresses, so we use __pa() here.
*/
static void lguest_power_off(void) static void lguest_power_off(void)
{ {
kvm_hypercall2(LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, __pa("Power down"), kvm_hypercall2(LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, __pa("Power down"),
@ -991,8 +1085,10 @@ static __init char *lguest_memory_setup(void)
* nice to move it back to lguest_init. Patch welcome... */ * nice to move it back to lguest_init. Patch welcome... */
atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &paniced); atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &paniced);
/* The Linux bootloader header contains an "e820" memory map: the /*
* Launcher populated the first entry with our memory limit. */ *The Linux bootloader header contains an "e820" memory map: the
* Launcher populated the first entry with our memory limit.
*/
e820_add_region(boot_params.e820_map[0].addr, e820_add_region(boot_params.e820_map[0].addr,
boot_params.e820_map[0].size, boot_params.e820_map[0].size,
boot_params.e820_map[0].type); boot_params.e820_map[0].type);
@ -1001,16 +1097,17 @@ static __init char *lguest_memory_setup(void)
return "LGUEST"; return "LGUEST";
} }
/* We will eventually use the virtio console device to produce console output, /*
* We will eventually use the virtio console device to produce console output,
* but before that is set up we use LHCALL_NOTIFY on normal memory to produce * but before that is set up we use LHCALL_NOTIFY on normal memory to produce
* console output. */ * console output.
*/
static __init int early_put_chars(u32 vtermno, const char *buf, int count) static __init int early_put_chars(u32 vtermno, const char *buf, int count)
{ {
char scratch[17]; char scratch[17];
unsigned int len = count; unsigned int len = count;
/* We use a nul-terminated string, so we have to make a copy. Icky, /* We use a nul-terminated string, so we make a copy. Icky, huh? */
* huh? */
if (len > sizeof(scratch) - 1) if (len > sizeof(scratch) - 1)
len = sizeof(scratch) - 1; len = sizeof(scratch) - 1;
scratch[len] = '\0'; scratch[len] = '\0';
@ -1021,8 +1118,10 @@ static __init int early_put_chars(u32 vtermno, const char *buf, int count)
return len; return len;
} }
/* Rebooting also tells the Host we're finished, but the RESTART flag tells the /*
* Launcher to reboot us. */ * Rebooting also tells the Host we're finished, but the RESTART flag tells the
* Launcher to reboot us.
*/
static void lguest_restart(char *reason) static void lguest_restart(char *reason)
{ {
kvm_hypercall2(LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, __pa(reason), LGUEST_SHUTDOWN_RESTART); kvm_hypercall2(LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, __pa(reason), LGUEST_SHUTDOWN_RESTART);
@ -1049,7 +1148,8 @@ static void lguest_restart(char *reason)
* fit comfortably. * fit comfortably.
* *
* First we need assembly templates of each of the patchable Guest operations, * First we need assembly templates of each of the patchable Guest operations,
* and these are in i386_head.S. */ * and these are in i386_head.S.
*/
/*G:060 We construct a table from the assembler templates: */ /*G:060 We construct a table from the assembler templates: */
static const struct lguest_insns static const struct lguest_insns
@ -1060,9 +1160,11 @@ static const struct lguest_insns
[PARAVIRT_PATCH(pv_irq_ops.save_fl)] = { lgstart_pushf, lgend_pushf }, [PARAVIRT_PATCH(pv_irq_ops.save_fl)] = { lgstart_pushf, lgend_pushf },
}; };
/* Now our patch routine is fairly simple (based on the native one in /*
* Now our patch routine is fairly simple (based on the native one in
* paravirt.c). If we have a replacement, we copy it in and return how much of * paravirt.c). If we have a replacement, we copy it in and return how much of
* the available space we used. */ * the available space we used.
*/
static unsigned lguest_patch(u8 type, u16 clobber, void *ibuf, static unsigned lguest_patch(u8 type, u16 clobber, void *ibuf,
unsigned long addr, unsigned len) unsigned long addr, unsigned len)
{ {
@ -1074,8 +1176,7 @@ static unsigned lguest_patch(u8 type, u16 clobber, void *ibuf,
insn_len = lguest_insns[type].end - lguest_insns[type].start; insn_len = lguest_insns[type].end - lguest_insns[type].start;
/* Similarly if we can't fit replacement (shouldn't happen, but let's /* Similarly if it can't fit (doesn't happen, but let's be thorough). */
* be thorough). */
if (len < insn_len) if (len < insn_len)
return paravirt_patch_default(type, clobber, ibuf, addr, len); return paravirt_patch_default(type, clobber, ibuf, addr, len);
@ -1084,22 +1185,28 @@ static unsigned lguest_patch(u8 type, u16 clobber, void *ibuf,
return insn_len; return insn_len;
} }
/*G:029 Once we get to lguest_init(), we know we're a Guest. The various /*G:029
* Once we get to lguest_init(), we know we're a Guest. The various
* pv_ops structures in the kernel provide points for (almost) every routine we * pv_ops structures in the kernel provide points for (almost) every routine we
* have to override to avoid privileged instructions. */ * have to override to avoid privileged instructions.
*/
__init void lguest_init(void) __init void lguest_init(void)
{ {
/* We're under lguest, paravirt is enabled, and we're running at /* We're under lguest. */
* privilege level 1, not 0 as normal. */
pv_info.name = "lguest"; pv_info.name = "lguest";
/* Paravirt is enabled. */
pv_info.paravirt_enabled = 1; pv_info.paravirt_enabled = 1;
/* We're running at privilege level 1, not 0 as normal. */
pv_info.kernel_rpl = 1; pv_info.kernel_rpl = 1;
/* Everyone except Xen runs with this set. */
pv_info.shared_kernel_pmd = 1; pv_info.shared_kernel_pmd = 1;
/* We set up all the lguest overrides for sensitive operations. These /*
* are detailed with the operations themselves. */ * We set up all the lguest overrides for sensitive operations. These
* are detailed with the operations themselves.
*/
/* interrupt-related operations */ /* Interrupt-related operations */
pv_irq_ops.init_IRQ = lguest_init_IRQ; pv_irq_ops.init_IRQ = lguest_init_IRQ;
pv_irq_ops.save_fl = PV_CALLEE_SAVE(save_fl); pv_irq_ops.save_fl = PV_CALLEE_SAVE(save_fl);
pv_irq_ops.restore_fl = __PV_IS_CALLEE_SAVE(lg_restore_fl); pv_irq_ops.restore_fl = __PV_IS_CALLEE_SAVE(lg_restore_fl);
@ -1107,11 +1214,11 @@ __init void lguest_init(void)
pv_irq_ops.irq_enable = __PV_IS_CALLEE_SAVE(lg_irq_enable); pv_irq_ops.irq_enable = __PV_IS_CALLEE_SAVE(lg_irq_enable);
pv_irq_ops.safe_halt = lguest_safe_halt; pv_irq_ops.safe_halt = lguest_safe_halt;
/* init-time operations */ /* Setup operations */
pv_init_ops.memory_setup = lguest_memory_setup; pv_init_ops.memory_setup = lguest_memory_setup;
pv_init_ops.patch = lguest_patch; pv_init_ops.patch = lguest_patch;
/* Intercepts of various cpu instructions */ /* Intercepts of various CPU instructions */
pv_cpu_ops.load_gdt = lguest_load_gdt; pv_cpu_ops.load_gdt = lguest_load_gdt;
pv_cpu_ops.cpuid = lguest_cpuid; pv_cpu_ops.cpuid = lguest_cpuid;
pv_cpu_ops.load_idt = lguest_load_idt; pv_cpu_ops.load_idt = lguest_load_idt;
@ -1132,7 +1239,7 @@ __init void lguest_init(void)
pv_cpu_ops.start_context_switch = paravirt_start_context_switch; pv_cpu_ops.start_context_switch = paravirt_start_context_switch;
pv_cpu_ops.end_context_switch = lguest_end_context_switch; pv_cpu_ops.end_context_switch = lguest_end_context_switch;
/* pagetable management */ /* Pagetable management */
pv_mmu_ops.write_cr3 = lguest_write_cr3; pv_mmu_ops.write_cr3 = lguest_write_cr3;
pv_mmu_ops.flush_tlb_user = lguest_flush_tlb_user; pv_mmu_ops.flush_tlb_user = lguest_flush_tlb_user;
pv_mmu_ops.flush_tlb_single = lguest_flush_tlb_single; pv_mmu_ops.flush_tlb_single = lguest_flush_tlb_single;
@ -1154,54 +1261,71 @@ __init void lguest_init(void)
pv_mmu_ops.pte_update_defer = lguest_pte_update; pv_mmu_ops.pte_update_defer = lguest_pte_update;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
/* apic read/write intercepts */ /* APIC read/write intercepts */
set_lguest_basic_apic_ops(); set_lguest_basic_apic_ops();
#endif #endif
/* time operations */ /* Time operations */
pv_time_ops.get_wallclock = lguest_get_wallclock; pv_time_ops.get_wallclock = lguest_get_wallclock;
pv_time_ops.time_init = lguest_time_init; pv_time_ops.time_init = lguest_time_init;
pv_time_ops.get_tsc_khz = lguest_tsc_khz; pv_time_ops.get_tsc_khz = lguest_tsc_khz;
/* Now is a good time to look at the implementations of these functions /*
* before returning to the rest of lguest_init(). */ * Now is a good time to look at the implementations of these functions
* before returning to the rest of lguest_init().
*/
/*G:070 Now we've seen all the paravirt_ops, we return to /*G:070
* Now we've seen all the paravirt_ops, we return to
* lguest_init() where the rest of the fairly chaotic boot setup * lguest_init() where the rest of the fairly chaotic boot setup
* occurs. */ * occurs.
*/
/* The stack protector is a weird thing where gcc places a canary /*
* The stack protector is a weird thing where gcc places a canary
* value on the stack and then checks it on return. This file is * value on the stack and then checks it on return. This file is
* compiled with -fno-stack-protector it, so we got this far without * compiled with -fno-stack-protector it, so we got this far without
* problems. The value of the canary is kept at offset 20 from the * problems. The value of the canary is kept at offset 20 from the
* %gs register, so we need to set that up before calling C functions * %gs register, so we need to set that up before calling C functions
* in other files. */ * in other files.
*/
setup_stack_canary_segment(0); setup_stack_canary_segment(0);
/* We could just call load_stack_canary_segment(), but we might as
* call switch_to_new_gdt() which loads the whole table and sets up /*
* the per-cpu segment descriptor register %fs as well. */ * We could just call load_stack_canary_segment(), but we might as well
* call switch_to_new_gdt() which loads the whole table and sets up the
* per-cpu segment descriptor register %fs as well.
*/
switch_to_new_gdt(0); switch_to_new_gdt(0);
/* As described in head_32.S, we map the first 128M of memory. */ /* As described in head_32.S, we map the first 128M of memory. */
max_pfn_mapped = (128*1024*1024) >> PAGE_SHIFT; max_pfn_mapped = (128*1024*1024) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/* The Host<->Guest Switcher lives at the top of our address space, and /*
* The Host<->Guest Switcher lives at the top of our address space, and
* the Host told us how big it is when we made LGUEST_INIT hypercall: * the Host told us how big it is when we made LGUEST_INIT hypercall:
* it put the answer in lguest_data.reserve_mem */ * it put the answer in lguest_data.reserve_mem
*/
reserve_top_address(lguest_data.reserve_mem); reserve_top_address(lguest_data.reserve_mem);
/* If we don't initialize the lock dependency checker now, it crashes /*
* paravirt_disable_iospace. */ * If we don't initialize the lock dependency checker now, it crashes
* paravirt_disable_iospace.
*/
lockdep_init(); lockdep_init();
/* The IDE code spends about 3 seconds probing for disks: if we reserve /*
* The IDE code spends about 3 seconds probing for disks: if we reserve
* all the I/O ports up front it can't get them and so doesn't probe. * all the I/O ports up front it can't get them and so doesn't probe.
* Other device drivers are similar (but less severe). This cuts the * Other device drivers are similar (but less severe). This cuts the
* kernel boot time on my machine from 4.1 seconds to 0.45 seconds. */ * kernel boot time on my machine from 4.1 seconds to 0.45 seconds.
*/
paravirt_disable_iospace(); paravirt_disable_iospace();
/* This is messy CPU setup stuff which the native boot code does before /*
* start_kernel, so we have to do, too: */ * This is messy CPU setup stuff which the native boot code does before
* start_kernel, so we have to do, too:
*/
cpu_detect(&new_cpu_data); cpu_detect(&new_cpu_data);
/* head.S usually sets up the first capability word, so do it here. */ /* head.S usually sets up the first capability word, so do it here. */
new_cpu_data.x86_capability[0] = cpuid_edx(1); new_cpu_data.x86_capability[0] = cpuid_edx(1);
@ -1218,22 +1342,28 @@ __init void lguest_init(void)
acpi_ht = 0; acpi_ht = 0;
#endif #endif
/* We set the preferred console to "hvc". This is the "hypervisor /*
* We set the preferred console to "hvc". This is the "hypervisor
* virtual console" driver written by the PowerPC people, which we also * virtual console" driver written by the PowerPC people, which we also
* adapted for lguest's use. */ * adapted for lguest's use.
*/
add_preferred_console("hvc", 0, NULL); add_preferred_console("hvc", 0, NULL);
/* Register our very early console. */ /* Register our very early console. */
virtio_cons_early_init(early_put_chars); virtio_cons_early_init(early_put_chars);
/* Last of all, we set the power management poweroff hook to point to /*
* Last of all, we set the power management poweroff hook to point to
* the Guest routine to power off, and the reboot hook to our restart * the Guest routine to power off, and the reboot hook to our restart
* routine. */ * routine.
*/
pm_power_off = lguest_power_off; pm_power_off = lguest_power_off;
machine_ops.restart = lguest_restart; machine_ops.restart = lguest_restart;
/* Now we're set up, call i386_start_kernel() in head32.c and we proceed /*
* to boot as normal. It never returns. */ * Now we're set up, call i386_start_kernel() in head32.c and we proceed
* to boot as normal. It never returns.
*/
i386_start_kernel(); i386_start_kernel();
} }
/* /*

110
arch/x86/lguest/i386_head.S
View file

@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
#include <asm/thread_info.h> #include <asm/thread_info.h>
#include <asm/processor-flags.h> #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
/*G:020 Our story starts with the kernel booting into startup_32 in /*G:020
* Our story starts with the kernel booting into startup_32 in
* arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. It expects a boot header, which is created by * arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. It expects a boot header, which is created by
* the bootloader (the Launcher in our case). * the bootloader (the Launcher in our case).
* *
@ -21,11 +22,14 @@
* data without remembering to subtract __PAGE_OFFSET! * data without remembering to subtract __PAGE_OFFSET!
* *
* The .section line puts this code in .init.text so it will be discarded after * The .section line puts this code in .init.text so it will be discarded after
* boot. */ * boot.
*/
.section .init.text, "ax", @progbits .section .init.text, "ax", @progbits
ENTRY(lguest_entry) ENTRY(lguest_entry)
/* We make the "initialization" hypercall now to tell the Host about /*
* us, and also find out where it put our page tables. */ * We make the "initialization" hypercall now to tell the Host about
* us, and also find out where it put our page tables.
*/
movl $LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT, %eax movl $LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT, %eax
movl $lguest_data - __PAGE_OFFSET, %ebx movl $lguest_data - __PAGE_OFFSET, %ebx
.byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */ .byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */
@ -33,13 +37,14 @@ ENTRY(lguest_entry)
/* Set up the initial stack so we can run C code. */ /* Set up the initial stack so we can run C code. */
movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp
/* Jumps are relative, and we're running __PAGE_OFFSET too low at the /* Jumps are relative: we're running __PAGE_OFFSET too low. */
* moment. */
jmp lguest_init+__PAGE_OFFSET jmp lguest_init+__PAGE_OFFSET
/*G:055 We create a macro which puts the assembler code between lgstart_ and /*G:055
* lgend_ markers. These templates are put in the .text section: they can't be * We create a macro which puts the assembler code between lgstart_ and lgend_
* discarded after boot as we may need to patch modules, too. */ * markers. These templates are put in the .text section: they can't be
* discarded after boot as we may need to patch modules, too.
*/
.text .text
#define LGUEST_PATCH(name, insns...) \ #define LGUEST_PATCH(name, insns...) \
lgstart_##name: insns; lgend_##name:; \ lgstart_##name: insns; lgend_##name:; \
@ -48,58 +53,74 @@ ENTRY(lguest_entry)
LGUEST_PATCH(cli, movl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled) LGUEST_PATCH(cli, movl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled)
LGUEST_PATCH(pushf, movl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled, %eax) LGUEST_PATCH(pushf, movl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled, %eax)
/*G:033 But using those wrappers is inefficient (we'll see why that doesn't /*G:033
* matter for save_fl and irq_disable later). If we write our routines * But using those wrappers is inefficient (we'll see why that doesn't matter
* carefully in assembler, we can avoid clobbering any registers and avoid * for save_fl and irq_disable later). If we write our routines carefully in
* jumping through the wrapper functions. * assembler, we can avoid clobbering any registers and avoid jumping through
* the wrapper functions.
* *
* I skipped over our first piece of assembler, but this one is worth studying * I skipped over our first piece of assembler, but this one is worth studying
* in a bit more detail so I'll describe in easy stages. First, the routine * in a bit more detail so I'll describe in easy stages. First, the routine to
* to enable interrupts: */ * enable interrupts:
*/
ENTRY(lg_irq_enable) ENTRY(lg_irq_enable)
/* The reverse of irq_disable, this sets lguest_data.irq_enabled to /*
* X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. "Interrupts enabled"). */ * The reverse of irq_disable, this sets lguest_data.irq_enabled to
* X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. "Interrupts enabled").
*/
movl $X86_EFLAGS_IF, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled movl $X86_EFLAGS_IF, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
/* But now we need to check if the Host wants to know: there might have /*
* But now we need to check if the Host wants to know: there might have
* been interrupts waiting to be delivered, in which case it will have * been interrupts waiting to be delivered, in which case it will have
* set lguest_data.irq_pending to X86_EFLAGS_IF. If it's not zero, we * set lguest_data.irq_pending to X86_EFLAGS_IF. If it's not zero, we
* jump to send_interrupts, otherwise we're done. */ * jump to send_interrupts, otherwise we're done.
*/
testl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending testl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending
jnz send_interrupts jnz send_interrupts
/* One cool thing about x86 is that you can do many things without using /*
* One cool thing about x86 is that you can do many things without using
* a register. In this case, the normal path hasn't needed to save or * a register. In this case, the normal path hasn't needed to save or
* restore any registers at all! */ * restore any registers at all!
*/
ret ret
send_interrupts: send_interrupts:
/* OK, now we need a register: eax is used for the hypercall number, /*
* OK, now we need a register: eax is used for the hypercall number,
* which is LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS. * which is LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS.
* *
* We used not to bother with this pending detection at all, which was * We used not to bother with this pending detection at all, which was
* much simpler. Sooner or later the Host would realize it had to * much simpler. Sooner or later the Host would realize it had to
* send us an interrupt. But that turns out to make performance 7 * send us an interrupt. But that turns out to make performance 7
* times worse on a simple tcp benchmark. So now we do this the hard * times worse on a simple tcp benchmark. So now we do this the hard
* way. */ * way.
*/
pushl %eax pushl %eax
movl $LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS, %eax movl $LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS, %eax
/* This is a vmcall instruction (same thing that KVM uses). Older /*
* This is a vmcall instruction (same thing that KVM uses). Older
* assembler versions might not know the "vmcall" instruction, so we * assembler versions might not know the "vmcall" instruction, so we
* create one manually here. */ * create one manually here.
*/
.byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */ .byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */
popl %eax popl %eax
ret ret
/* Finally, the "popf" or "restore flags" routine. The %eax register holds the /*
* Finally, the "popf" or "restore flags" routine. The %eax register holds the
* flags (in practice, either X86_EFLAGS_IF or 0): if it's X86_EFLAGS_IF we're * flags (in practice, either X86_EFLAGS_IF or 0): if it's X86_EFLAGS_IF we're
* enabling interrupts again, if it's 0 we're leaving them off. */ * enabling interrupts again, if it's 0 we're leaving them off.
*/
ENTRY(lg_restore_fl) ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
/* This is just "lguest_data.irq_enabled = flags;" */ /* This is just "lguest_data.irq_enabled = flags;" */
movl %eax, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled movl %eax, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
/* Now, if the %eax value has enabled interrupts and /*
* Now, if the %eax value has enabled interrupts and
* lguest_data.irq_pending is set, we want to tell the Host so it can * lguest_data.irq_pending is set, we want to tell the Host so it can
* deliver any outstanding interrupts. Fortunately, both values will * deliver any outstanding interrupts. Fortunately, both values will
* be X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. 512) in that case, and the "testl" * be X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. 512) in that case, and the "testl"
* instruction will AND them together for us. If both are set, we * instruction will AND them together for us. If both are set, we
* jump to send_interrupts. */ * jump to send_interrupts.
*/
testl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending, %eax testl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending, %eax
jnz send_interrupts jnz send_interrupts
/* Again, the normal path has used no extra registers. Clever, huh? */ /* Again, the normal path has used no extra registers. Clever, huh? */
@ -109,22 +130,24 @@ ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
.global lguest_noirq_start .global lguest_noirq_start
.global lguest_noirq_end .global lguest_noirq_end
/*M:004 When the Host reflects a trap or injects an interrupt into the Guest, /*M:004
* it sets the eflags interrupt bit on the stack based on * When the Host reflects a trap or injects an interrupt into the Guest, it
* lguest_data.irq_enabled, so the Guest iret logic does the right thing when * sets the eflags interrupt bit on the stack based on lguest_data.irq_enabled,
* restoring it. However, when the Host sets the Guest up for direct traps, * so the Guest iret logic does the right thing when restoring it. However,
* such as system calls, the processor is the one to push eflags onto the * when the Host sets the Guest up for direct traps, such as system calls, the
* stack, and the interrupt bit will be 1 (in reality, interrupts are always * processor is the one to push eflags onto the stack, and the interrupt bit
* enabled in the Guest). * will be 1 (in reality, interrupts are always enabled in the Guest).
* *
* This turns out to be harmless: the only trap which should happen under Linux * This turns out to be harmless: the only trap which should happen under Linux
* with interrupts disabled is Page Fault (due to our lazy mapping of vmalloc * with interrupts disabled is Page Fault (due to our lazy mapping of vmalloc
* regions), which has to be reflected through the Host anyway. If another * regions), which has to be reflected through the Host anyway. If another
* trap *does* go off when interrupts are disabled, the Guest will panic, and * trap *does* go off when interrupts are disabled, the Guest will panic, and
* we'll never get to this iret! :*/ * we'll never get to this iret!
:*/
/*G:045 There is one final paravirt_op that the Guest implements, and glancing /*G:045
* at it you can see why I left it to last. It's *cool*! It's in *assembler*! * There is one final paravirt_op that the Guest implements, and glancing at it
* you can see why I left it to last. It's *cool*! It's in *assembler*!
* *
* The "iret" instruction is used to return from an interrupt or trap. The * The "iret" instruction is used to return from an interrupt or trap. The
* stack looks like this: * stack looks like this:
@ -148,15 +171,18 @@ ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
* return to userspace or wherever. Our solution to this is to surround the * return to userspace or wherever. Our solution to this is to surround the
* code with lguest_noirq_start: and lguest_noirq_end: labels. We tell the * code with lguest_noirq_start: and lguest_noirq_end: labels. We tell the
* Host that it is *never* to interrupt us there, even if interrupts seem to be * Host that it is *never* to interrupt us there, even if interrupts seem to be
* enabled. */ * enabled.
*/
ENTRY(lguest_iret) ENTRY(lguest_iret)
pushl %eax pushl %eax
movl 12(%esp), %eax movl 12(%esp), %eax
lguest_noirq_start: lguest_noirq_start:
/* Note the %ss: segment prefix here. Normal data accesses use the /*
* Note the %ss: segment prefix here. Normal data accesses use the
* "ds" segment, but that will have already been restored for whatever * "ds" segment, but that will have already been restored for whatever
* we're returning to (such as userspace): we can't trust it. The %ss: * we're returning to (such as userspace): we can't trust it. The %ss:
* prefix makes sure we use the stack segment, which is still valid. */ * prefix makes sure we use the stack segment, which is still valid.
*/
movl %eax,%ss:lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled movl %eax,%ss:lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
popl %eax popl %eax
iret iret

114
drivers/lguest/core.c
View file

@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
/*P:400 This contains run_guest() which actually calls into the Host<->Guest /*P:400
* This contains run_guest() which actually calls into the Host<->Guest
* Switcher and analyzes the return, such as determining if the Guest wants the * Switcher and analyzes the return, such as determining if the Guest wants the
* Host to do something. This file also contains useful helper routines. :*/ * Host to do something. This file also contains useful helper routines.
:*/
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h> #include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h> #include <linux/stddef.h>
@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ static struct page **switcher_page;
/* This One Big lock protects all inter-guest data structures. */ /* This One Big lock protects all inter-guest data structures. */
DEFINE_MUTEX(lguest_lock); DEFINE_MUTEX(lguest_lock);
/*H:010 We need to set up the Switcher at a high virtual address. Remember the /*H:010
* We need to set up the Switcher at a high virtual address. Remember the
* Switcher is a few hundred bytes of assembler code which actually changes the * Switcher is a few hundred bytes of assembler code which actually changes the
* CPU to run the Guest, and then changes back to the Host when a trap or * CPU to run the Guest, and then changes back to the Host when a trap or
* interrupt happens. * interrupt happens.
@ -33,7 +36,8 @@ DEFINE_MUTEX(lguest_lock);
* Host since it will be running as the switchover occurs. * Host since it will be running as the switchover occurs.
* *
* Trying to map memory at a particular address is an unusual thing to do, so * Trying to map memory at a particular address is an unusual thing to do, so
* it's not a simple one-liner. */ * it's not a simple one-liner.
*/
static __init int map_switcher(void) static __init int map_switcher(void)
{ {
int i, err; int i, err;
@ -47,8 +51,10 @@ static __init int map_switcher(void)
* easy. * easy.
*/ */
/* We allocate an array of struct page pointers. map_vm_area() wants /*
* this, rather than just an array of pages. */ * We allocate an array of struct page pointers. map_vm_area() wants
* this, rather than just an array of pages.
*/
switcher_page = kmalloc(sizeof(switcher_page[0])*TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES, switcher_page = kmalloc(sizeof(switcher_page[0])*TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES,
GFP_KERNEL); GFP_KERNEL);
if (!switcher_page) { if (!switcher_page) {
@ -56,8 +62,10 @@ static __init int map_switcher(void)
goto out; goto out;
} }
/* Now we actually allocate the pages. The Guest will see these pages, /*
* so we make sure they're zeroed. */ * Now we actually allocate the pages. The Guest will see these pages,
* so we make sure they're zeroed.
*/
for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES; i++) { for (i = 0; i < TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES; i++) {
unsigned long addr = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL); unsigned long addr = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!addr) { if (!addr) {
@ -67,19 +75,23 @@ static __init int map_switcher(void)
switcher_page[i] = virt_to_page(addr); switcher_page[i] = virt_to_page(addr);
} }
/* First we check that the Switcher won't overlap the fixmap area at /*
* First we check that the Switcher won't overlap the fixmap area at
* the top of memory. It's currently nowhere near, but it could have * the top of memory. It's currently nowhere near, but it could have
* very strange effects if it ever happened. */ * very strange effects if it ever happened.
*/
if (SWITCHER_ADDR + (TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES+1)*PAGE_SIZE > FIXADDR_START){ if (SWITCHER_ADDR + (TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES+1)*PAGE_SIZE > FIXADDR_START){
err = -ENOMEM; err = -ENOMEM;
printk("lguest: mapping switcher would thwack fixmap\n"); printk("lguest: mapping switcher would thwack fixmap\n");
goto free_pages; goto free_pages;
} }
/* Now we reserve the "virtual memory area" we want: 0xFFC00000 /*
* Now we reserve the "virtual memory area" we want: 0xFFC00000
* (SWITCHER_ADDR). We might not get it in theory, but in practice * (SWITCHER_ADDR). We might not get it in theory, but in practice
* it's worked so far. The end address needs +1 because __get_vm_area * it's worked so far. The end address needs +1 because __get_vm_area
* allocates an extra guard page, so we need space for that. */ * allocates an extra guard page, so we need space for that.
*/
switcher_vma = __get_vm_area(TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE, switcher_vma = __get_vm_area(TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE,
VM_ALLOC, SWITCHER_ADDR, SWITCHER_ADDR VM_ALLOC, SWITCHER_ADDR, SWITCHER_ADDR
+ (TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES+1) * PAGE_SIZE); + (TOTAL_SWITCHER_PAGES+1) * PAGE_SIZE);
@ -89,11 +101,13 @@ static __init int map_switcher(void)
goto free_pages; goto free_pages;
} }
/* This code actually sets up the pages we've allocated to appear at /*
* This code actually sets up the pages we've allocated to appear at
* SWITCHER_ADDR. map_vm_area() takes the vma we allocated above, the * SWITCHER_ADDR. map_vm_area() takes the vma we allocated above, the
* kind of pages we're mapping (kernel pages), and a pointer to our * kind of pages we're mapping (kernel pages), and a pointer to our
* array of struct pages. It increments that pointer, but we don't * array of struct pages. It increments that pointer, but we don't
* care. */ * care.
*/
pagep = switcher_page; pagep = switcher_page;
err = map_vm_area(switcher_vma, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, &pagep); err = map_vm_area(switcher_vma, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, &pagep);
if (err) { if (err) {
@ -101,8 +115,10 @@ static __init int map_switcher(void)
goto free_vma; goto free_vma;
} }
/* Now the Switcher is mapped at the right address, we can't fail! /*
* Copy in the compiled-in Switcher code (from <arch>_switcher.S). */ * Now the Switcher is mapped at the right address, we can't fail!
* Copy in the compiled-in Switcher code (from <arch>_switcher.S).
*/
memcpy(switcher_vma->addr, start_switcher_text, memcpy(switcher_vma->addr, start_switcher_text,
end_switcher_text - start_switcher_text); end_switcher_text - start_switcher_text);
@ -124,8 +140,7 @@ out:
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/* Cleaning up the mapping when the module is unloaded is almost... /* Cleaning up the mapping when the module is unloaded is almost... too easy. */
* too easy. */
static void unmap_switcher(void) static void unmap_switcher(void)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -151,16 +166,19 @@ static void unmap_switcher(void)
* But we can't trust the Guest: it might be trying to access the Launcher * But we can't trust the Guest: it might be trying to access the Launcher
* code. We have to check that the range is below the pfn_limit the Launcher * code. We have to check that the range is below the pfn_limit the Launcher
* gave us. We have to make sure that addr + len doesn't give us a false * gave us. We have to make sure that addr + len doesn't give us a false
* positive by overflowing, too. */ * positive by overflowing, too.
*/
bool lguest_address_ok(const struct lguest *lg, bool lguest_address_ok(const struct lguest *lg,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long len) unsigned long addr, unsigned long len)
{ {
return (addr+len) / PAGE_SIZE < lg->pfn_limit && (addr+len >= addr); return (addr+len) / PAGE_SIZE < lg->pfn_limit && (addr+len >= addr);
} }
/* This routine copies memory from the Guest. Here we can see how useful the /*
* This routine copies memory from the Guest. Here we can see how useful the
* kill_lguest() routine we met in the Launcher can be: we return a random * kill_lguest() routine we met in the Launcher can be: we return a random
* value (all zeroes) instead of needing to return an error. */ * value (all zeroes) instead of needing to return an error.
*/
void __lgread(struct lg_cpu *cpu, void *b, unsigned long addr, unsigned bytes) void __lgread(struct lg_cpu *cpu, void *b, unsigned long addr, unsigned bytes)
{ {
if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, addr, bytes) if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, addr, bytes)
@ -181,9 +199,11 @@ void __lgwrite(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long addr, const void *b,
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*H:030 Let's jump straight to the the main loop which runs the Guest. /*H:030
* Let's jump straight to the the main loop which runs the Guest.
* Remember, this is called by the Launcher reading /dev/lguest, and we keep * Remember, this is called by the Launcher reading /dev/lguest, and we keep
* going around and around until something interesting happens. */ * going around and around until something interesting happens.
*/
int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user) int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user)
{ {
/* We stop running once the Guest is dead. */ /* We stop running once the Guest is dead. */
@ -195,8 +215,10 @@ int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user)
if (cpu->hcall) if (cpu->hcall)
do_hypercalls(cpu); do_hypercalls(cpu);
/* It's possible the Guest did a NOTIFY hypercall to the /*
* Launcher, in which case we return from the read() now. */ * It's possible the Guest did a NOTIFY hypercall to the
* Launcher, in which case we return from the read() now.
*/
if (cpu->pending_notify) { if (cpu->pending_notify) {
if (!send_notify_to_eventfd(cpu)) { if (!send_notify_to_eventfd(cpu)) {
if (put_user(cpu->pending_notify, user)) if (put_user(cpu->pending_notify, user))
@ -209,29 +231,39 @@ int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user)
if (signal_pending(current)) if (signal_pending(current))
return -ERESTARTSYS; return -ERESTARTSYS;
/* Check if there are any interrupts which can be delivered now: /*
* Check if there are any interrupts which can be delivered now:
* if so, this sets up the hander to be executed when we next * if so, this sets up the hander to be executed when we next
* run the Guest. */ * run the Guest.
*/
irq = interrupt_pending(cpu, &more); irq = interrupt_pending(cpu, &more);
if (irq < LGUEST_IRQS) if (irq < LGUEST_IRQS)
try_deliver_interrupt(cpu, irq, more); try_deliver_interrupt(cpu, irq, more);
/* All long-lived kernel loops need to check with this horrible /*
* All long-lived kernel loops need to check with this horrible
* thing called the freezer. If the Host is trying to suspend, * thing called the freezer. If the Host is trying to suspend,
* it stops us. */ * it stops us.
*/
try_to_freeze(); try_to_freeze();
/* Just make absolutely sure the Guest is still alive. One of /*
* those hypercalls could have been fatal, for example. */ * Just make absolutely sure the Guest is still alive. One of
* those hypercalls could have been fatal, for example.
*/
if (cpu->lg->dead) if (cpu->lg->dead)
break; break;
/* If the Guest asked to be stopped, we sleep. The Guest's /*
* clock timer will wake us. */ * If the Guest asked to be stopped, we sleep. The Guest's
* clock timer will wake us.
*/
if (cpu->halted) { if (cpu->halted) {
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
/* Just before we sleep, make sure no interrupt snuck in /*
* which we should be doing. */ * Just before we sleep, make sure no interrupt snuck in
* which we should be doing.
*/
if (interrupt_pending(cpu, &more) < LGUEST_IRQS) if (interrupt_pending(cpu, &more) < LGUEST_IRQS)
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
else else
@ -239,8 +271,10 @@ int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user)
continue; continue;
} }
/* OK, now we're ready to jump into the Guest. First we put up /*
* the "Do Not Disturb" sign: */ * OK, now we're ready to jump into the Guest. First we put up
* the "Do Not Disturb" sign:
*/
local_irq_disable(); local_irq_disable();
/* Actually run the Guest until something happens. */ /* Actually run the Guest until something happens. */
@ -327,8 +361,10 @@ static void __exit fini(void)
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/* The Host side of lguest can be a module. This is a nice way for people to /*
* play with it. */ * The Host side of lguest can be a module. This is a nice way for people to
* play with it.
*/
module_init(init); module_init(init);
module_exit(fini); module_exit(fini);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

141
drivers/lguest/hypercalls.c
View file

@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
/*P:500 Just as userspace programs request kernel operations through a system /*P:500
* Just as userspace programs request kernel operations through a system
* call, the Guest requests Host operations through a "hypercall". You might * call, the Guest requests Host operations through a "hypercall". You might
* notice this nomenclature doesn't really follow any logic, but the name has * notice this nomenclature doesn't really follow any logic, but the name has
* been around for long enough that we're stuck with it. As you'd expect, this * been around for long enough that we're stuck with it. As you'd expect, this
* code is basically a one big switch statement. :*/ * code is basically a one big switch statement.
:*/
/* Copyright (C) 2006 Rusty Russell IBM Corporation /* Copyright (C) 2006 Rusty Russell IBM Corporation
@ -28,30 +30,41 @@
#include <asm/pgtable.h> #include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include "lg.h" #include "lg.h"
/*H:120 This is the core hypercall routine: where the Guest gets what it wants. /*H:120
* Or gets killed. Or, in the case of LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, both. */ * This is the core hypercall routine: where the Guest gets what it wants.
* Or gets killed. Or, in the case of LHCALL_SHUTDOWN, both.
*/
static void do_hcall(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct hcall_args *args) static void do_hcall(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct hcall_args *args)
{ {
switch (args->arg0) { switch (args->arg0) {
case LHCALL_FLUSH_ASYNC: case LHCALL_FLUSH_ASYNC:
/* This call does nothing, except by breaking out of the Guest /*
* it makes us process all the asynchronous hypercalls. */ * This call does nothing, except by breaking out of the Guest
* it makes us process all the asynchronous hypercalls.
*/
break; break;
case LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS: case LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS:
/* This call does nothing too, but by breaking out of the Guest /*
* it makes us process any pending interrupts. */ * This call does nothing too, but by breaking out of the Guest
* it makes us process any pending interrupts.
*/
break; break;
case LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT: case LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT:
/* You can't get here unless you're already initialized. Don't /*
* do that. */ * You can't get here unless you're already initialized. Don't
* do that.
*/
kill_guest(cpu, "already have lguest_data"); kill_guest(cpu, "already have lguest_data");
break; break;
case LHCALL_SHUTDOWN: { case LHCALL_SHUTDOWN: {
/* Shutdown is such a trivial hypercall that we do it in four
* lines right here. */
char msg[128]; char msg[128];
/* If the lgread fails, it will call kill_guest() itself; the /*
* kill_guest() with the message will be ignored. */ * Shutdown is such a trivial hypercall that we do it in four
* lines right here.
*
* If the lgread fails, it will call kill_guest() itself; the
* kill_guest() with the message will be ignored.
*/
__lgread(cpu, msg, args->arg1, sizeof(msg)); __lgread(cpu, msg, args->arg1, sizeof(msg));
msg[sizeof(msg)-1] = '\0'; msg[sizeof(msg)-1] = '\0';
kill_guest(cpu, "CRASH: %s", msg); kill_guest(cpu, "CRASH: %s", msg);
@ -60,16 +73,17 @@ static void do_hcall(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct hcall_args *args)
break; break;
} }
case LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB: case LHCALL_FLUSH_TLB:
/* FLUSH_TLB comes in two flavors, depending on the /* FLUSH_TLB comes in two flavors, depending on the argument: */
* argument: */
if (args->arg1) if (args->arg1)
guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu); guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu);
else else
guest_pagetable_flush_user(cpu); guest_pagetable_flush_user(cpu);
break; break;
/* All these calls simply pass the arguments through to the right /*
* routines. */ * All these calls simply pass the arguments through to the right
* routines.
*/
case LHCALL_NEW_PGTABLE: case LHCALL_NEW_PGTABLE:
guest_new_pagetable(cpu, args->arg1); guest_new_pagetable(cpu, args->arg1);
break; break;
@ -112,15 +126,16 @@ static void do_hcall(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct hcall_args *args)
kill_guest(cpu, "Bad hypercall %li\n", args->arg0); kill_guest(cpu, "Bad hypercall %li\n", args->arg0);
} }
} }
/*:*/
/*H:124 Asynchronous hypercalls are easy: we just look in the array in the /*H:124
* Asynchronous hypercalls are easy: we just look in the array in the
* Guest's "struct lguest_data" to see if any new ones are marked "ready". * Guest's "struct lguest_data" to see if any new ones are marked "ready".
* *
* We are careful to do these in order: obviously we respect the order the * We are careful to do these in order: obviously we respect the order the
* Guest put them in the ring, but we also promise the Guest that they will * Guest put them in the ring, but we also promise the Guest that they will
* happen before any normal hypercall (which is why we check this before * happen before any normal hypercall (which is why we check this before
* checking for a normal hcall). */ * checking for a normal hcall).
*/
static void do_async_hcalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu) static void do_async_hcalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -133,22 +148,28 @@ static void do_async_hcalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
/* We process "struct lguest_data"s hcalls[] ring once. */ /* We process "struct lguest_data"s hcalls[] ring once. */
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(st); i++) { for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(st); i++) {
struct hcall_args args; struct hcall_args args;
/* We remember where we were up to from last time. This makes /*
* We remember where we were up to from last time. This makes
* sure that the hypercalls are done in the order the Guest * sure that the hypercalls are done in the order the Guest
* places them in the ring. */ * places them in the ring.
*/
unsigned int n = cpu->next_hcall; unsigned int n = cpu->next_hcall;
/* 0xFF means there's no call here (yet). */ /* 0xFF means there's no call here (yet). */
if (st[n] == 0xFF) if (st[n] == 0xFF)
break; break;
/* OK, we have hypercall. Increment the "next_hcall" cursor, /*
* and wrap back to 0 if we reach the end. */ * OK, we have hypercall. Increment the "next_hcall" cursor,
* and wrap back to 0 if we reach the end.
*/
if (++cpu->next_hcall == LHCALL_RING_SIZE) if (++cpu->next_hcall == LHCALL_RING_SIZE)
cpu->next_hcall = 0; cpu->next_hcall = 0;
/* Copy the hypercall arguments into a local copy of /*
* the hcall_args struct. */ * Copy the hypercall arguments into a local copy of the
* hcall_args struct.
*/
if (copy_from_user(&args, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->hcalls[n], if (copy_from_user(&args, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->hcalls[n],
sizeof(struct hcall_args))) { sizeof(struct hcall_args))) {
kill_guest(cpu, "Fetching async hypercalls"); kill_guest(cpu, "Fetching async hypercalls");
@ -164,19 +185,25 @@ static void do_async_hcalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
break; break;
} }
/* Stop doing hypercalls if they want to notify the Launcher: /*
* it needs to service this first. */ * Stop doing hypercalls if they want to notify the Launcher:
* it needs to service this first.
*/
if (cpu->pending_notify) if (cpu->pending_notify)
break; break;
} }
} }
/* Last of all, we look at what happens first of all. The very first time the /*
* Guest makes a hypercall, we end up here to set things up: */ * Last of all, we look at what happens first of all. The very first time the
* Guest makes a hypercall, we end up here to set things up:
*/
static void initialize(struct lg_cpu *cpu) static void initialize(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
/* You can't do anything until you're initialized. The Guest knows the /*
* rules, so we're unforgiving here. */ * You can't do anything until you're initialized. The Guest knows the
* rules, so we're unforgiving here.
*/
if (cpu->hcall->arg0 != LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT) { if (cpu->hcall->arg0 != LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT) {
kill_guest(cpu, "hypercall %li before INIT", cpu->hcall->arg0); kill_guest(cpu, "hypercall %li before INIT", cpu->hcall->arg0);
return; return;
@ -185,32 +212,40 @@ static void initialize(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
if (lguest_arch_init_hypercalls(cpu)) if (lguest_arch_init_hypercalls(cpu))
kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data); kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data);
/* The Guest tells us where we're not to deliver interrupts by putting /*
* the range of addresses into "struct lguest_data". */ * The Guest tells us where we're not to deliver interrupts by putting
* the range of addresses into "struct lguest_data".
*/
if (get_user(cpu->lg->noirq_start, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->noirq_start) if (get_user(cpu->lg->noirq_start, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->noirq_start)
|| get_user(cpu->lg->noirq_end, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->noirq_end)) || get_user(cpu->lg->noirq_end, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->noirq_end))
kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data); kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data);
/* We write the current time into the Guest's data page once so it can /*
* set its clock. */ * We write the current time into the Guest's data page once so it can
* set its clock.
*/
write_timestamp(cpu); write_timestamp(cpu);
/* page_tables.c will also do some setup. */ /* page_tables.c will also do some setup. */
page_table_guest_data_init(cpu); page_table_guest_data_init(cpu);
/* This is the one case where the above accesses might have been the /*
* This is the one case where the above accesses might have been the
* first write to a Guest page. This may have caused a copy-on-write * first write to a Guest page. This may have caused a copy-on-write
* fault, but the old page might be (read-only) in the Guest * fault, but the old page might be (read-only) in the Guest
* pagetable. */ * pagetable.
*/
guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu); guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu);
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*M:013 If a Guest reads from a page (so creates a mapping) that it has never /*M:013
* If a Guest reads from a page (so creates a mapping) that it has never
* written to, and then the Launcher writes to it (ie. the output of a virtual * written to, and then the Launcher writes to it (ie. the output of a virtual
* device), the Guest will still see the old page. In practice, this never * device), the Guest will still see the old page. In practice, this never
* happens: why would the Guest read a page which it has never written to? But * happens: why would the Guest read a page which it has never written to? But
* a similar scenario might one day bite us, so it's worth mentioning. :*/ * a similar scenario might one day bite us, so it's worth mentioning.
:*/
/*H:100 /*H:100
* Hypercalls * Hypercalls
@ -229,17 +264,22 @@ void do_hypercalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
return; return;
} }
/* The Guest has initialized. /*
* The Guest has initialized.
* *
* Look in the hypercall ring for the async hypercalls: */ * Look in the hypercall ring for the async hypercalls:
*/
do_async_hcalls(cpu); do_async_hcalls(cpu);
/* If we stopped reading the hypercall ring because the Guest did a /*
* If we stopped reading the hypercall ring because the Guest did a
* NOTIFY to the Launcher, we want to return now. Otherwise we do * NOTIFY to the Launcher, we want to return now. Otherwise we do
* the hypercall. */ * the hypercall.
*/
if (!cpu->pending_notify) { if (!cpu->pending_notify) {
do_hcall(cpu, cpu->hcall); do_hcall(cpu, cpu->hcall);
/* Tricky point: we reset the hcall pointer to mark the /*
* Tricky point: we reset the hcall pointer to mark the
* hypercall as "done". We use the hcall pointer rather than * hypercall as "done". We use the hcall pointer rather than
* the trap number to indicate a hypercall is pending. * the trap number to indicate a hypercall is pending.
* Normally it doesn't matter: the Guest will run again and * Normally it doesn't matter: the Guest will run again and
@ -248,13 +288,16 @@ void do_hypercalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
* However, if we are signalled or the Guest sends I/O to the * However, if we are signalled or the Guest sends I/O to the
* Launcher, the run_guest() loop will exit without running the * Launcher, the run_guest() loop will exit without running the
* Guest. When it comes back it would try to re-run the * Guest. When it comes back it would try to re-run the
* hypercall. Finding that bug sucked. */ * hypercall. Finding that bug sucked.
*/
cpu->hcall = NULL; cpu->hcall = NULL;
} }
} }
/* This routine supplies the Guest with time: it's used for wallclock time at /*
* initial boot and as a rough time source if the TSC isn't available. */ * This routine supplies the Guest with time: it's used for wallclock time at
* initial boot and as a rough time source if the TSC isn't available.
*/
void write_timestamp(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void write_timestamp(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
struct timespec now; struct timespec now;

288
drivers/lguest/interrupts_and_traps.c
View file

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
/*P:800 Interrupts (traps) are complicated enough to earn their own file. /*P:800
* Interrupts (traps) are complicated enough to earn their own file.
* There are three classes of interrupts: * There are three classes of interrupts:
* *
* 1) Real hardware interrupts which occur while we're running the Guest, * 1) Real hardware interrupts which occur while we're running the Guest,
@ -10,7 +11,8 @@
* just like real hardware would deliver them. Traps from the Guest can be set * just like real hardware would deliver them. Traps from the Guest can be set
* up to go directly back into the Guest, but sometimes the Host wants to see * up to go directly back into the Guest, but sometimes the Host wants to see
* them first, so we also have a way of "reflecting" them into the Guest as if * them first, so we also have a way of "reflecting" them into the Guest as if
* they had been delivered to it directly. :*/ * they had been delivered to it directly.
:*/
#include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/module.h>
@ -26,8 +28,10 @@ static unsigned long idt_address(u32 lo, u32 hi)
return (lo & 0x0000FFFF) | (hi & 0xFFFF0000); return (lo & 0x0000FFFF) | (hi & 0xFFFF0000);
} }
/* The "type" of the interrupt handler is a 4 bit field: we only support a /*
* couple of types. */ * The "type" of the interrupt handler is a 4 bit field: we only support a
* couple of types.
*/
static int idt_type(u32 lo, u32 hi) static int idt_type(u32 lo, u32 hi)
{ {
return (hi >> 8) & 0xF; return (hi >> 8) & 0xF;
@ -39,8 +43,10 @@ static bool idt_present(u32 lo, u32 hi)
return (hi & 0x8000); return (hi & 0x8000);
} }
/* We need a helper to "push" a value onto the Guest's stack, since that's a /*
* big part of what delivering an interrupt does. */ * We need a helper to "push" a value onto the Guest's stack, since that's a
* big part of what delivering an interrupt does.
*/
static void push_guest_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long *gstack, u32 val) static void push_guest_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long *gstack, u32 val)
{ {
/* Stack grows upwards: move stack then write value. */ /* Stack grows upwards: move stack then write value. */
@ -48,7 +54,8 @@ static void push_guest_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long *gstack, u32 val)
lgwrite(cpu, *gstack, u32, val); lgwrite(cpu, *gstack, u32, val);
} }
/*H:210 The set_guest_interrupt() routine actually delivers the interrupt or /*H:210
* The set_guest_interrupt() routine actually delivers the interrupt or
* trap. The mechanics of delivering traps and interrupts to the Guest are the * trap. The mechanics of delivering traps and interrupts to the Guest are the
* same, except some traps have an "error code" which gets pushed onto the * same, except some traps have an "error code" which gets pushed onto the
* stack as well: the caller tells us if this is one. * stack as well: the caller tells us if this is one.
@ -59,7 +66,8 @@ static void push_guest_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long *gstack, u32 val)
* *
* We set up the stack just like the CPU does for a real interrupt, so it's * We set up the stack just like the CPU does for a real interrupt, so it's
* identical for the Guest (and the standard "iret" instruction will undo * identical for the Guest (and the standard "iret" instruction will undo
* it). */ * it).
*/
static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi, static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi,
bool has_err) bool has_err)
{ {
@ -67,20 +75,26 @@ static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi,
u32 eflags, ss, irq_enable; u32 eflags, ss, irq_enable;
unsigned long virtstack; unsigned long virtstack;
/* There are two cases for interrupts: one where the Guest is already /*
* There are two cases for interrupts: one where the Guest is already
* in the kernel, and a more complex one where the Guest is in * in the kernel, and a more complex one where the Guest is in
* userspace. We check the privilege level to find out. */ * userspace. We check the privilege level to find out.
*/
if ((cpu->regs->ss&0x3) != GUEST_PL) { if ((cpu->regs->ss&0x3) != GUEST_PL) {
/* The Guest told us their kernel stack with the SET_STACK /*
* hypercall: both the virtual address and the segment */ * The Guest told us their kernel stack with the SET_STACK
* hypercall: both the virtual address and the segment.
*/
virtstack = cpu->esp1; virtstack = cpu->esp1;
ss = cpu->ss1; ss = cpu->ss1;
origstack = gstack = guest_pa(cpu, virtstack); origstack = gstack = guest_pa(cpu, virtstack);
/* We push the old stack segment and pointer onto the new /*
* We push the old stack segment and pointer onto the new
* stack: when the Guest does an "iret" back from the interrupt * stack: when the Guest does an "iret" back from the interrupt
* handler the CPU will notice they're dropping privilege * handler the CPU will notice they're dropping privilege
* levels and expect these here. */ * levels and expect these here.
*/
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->ss); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->ss);
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->esp); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->esp);
} else { } else {
@ -91,18 +105,22 @@ static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi,
origstack = gstack = guest_pa(cpu, virtstack); origstack = gstack = guest_pa(cpu, virtstack);
} }
/* Remember that we never let the Guest actually disable interrupts, so /*
* Remember that we never let the Guest actually disable interrupts, so
* the "Interrupt Flag" bit is always set. We copy that bit from the * the "Interrupt Flag" bit is always set. We copy that bit from the
* Guest's "irq_enabled" field into the eflags word: we saw the Guest * Guest's "irq_enabled" field into the eflags word: we saw the Guest
* copy it back in "lguest_iret". */ * copy it back in "lguest_iret".
*/
eflags = cpu->regs->eflags; eflags = cpu->regs->eflags;
if (get_user(irq_enable, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_enabled) == 0 if (get_user(irq_enable, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_enabled) == 0
&& !(irq_enable & X86_EFLAGS_IF)) && !(irq_enable & X86_EFLAGS_IF))
eflags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_IF; eflags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_IF;
/* An interrupt is expected to push three things on the stack: the old /*
* An interrupt is expected to push three things on the stack: the old
* "eflags" word, the old code segment, and the old instruction * "eflags" word, the old code segment, and the old instruction
* pointer. */ * pointer.
*/
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, eflags); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, eflags);
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->cs); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->cs);
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->eip); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->eip);
@ -111,15 +129,19 @@ static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi,
if (has_err) if (has_err)
push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->errcode); push_guest_stack(cpu, &gstack, cpu->regs->errcode);
/* Now we've pushed all the old state, we change the stack, the code /*
* segment and the address to execute. */ * Now we've pushed all the old state, we change the stack, the code
* segment and the address to execute.
*/
cpu->regs->ss = ss; cpu->regs->ss = ss;
cpu->regs->esp = virtstack + (gstack - origstack); cpu->regs->esp = virtstack + (gstack - origstack);
cpu->regs->cs = (__KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL); cpu->regs->cs = (__KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL);
cpu->regs->eip = idt_address(lo, hi); cpu->regs->eip = idt_address(lo, hi);
/* There are two kinds of interrupt handlers: 0xE is an "interrupt /*
* gate" which expects interrupts to be disabled on entry. */ * There are two kinds of interrupt handlers: 0xE is an "interrupt
* gate" which expects interrupts to be disabled on entry.
*/
if (idt_type(lo, hi) == 0xE) if (idt_type(lo, hi) == 0xE)
if (put_user(0, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_enabled)) if (put_user(0, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_enabled))
kill_guest(cpu, "Disabling interrupts"); kill_guest(cpu, "Disabling interrupts");
@ -130,7 +152,8 @@ static void set_guest_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 lo, u32 hi,
* *
* interrupt_pending() returns the first pending interrupt which isn't blocked * interrupt_pending() returns the first pending interrupt which isn't blocked
* by the Guest. It is called before every entry to the Guest, and just before * by the Guest. It is called before every entry to the Guest, and just before
* we go to sleep when the Guest has halted itself. */ * we go to sleep when the Guest has halted itself.
*/
unsigned int interrupt_pending(struct lg_cpu *cpu, bool *more) unsigned int interrupt_pending(struct lg_cpu *cpu, bool *more)
{ {
unsigned int irq; unsigned int irq;
@ -140,8 +163,10 @@ unsigned int interrupt_pending(struct lg_cpu *cpu, bool *more)
if (!cpu->lg->lguest_data) if (!cpu->lg->lguest_data)
return LGUEST_IRQS; return LGUEST_IRQS;
/* Take our "irqs_pending" array and remove any interrupts the Guest /*
* wants blocked: the result ends up in "blk". */ * Take our "irqs_pending" array and remove any interrupts the Guest
* wants blocked: the result ends up in "blk".
*/
if (copy_from_user(&blk, cpu->lg->lguest_data->blocked_interrupts, if (copy_from_user(&blk, cpu->lg->lguest_data->blocked_interrupts,
sizeof(blk))) sizeof(blk)))
return LGUEST_IRQS; return LGUEST_IRQS;
@ -154,16 +179,20 @@ unsigned int interrupt_pending(struct lg_cpu *cpu, bool *more)
return irq; return irq;
} }
/* This actually diverts the Guest to running an interrupt handler, once an /*
* interrupt has been identified by interrupt_pending(). */ * This actually diverts the Guest to running an interrupt handler, once an
* interrupt has been identified by interrupt_pending().
*/
void try_deliver_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq, bool more) void try_deliver_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq, bool more)
{ {
struct desc_struct *idt; struct desc_struct *idt;
BUG_ON(irq >= LGUEST_IRQS); BUG_ON(irq >= LGUEST_IRQS);
/* They may be in the middle of an iret, where they asked us never to /*
* deliver interrupts. */ * They may be in the middle of an iret, where they asked us never to
* deliver interrupts.
*/
if (cpu->regs->eip >= cpu->lg->noirq_start && if (cpu->regs->eip >= cpu->lg->noirq_start &&
(cpu->regs->eip < cpu->lg->noirq_end)) (cpu->regs->eip < cpu->lg->noirq_end))
return; return;
@ -187,29 +216,37 @@ void try_deliver_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq, bool more)
} }
} }
/* Look at the IDT entry the Guest gave us for this interrupt. The /*
* Look at the IDT entry the Guest gave us for this interrupt. The
* first 32 (FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR) entries are for traps, so we skip * first 32 (FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR) entries are for traps, so we skip
* over them. */ * over them.
*/
idt = &cpu->arch.idt[FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR+irq]; idt = &cpu->arch.idt[FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR+irq];
/* If they don't have a handler (yet?), we just ignore it */ /* If they don't have a handler (yet?), we just ignore it */
if (idt_present(idt->a, idt->b)) { if (idt_present(idt->a, idt->b)) {
/* OK, mark it no longer pending and deliver it. */ /* OK, mark it no longer pending and deliver it. */
clear_bit(irq, cpu->irqs_pending); clear_bit(irq, cpu->irqs_pending);
/* set_guest_interrupt() takes the interrupt descriptor and a /*
* set_guest_interrupt() takes the interrupt descriptor and a
* flag to say whether this interrupt pushes an error code onto * flag to say whether this interrupt pushes an error code onto
* the stack as well: virtual interrupts never do. */ * the stack as well: virtual interrupts never do.
*/
set_guest_interrupt(cpu, idt->a, idt->b, false); set_guest_interrupt(cpu, idt->a, idt->b, false);
} }
/* Every time we deliver an interrupt, we update the timestamp in the /*
* Every time we deliver an interrupt, we update the timestamp in the
* Guest's lguest_data struct. It would be better for the Guest if we * Guest's lguest_data struct. It would be better for the Guest if we
* did this more often, but it can actually be quite slow: doing it * did this more often, but it can actually be quite slow: doing it
* here is a compromise which means at least it gets updated every * here is a compromise which means at least it gets updated every
* timer interrupt. */ * timer interrupt.
*/
write_timestamp(cpu); write_timestamp(cpu);
/* If there are no other interrupts we want to deliver, clear /*
* the pending flag. */ * If there are no other interrupts we want to deliver, clear
* the pending flag.
*/
if (!more) if (!more)
put_user(0, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_pending); put_user(0, &cpu->lg->lguest_data->irq_pending);
} }
@ -217,24 +254,29 @@ void try_deliver_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq, bool more)
/* And this is the routine when we want to set an interrupt for the Guest. */ /* And this is the routine when we want to set an interrupt for the Guest. */
void set_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq) void set_interrupt(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int irq)
{ {
/* Next time the Guest runs, the core code will see if it can deliver /*
* this interrupt. */ * Next time the Guest runs, the core code will see if it can deliver
* this interrupt.
*/
set_bit(irq, cpu->irqs_pending); set_bit(irq, cpu->irqs_pending);
/* Make sure it sees it; it might be asleep (eg. halted), or /*
* running the Guest right now, in which case kick_process() * Make sure it sees it; it might be asleep (eg. halted), or running
* will knock it out. */ * the Guest right now, in which case kick_process() will knock it out.
*/
if (!wake_up_process(cpu->tsk)) if (!wake_up_process(cpu->tsk))
kick_process(cpu->tsk); kick_process(cpu->tsk);
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/* Linux uses trap 128 for system calls. Plan9 uses 64, and Ron Minnich sent /*
* Linux uses trap 128 for system calls. Plan9 uses 64, and Ron Minnich sent
* me a patch, so we support that too. It'd be a big step for lguest if half * me a patch, so we support that too. It'd be a big step for lguest if half
* the Plan 9 user base were to start using it. * the Plan 9 user base were to start using it.
* *
* Actually now I think of it, it's possible that Ron *is* half the Plan 9 * Actually now I think of it, it's possible that Ron *is* half the Plan 9
* userbase. Oh well. */ * userbase. Oh well.
*/
static bool could_be_syscall(unsigned int num) static bool could_be_syscall(unsigned int num)
{ {
/* Normal Linux SYSCALL_VECTOR or reserved vector? */ /* Normal Linux SYSCALL_VECTOR or reserved vector? */
@ -274,9 +316,11 @@ void free_interrupts(void)
clear_bit(syscall_vector, used_vectors); clear_bit(syscall_vector, used_vectors);
} }
/*H:220 Now we've got the routines to deliver interrupts, delivering traps like /*H:220
* Now we've got the routines to deliver interrupts, delivering traps like
* page fault is easy. The only trick is that Intel decided that some traps * page fault is easy. The only trick is that Intel decided that some traps
* should have error codes: */ * should have error codes:
*/
static bool has_err(unsigned int trap) static bool has_err(unsigned int trap)
{ {
return (trap == 8 || (trap >= 10 && trap <= 14) || trap == 17); return (trap == 8 || (trap >= 10 && trap <= 14) || trap == 17);
@ -285,13 +329,17 @@ static bool has_err(unsigned int trap)
/* deliver_trap() returns true if it could deliver the trap. */ /* deliver_trap() returns true if it could deliver the trap. */
bool deliver_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num) bool deliver_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num)
{ {
/* Trap numbers are always 8 bit, but we set an impossible trap number /*
* for traps inside the Switcher, so check that here. */ * Trap numbers are always 8 bit, but we set an impossible trap number
* for traps inside the Switcher, so check that here.
*/
if (num >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.idt)) if (num >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.idt))
return false; return false;
/* Early on the Guest hasn't set the IDT entries (or maybe it put a /*
* bogus one in): if we fail here, the Guest will be killed. */ * Early on the Guest hasn't set the IDT entries (or maybe it put a
* bogus one in): if we fail here, the Guest will be killed.
*/
if (!idt_present(cpu->arch.idt[num].a, cpu->arch.idt[num].b)) if (!idt_present(cpu->arch.idt[num].a, cpu->arch.idt[num].b))
return false; return false;
set_guest_interrupt(cpu, cpu->arch.idt[num].a, set_guest_interrupt(cpu, cpu->arch.idt[num].a,
@ -299,7 +347,8 @@ bool deliver_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num)
return true; return true;
} }
/*H:250 Here's the hard part: returning to the Host every time a trap happens /*H:250
* Here's the hard part: returning to the Host every time a trap happens
* and then calling deliver_trap() and re-entering the Guest is slow. * and then calling deliver_trap() and re-entering the Guest is slow.
* Particularly because Guest userspace system calls are traps (usually trap * Particularly because Guest userspace system calls are traps (usually trap
* 128). * 128).
@ -311,69 +360,87 @@ bool deliver_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num)
* the other hypervisors would beat it up at lunchtime. * the other hypervisors would beat it up at lunchtime.
* *
* This routine indicates if a particular trap number could be delivered * This routine indicates if a particular trap number could be delivered
* directly. */ * directly.
*/
static bool direct_trap(unsigned int num) static bool direct_trap(unsigned int num)
{ {
/* Hardware interrupts don't go to the Guest at all (except system /*
* call). */ * Hardware interrupts don't go to the Guest at all (except system
* call).
*/
if (num >= FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR && !could_be_syscall(num)) if (num >= FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR && !could_be_syscall(num))
return false; return false;
/* The Host needs to see page faults (for shadow paging and to save the /*
* The Host needs to see page faults (for shadow paging and to save the
* fault address), general protection faults (in/out emulation) and * fault address), general protection faults (in/out emulation) and
* device not available (TS handling), invalid opcode fault (kvm hcall), * device not available (TS handling), invalid opcode fault (kvm hcall),
* and of course, the hypercall trap. */ * and of course, the hypercall trap.
*/
return num != 14 && num != 13 && num != 7 && return num != 14 && num != 13 && num != 7 &&
num != 6 && num != LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY; num != 6 && num != LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY;
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*M:005 The Guest has the ability to turn its interrupt gates into trap gates, /*M:005
* The Guest has the ability to turn its interrupt gates into trap gates,
* if it is careful. The Host will let trap gates can go directly to the * if it is careful. The Host will let trap gates can go directly to the
* Guest, but the Guest needs the interrupts atomically disabled for an * Guest, but the Guest needs the interrupts atomically disabled for an
* interrupt gate. It can do this by pointing the trap gate at instructions * interrupt gate. It can do this by pointing the trap gate at instructions
* within noirq_start and noirq_end, where it can safely disable interrupts. */ * within noirq_start and noirq_end, where it can safely disable interrupts.
*/
/*M:006 The Guests do not use the sysenter (fast system call) instruction, /*M:006
* The Guests do not use the sysenter (fast system call) instruction,
* because it's hardcoded to enter privilege level 0 and so can't go direct. * because it's hardcoded to enter privilege level 0 and so can't go direct.
* It's about twice as fast as the older "int 0x80" system call, so it might * It's about twice as fast as the older "int 0x80" system call, so it might
* still be worthwhile to handle it in the Switcher and lcall down to the * still be worthwhile to handle it in the Switcher and lcall down to the
* Guest. The sysenter semantics are hairy tho: search for that keyword in * Guest. The sysenter semantics are hairy tho: search for that keyword in
* entry.S :*/ * entry.S
:*/
/*H:260 When we make traps go directly into the Guest, we need to make sure /*H:260
* When we make traps go directly into the Guest, we need to make sure
* the kernel stack is valid (ie. mapped in the page tables). Otherwise, the * the kernel stack is valid (ie. mapped in the page tables). Otherwise, the
* CPU trying to deliver the trap will fault while trying to push the interrupt * CPU trying to deliver the trap will fault while trying to push the interrupt
* words on the stack: this is called a double fault, and it forces us to kill * words on the stack: this is called a double fault, and it forces us to kill
* the Guest. * the Guest.
* *
* Which is deeply unfair, because (literally!) it wasn't the Guests' fault. */ * Which is deeply unfair, because (literally!) it wasn't the Guests' fault.
*/
void pin_stack_pages(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void pin_stack_pages(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
/* Depending on the CONFIG_4KSTACKS option, the Guest can have one or /*
* two pages of stack space. */ * Depending on the CONFIG_4KSTACKS option, the Guest can have one or
* two pages of stack space.
*/
for (i = 0; i < cpu->lg->stack_pages; i++) for (i = 0; i < cpu->lg->stack_pages; i++)
/* The stack grows *upwards*, so the address we're given is the /*
* The stack grows *upwards*, so the address we're given is the
* start of the page after the kernel stack. Subtract one to * start of the page after the kernel stack. Subtract one to
* get back onto the first stack page, and keep subtracting to * get back onto the first stack page, and keep subtracting to
* get to the rest of the stack pages. */ * get to the rest of the stack pages.
*/
pin_page(cpu, cpu->esp1 - 1 - i * PAGE_SIZE); pin_page(cpu, cpu->esp1 - 1 - i * PAGE_SIZE);
} }
/* Direct traps also mean that we need to know whenever the Guest wants to use /*
* Direct traps also mean that we need to know whenever the Guest wants to use
* a different kernel stack, so we can change the IDT entries to use that * a different kernel stack, so we can change the IDT entries to use that
* stack. The IDT entries expect a virtual address, so unlike most addresses * stack. The IDT entries expect a virtual address, so unlike most addresses
* the Guest gives us, the "esp" (stack pointer) value here is virtual, not * the Guest gives us, the "esp" (stack pointer) value here is virtual, not
* physical. * physical.
* *
* In Linux each process has its own kernel stack, so this happens a lot: we * In Linux each process has its own kernel stack, so this happens a lot: we
* change stacks on each context switch. */ * change stacks on each context switch.
*/
void guest_set_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 seg, u32 esp, unsigned int pages) void guest_set_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 seg, u32 esp, unsigned int pages)
{ {
/* You are not allowed have a stack segment with privilege level 0: bad /*
* Guest! */ * You're not allowed a stack segment with privilege level 0: bad Guest!
*/
if ((seg & 0x3) != GUEST_PL) if ((seg & 0x3) != GUEST_PL)
kill_guest(cpu, "bad stack segment %i", seg); kill_guest(cpu, "bad stack segment %i", seg);
/* We only expect one or two stack pages. */ /* We only expect one or two stack pages. */
@ -387,11 +454,15 @@ void guest_set_stack(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 seg, u32 esp, unsigned int pages)
pin_stack_pages(cpu); pin_stack_pages(cpu);
} }
/* All this reference to mapping stacks leads us neatly into the other complex /*
* part of the Host: page table handling. */ * All this reference to mapping stacks leads us neatly into the other complex
* part of the Host: page table handling.
*/
/*H:235 This is the routine which actually checks the Guest's IDT entry and /*H:235
* transfers it into the entry in "struct lguest": */ * This is the routine which actually checks the Guest's IDT entry and
* transfers it into the entry in "struct lguest":
*/
static void set_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *trap, static void set_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *trap,
unsigned int num, u32 lo, u32 hi) unsigned int num, u32 lo, u32 hi)
{ {
@ -407,30 +478,38 @@ static void set_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *trap,
if (type != 0xE && type != 0xF) if (type != 0xE && type != 0xF)
kill_guest(cpu, "bad IDT type %i", type); kill_guest(cpu, "bad IDT type %i", type);
/* We only copy the handler address, present bit, privilege level and /*
* We only copy the handler address, present bit, privilege level and
* type. The privilege level controls where the trap can be triggered * type. The privilege level controls where the trap can be triggered
* manually with an "int" instruction. This is usually GUEST_PL, * manually with an "int" instruction. This is usually GUEST_PL,
* except for system calls which userspace can use. */ * except for system calls which userspace can use.
*/
trap->a = ((__KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL)<<16) | (lo&0x0000FFFF); trap->a = ((__KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL)<<16) | (lo&0x0000FFFF);
trap->b = (hi&0xFFFFEF00); trap->b = (hi&0xFFFFEF00);
} }
/*H:230 While we're here, dealing with delivering traps and interrupts to the /*H:230
* While we're here, dealing with delivering traps and interrupts to the
* Guest, we might as well complete the picture: how the Guest tells us where * Guest, we might as well complete the picture: how the Guest tells us where
* it wants them to go. This would be simple, except making traps fast * it wants them to go. This would be simple, except making traps fast
* requires some tricks. * requires some tricks.
* *
* We saw the Guest setting Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) entries with the * We saw the Guest setting Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) entries with the
* LHCALL_LOAD_IDT_ENTRY hypercall before: that comes here. */ * LHCALL_LOAD_IDT_ENTRY hypercall before: that comes here.
*/
void load_guest_idt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num, u32 lo, u32 hi) void load_guest_idt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num, u32 lo, u32 hi)
{ {
/* Guest never handles: NMI, doublefault, spurious interrupt or /*
* hypercall. We ignore when it tries to set them. */ * Guest never handles: NMI, doublefault, spurious interrupt or
* hypercall. We ignore when it tries to set them.
*/
if (num == 2 || num == 8 || num == 15 || num == LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY) if (num == 2 || num == 8 || num == 15 || num == LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY)
return; return;
/* Mark the IDT as changed: next time the Guest runs we'll know we have /*
* to copy this again. */ * Mark the IDT as changed: next time the Guest runs we'll know we have
* to copy this again.
*/
cpu->changed |= CHANGED_IDT; cpu->changed |= CHANGED_IDT;
/* Check that the Guest doesn't try to step outside the bounds. */ /* Check that the Guest doesn't try to step outside the bounds. */
@ -440,9 +519,11 @@ void load_guest_idt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned int num, u32 lo, u32 hi)
set_trap(cpu, &cpu->arch.idt[num], num, lo, hi); set_trap(cpu, &cpu->arch.idt[num], num, lo, hi);
} }
/* The default entry for each interrupt points into the Switcher routines which /*
* The default entry for each interrupt points into the Switcher routines which
* simply return to the Host. The run_guest() loop will then call * simply return to the Host. The run_guest() loop will then call
* deliver_trap() to bounce it back into the Guest. */ * deliver_trap() to bounce it back into the Guest.
*/
static void default_idt_entry(struct desc_struct *idt, static void default_idt_entry(struct desc_struct *idt,
int trap, int trap,
const unsigned long handler, const unsigned long handler,
@ -451,13 +532,17 @@ static void default_idt_entry(struct desc_struct *idt,
/* A present interrupt gate. */ /* A present interrupt gate. */
u32 flags = 0x8e00; u32 flags = 0x8e00;
/* Set the privilege level on the entry for the hypercall: this allows /*
* the Guest to use the "int" instruction to trigger it. */ * Set the privilege level on the entry for the hypercall: this allows
* the Guest to use the "int" instruction to trigger it.
*/
if (trap == LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY) if (trap == LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY)
flags |= (GUEST_PL << 13); flags |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
else if (base) else if (base)
/* Copy priv. level from what Guest asked for. This allows /*
* debug (int 3) traps from Guest userspace, for example. */ * Copy privilege level from what Guest asked for. This allows
* debug (int 3) traps from Guest userspace, for example.
*/
flags |= (base->b & 0x6000); flags |= (base->b & 0x6000);
/* Now pack it into the IDT entry in its weird format. */ /* Now pack it into the IDT entry in its weird format. */
@ -475,16 +560,20 @@ void setup_default_idt_entries(struct lguest_ro_state *state,
default_idt_entry(&state->guest_idt[i], i, def[i], NULL); default_idt_entry(&state->guest_idt[i], i, def[i], NULL);
} }
/*H:240 We don't use the IDT entries in the "struct lguest" directly, instead /*H:240
* We don't use the IDT entries in the "struct lguest" directly, instead
* we copy them into the IDT which we've set up for Guests on this CPU, just * we copy them into the IDT which we've set up for Guests on this CPU, just
* before we run the Guest. This routine does that copy. */ * before we run the Guest. This routine does that copy.
*/
void copy_traps(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *idt, void copy_traps(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *idt,
const unsigned long *def) const unsigned long *def)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
/* We can simply copy the direct traps, otherwise we use the default /*
* ones in the Switcher: they will return to the Host. */ * We can simply copy the direct traps, otherwise we use the default
* ones in the Switcher: they will return to the Host.
*/
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.idt); i++) { for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.idt); i++) {
const struct desc_struct *gidt = &cpu->arch.idt[i]; const struct desc_struct *gidt = &cpu->arch.idt[i];
@ -492,14 +581,16 @@ void copy_traps(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *idt,
if (!direct_trap(i)) if (!direct_trap(i))
continue; continue;
/* Only trap gates (type 15) can go direct to the Guest. /*
* Only trap gates (type 15) can go direct to the Guest.
* Interrupt gates (type 14) disable interrupts as they are * Interrupt gates (type 14) disable interrupts as they are
* entered, which we never let the Guest do. Not present * entered, which we never let the Guest do. Not present
* entries (type 0x0) also can't go direct, of course. * entries (type 0x0) also can't go direct, of course.
* *
* If it can't go direct, we still need to copy the priv. level: * If it can't go direct, we still need to copy the priv. level:
* they might want to give userspace access to a software * they might want to give userspace access to a software
* interrupt. */ * interrupt.
*/
if (idt_type(gidt->a, gidt->b) == 0xF) if (idt_type(gidt->a, gidt->b) == 0xF)
idt[i] = *gidt; idt[i] = *gidt;
else else
@ -518,7 +609,8 @@ void copy_traps(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *idt,
* the next timer interrupt (in nanoseconds). We use the high-resolution timer * the next timer interrupt (in nanoseconds). We use the high-resolution timer
* infrastructure to set a callback at that time. * infrastructure to set a callback at that time.
* *
* 0 means "turn off the clock". */ * 0 means "turn off the clock".
*/
void guest_set_clockevent(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long delta) void guest_set_clockevent(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long delta)
{ {
ktime_t expires; ktime_t expires;
@ -529,9 +621,11 @@ void guest_set_clockevent(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long delta)
return; return;
} }
/* We use wallclock time here, so the Guest might not be running for /*
* We use wallclock time here, so the Guest might not be running for
* all the time between now and the timer interrupt it asked for. This * all the time between now and the timer interrupt it asked for. This
* is almost always the right thing to do. */ * is almost always the right thing to do.
*/
expires = ktime_add_ns(ktime_get_real(), delta); expires = ktime_add_ns(ktime_get_real(), delta);
hrtimer_start(&cpu->hrt, expires, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS); hrtimer_start(&cpu->hrt, expires, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
} }

23
drivers/lguest/lg.h
View file

@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ struct lg_cpu {
unsigned long pending_notify; /* pfn from LHCALL_NOTIFY */ unsigned long pending_notify; /* pfn from LHCALL_NOTIFY */
/* At end of a page shared mapped over lguest_pages in guest. */ /* At end of a page shared mapped over lguest_pages in guest. */
unsigned long regs_page; unsigned long regs_page;
struct lguest_regs *regs; struct lguest_regs *regs;
struct lguest_pages *last_pages; struct lguest_pages *last_pages;
int cpu_pgd; /* which pgd this cpu is currently using */ int cpu_pgd; /* Which pgd this cpu is currently using */
/* If a hypercall was asked for, this points to the arguments. */ /* If a hypercall was asked for, this points to the arguments. */
struct hcall_args *hcall; struct hcall_args *hcall;
@ -96,8 +96,11 @@ struct lguest
unsigned int nr_cpus; unsigned int nr_cpus;
u32 pfn_limit; u32 pfn_limit;
/* This provides the offset to the base of guest-physical
* memory in the Launcher. */ /*
* This provides the offset to the base of guest-physical memory in the
* Launcher.
*/
void __user *mem_base; void __user *mem_base;
unsigned long kernel_address; unsigned long kernel_address;
@ -122,11 +125,13 @@ bool lguest_address_ok(const struct lguest *lg,
void __lgread(struct lg_cpu *, void *, unsigned long, unsigned); void __lgread(struct lg_cpu *, void *, unsigned long, unsigned);
void __lgwrite(struct lg_cpu *, unsigned long, const void *, unsigned); void __lgwrite(struct lg_cpu *, unsigned long, const void *, unsigned);
/*H:035 Using memory-copy operations like that is usually inconvient, so we /*H:035
* Using memory-copy operations like that is usually inconvient, so we
* have the following helper macros which read and write a specific type (often * have the following helper macros which read and write a specific type (often
* an unsigned long). * an unsigned long).
* *
* This reads into a variable of the given type then returns that. */ * This reads into a variable of the given type then returns that.
*/
#define lgread(cpu, addr, type) \ #define lgread(cpu, addr, type) \
({ type _v; __lgread((cpu), &_v, (addr), sizeof(_v)); _v; }) ({ type _v; __lgread((cpu), &_v, (addr), sizeof(_v)); _v; })
@ -140,9 +145,11 @@ void __lgwrite(struct lg_cpu *, unsigned long, const void *, unsigned);
int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user); int run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long __user *user);
/* Helper macros to obtain the first 12 or the last 20 bits, this is only the /*
* Helper macros to obtain the first 12 or the last 20 bits, this is only the
* first step in the migration to the kernel types. pte_pfn is already defined * first step in the migration to the kernel types. pte_pfn is already defined
* in the kernel. */ * in the kernel.
*/
#define pgd_flags(x) (pgd_val(x) & ~PAGE_MASK) #define pgd_flags(x) (pgd_val(x) & ~PAGE_MASK)
#define pgd_pfn(x) (pgd_val(x) >> PAGE_SHIFT) #define pgd_pfn(x) (pgd_val(x) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
#define pmd_flags(x) (pmd_val(x) & ~PAGE_MASK) #define pmd_flags(x) (pmd_val(x) & ~PAGE_MASK)

150
drivers/lguest/lguest_device.c
View file

@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
/*P:050 Lguest guests use a very simple method to describe devices. It's a /*P:050
* Lguest guests use a very simple method to describe devices. It's a
* series of device descriptors contained just above the top of normal Guest * series of device descriptors contained just above the top of normal Guest
* memory. * memory.
* *
* We use the standard "virtio" device infrastructure, which provides us with a * We use the standard "virtio" device infrastructure, which provides us with a
* console, a network and a block driver. Each one expects some configuration * console, a network and a block driver. Each one expects some configuration
* information and a "virtqueue" or two to send and receive data. :*/ * information and a "virtqueue" or two to send and receive data.
:*/
#include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h> #include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/lguest_launcher.h> #include <linux/lguest_launcher.h>
@ -20,8 +22,10 @@
/* The pointer to our (page) of device descriptions. */ /* The pointer to our (page) of device descriptions. */
static void *lguest_devices; static void *lguest_devices;
/* For Guests, device memory can be used as normal memory, so we cast away the /*
* __iomem to quieten sparse. */ * For Guests, device memory can be used as normal memory, so we cast away the
* __iomem to quieten sparse.
*/
static inline void *lguest_map(unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long pages) static inline void *lguest_map(unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long pages)
{ {
return (__force void *)ioremap_cache(phys_addr, PAGE_SIZE*pages); return (__force void *)ioremap_cache(phys_addr, PAGE_SIZE*pages);
@ -32,8 +36,10 @@ static inline void lguest_unmap(void *addr)
iounmap((__force void __iomem *)addr); iounmap((__force void __iomem *)addr);
} }
/*D:100 Each lguest device is just a virtio device plus a pointer to its entry /*D:100
* in the lguest_devices page. */ * Each lguest device is just a virtio device plus a pointer to its entry
* in the lguest_devices page.
*/
struct lguest_device { struct lguest_device {
struct virtio_device vdev; struct virtio_device vdev;
@ -41,9 +47,11 @@ struct lguest_device {
struct lguest_device_desc *desc; struct lguest_device_desc *desc;
}; };
/* Since the virtio infrastructure hands us a pointer to the virtio_device all /*
* Since the virtio infrastructure hands us a pointer to the virtio_device all
* the time, it helps to have a curt macro to get a pointer to the struct * the time, it helps to have a curt macro to get a pointer to the struct
* lguest_device it's enclosed in. */ * lguest_device it's enclosed in.
*/
#define to_lgdev(vd) container_of(vd, struct lguest_device, vdev) #define to_lgdev(vd) container_of(vd, struct lguest_device, vdev)
/*D:130 /*D:130
@ -55,7 +63,8 @@ struct lguest_device {
* the driver will look at them during setup. * the driver will look at them during setup.
* *
* A convenient routine to return the device's virtqueue config array: * A convenient routine to return the device's virtqueue config array:
* immediately after the descriptor. */ * immediately after the descriptor.
*/
static struct lguest_vqconfig *lg_vq(const struct lguest_device_desc *desc) static struct lguest_vqconfig *lg_vq(const struct lguest_device_desc *desc)
{ {
return (void *)(desc + 1); return (void *)(desc + 1);
@ -98,10 +107,12 @@ static u32 lg_get_features(struct virtio_device *vdev)
return features; return features;
} }
/* The virtio core takes the features the Host offers, and copies the /*
* ones supported by the driver into the vdev->features array. Once * The virtio core takes the features the Host offers, and copies the ones
* that's all sorted out, this routine is called so we can tell the * supported by the driver into the vdev->features array. Once that's all
* Host which features we understand and accept. */ * sorted out, this routine is called so we can tell the Host which features we
* understand and accept.
*/
static void lg_finalize_features(struct virtio_device *vdev) static void lg_finalize_features(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{ {
unsigned int i, bits; unsigned int i, bits;
@ -112,10 +123,11 @@ static void lg_finalize_features(struct virtio_device *vdev)
/* Give virtio_ring a chance to accept features. */ /* Give virtio_ring a chance to accept features. */
vring_transport_features(vdev); vring_transport_features(vdev);
/* The vdev->feature array is a Linux bitmask: this isn't the /*
* same as a the simple array of bits used by lguest devices * The vdev->feature array is a Linux bitmask: this isn't the same as a
* for features. So we do this slow, manual conversion which is * the simple array of bits used by lguest devices for features. So we
* completely general. */ * do this slow, manual conversion which is completely general.
*/
memset(out_features, 0, desc->feature_len); memset(out_features, 0, desc->feature_len);
bits = min_t(unsigned, desc->feature_len, sizeof(vdev->features)) * 8; bits = min_t(unsigned, desc->feature_len, sizeof(vdev->features)) * 8;
for (i = 0; i < bits; i++) { for (i = 0; i < bits; i++) {
@ -146,15 +158,19 @@ static void lg_set(struct virtio_device *vdev, unsigned int offset,
memcpy(lg_config(desc) + offset, buf, len); memcpy(lg_config(desc) + offset, buf, len);
} }
/* The operations to get and set the status word just access the status field /*
* of the device descriptor. */ * The operations to get and set the status word just access the status field
* of the device descriptor.
*/
static u8 lg_get_status(struct virtio_device *vdev) static u8 lg_get_status(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{ {
return to_lgdev(vdev)->desc->status; return to_lgdev(vdev)->desc->status;
} }
/* To notify on status updates, we (ab)use the NOTIFY hypercall, with the /*
* descriptor address of the device. A zero status means "reset". */ * To notify on status updates, we (ab)use the NOTIFY hypercall, with the
* descriptor address of the device. A zero status means "reset".
*/
static void set_status(struct virtio_device *vdev, u8 status) static void set_status(struct virtio_device *vdev, u8 status)
{ {
unsigned long offset = (void *)to_lgdev(vdev)->desc - lguest_devices; unsigned long offset = (void *)to_lgdev(vdev)->desc - lguest_devices;
@ -200,13 +216,17 @@ struct lguest_vq_info
void *pages; void *pages;
}; };
/* When the virtio_ring code wants to prod the Host, it calls us here and we /*
* When the virtio_ring code wants to prod the Host, it calls us here and we
* make a hypercall. We hand the physical address of the virtqueue so the Host * make a hypercall. We hand the physical address of the virtqueue so the Host
* knows which virtqueue we're talking about. */ * knows which virtqueue we're talking about.
*/
static void lg_notify(struct virtqueue *vq) static void lg_notify(struct virtqueue *vq)
{ {
/* We store our virtqueue information in the "priv" pointer of the /*
* virtqueue structure. */ * We store our virtqueue information in the "priv" pointer of the
* virtqueue structure.
*/
struct lguest_vq_info *lvq = vq->priv; struct lguest_vq_info *lvq = vq->priv;
kvm_hypercall1(LHCALL_NOTIFY, lvq->config.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT); kvm_hypercall1(LHCALL_NOTIFY, lvq->config.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
@ -215,7 +235,8 @@ static void lg_notify(struct virtqueue *vq)
/* An extern declaration inside a C file is bad form. Don't do it. */ /* An extern declaration inside a C file is bad form. Don't do it. */
extern void lguest_setup_irq(unsigned int irq); extern void lguest_setup_irq(unsigned int irq);
/* This routine finds the first virtqueue described in the configuration of /*
* This routine finds the first virtqueue described in the configuration of
* this device and sets it up. * this device and sets it up.
* *
* This is kind of an ugly duckling. It'd be nicer to have a standard * This is kind of an ugly duckling. It'd be nicer to have a standard
@ -225,7 +246,8 @@ extern void lguest_setup_irq(unsigned int irq);
* simpler for the Host to simply tell us where the pages are. * simpler for the Host to simply tell us where the pages are.
* *
* So we provide drivers with a "find the Nth virtqueue and set it up" * So we provide drivers with a "find the Nth virtqueue and set it up"
* function. */ * function.
*/
static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev, static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev,
unsigned index, unsigned index,
void (*callback)(struct virtqueue *vq), void (*callback)(struct virtqueue *vq),
@ -244,9 +266,11 @@ static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev,
if (!lvq) if (!lvq)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
/* Make a copy of the "struct lguest_vqconfig" entry, which sits after /*
* Make a copy of the "struct lguest_vqconfig" entry, which sits after
* the descriptor. We need a copy because the config space might not * the descriptor. We need a copy because the config space might not
* be aligned correctly. */ * be aligned correctly.
*/
memcpy(&lvq->config, lg_vq(ldev->desc)+index, sizeof(lvq->config)); memcpy(&lvq->config, lg_vq(ldev->desc)+index, sizeof(lvq->config));
printk("Mapping virtqueue %i addr %lx\n", index, printk("Mapping virtqueue %i addr %lx\n", index,
@ -261,8 +285,10 @@ static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev,
goto free_lvq; goto free_lvq;
} }
/* OK, tell virtio_ring.c to set up a virtqueue now we know its size /*
* and we've got a pointer to its pages. */ * OK, tell virtio_ring.c to set up a virtqueue now we know its size
* and we've got a pointer to its pages.
*/
vq = vring_new_virtqueue(lvq->config.num, LGUEST_VRING_ALIGN, vq = vring_new_virtqueue(lvq->config.num, LGUEST_VRING_ALIGN,
vdev, lvq->pages, lg_notify, callback, name); vdev, lvq->pages, lg_notify, callback, name);
if (!vq) { if (!vq) {
@ -273,18 +299,23 @@ static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev,
/* Make sure the interrupt is allocated. */ /* Make sure the interrupt is allocated. */
lguest_setup_irq(lvq->config.irq); lguest_setup_irq(lvq->config.irq);
/* Tell the interrupt for this virtqueue to go to the virtio_ring /*
* interrupt handler. */ * Tell the interrupt for this virtqueue to go to the virtio_ring
/* FIXME: We used to have a flag for the Host to tell us we could use * interrupt handler.
*
* FIXME: We used to have a flag for the Host to tell us we could use
* the interrupt as a source of randomness: it'd be nice to have that * the interrupt as a source of randomness: it'd be nice to have that
* back.. */ * back.
*/
err = request_irq(lvq->config.irq, vring_interrupt, IRQF_SHARED, err = request_irq(lvq->config.irq, vring_interrupt, IRQF_SHARED,
dev_name(&vdev->dev), vq); dev_name(&vdev->dev), vq);
if (err) if (err)
goto destroy_vring; goto destroy_vring;
/* Last of all we hook up our 'struct lguest_vq_info" to the /*
* virtqueue's priv pointer. */ * Last of all we hook up our 'struct lguest_vq_info" to the
* virtqueue's priv pointer.
*/
vq->priv = lvq; vq->priv = lvq;
return vq; return vq;
@ -358,11 +389,14 @@ static struct virtio_config_ops lguest_config_ops = {
.del_vqs = lg_del_vqs, .del_vqs = lg_del_vqs,
}; };
/* The root device for the lguest virtio devices. This makes them appear as /*
* /sys/devices/lguest/0,1,2 not /sys/devices/0,1,2. */ * The root device for the lguest virtio devices. This makes them appear as
* /sys/devices/lguest/0,1,2 not /sys/devices/0,1,2.
*/
static struct device *lguest_root; static struct device *lguest_root;
/*D:120 This is the core of the lguest bus: actually adding a new device. /*D:120
* This is the core of the lguest bus: actually adding a new device.
* It's a separate function because it's neater that way, and because an * It's a separate function because it's neater that way, and because an
* earlier version of the code supported hotplug and unplug. They were removed * earlier version of the code supported hotplug and unplug. They were removed
* early on because they were never used. * early on because they were never used.
@ -371,14 +405,14 @@ static struct device *lguest_root;
* *
* It's worth reading this carefully: we start with a pointer to the new device * It's worth reading this carefully: we start with a pointer to the new device
* descriptor in the "lguest_devices" page, and the offset into the device * descriptor in the "lguest_devices" page, and the offset into the device
* descriptor page so we can uniquely identify it if things go badly wrong. */ * descriptor page so we can uniquely identify it if things go badly wrong.
*/
static void add_lguest_device(struct lguest_device_desc *d, static void add_lguest_device(struct lguest_device_desc *d,
unsigned int offset) unsigned int offset)
{ {
struct lguest_device *ldev; struct lguest_device *ldev;
/* Start with zeroed memory; Linux's device layer seems to count on /* Start with zeroed memory; Linux's device layer counts on it. */
* it. */
ldev = kzalloc(sizeof(*ldev), GFP_KERNEL); ldev = kzalloc(sizeof(*ldev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ldev) { if (!ldev) {
printk(KERN_EMERG "Cannot allocate lguest dev %u type %u\n", printk(KERN_EMERG "Cannot allocate lguest dev %u type %u\n",
@ -390,15 +424,19 @@ static void add_lguest_device(struct lguest_device_desc *d,
ldev->vdev.dev.parent = lguest_root; ldev->vdev.dev.parent = lguest_root;
/* We have a unique device index thanks to the dev_index counter. */ /* We have a unique device index thanks to the dev_index counter. */
ldev->vdev.id.device = d->type; ldev->vdev.id.device = d->type;
/* We have a simple set of routines for querying the device's /*
* configuration information and setting its status. */ * We have a simple set of routines for querying the device's
* configuration information and setting its status.
*/
ldev->vdev.config = &lguest_config_ops; ldev->vdev.config = &lguest_config_ops;
/* And we remember the device's descriptor for lguest_config_ops. */ /* And we remember the device's descriptor for lguest_config_ops. */
ldev->desc = d; ldev->desc = d;
/* register_virtio_device() sets up the generic fields for the struct /*
* register_virtio_device() sets up the generic fields for the struct
* virtio_device and calls device_register(). This makes the bus * virtio_device and calls device_register(). This makes the bus
* infrastructure look for a matching driver. */ * infrastructure look for a matching driver.
*/
if (register_virtio_device(&ldev->vdev) != 0) { if (register_virtio_device(&ldev->vdev) != 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register lguest dev %u type %u\n", printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register lguest dev %u type %u\n",
offset, d->type); offset, d->type);
@ -406,8 +444,10 @@ static void add_lguest_device(struct lguest_device_desc *d,
} }
} }
/*D:110 scan_devices() simply iterates through the device page. The type 0 is /*D:110
* reserved to mean "end of devices". */ * scan_devices() simply iterates through the device page. The type 0 is
* reserved to mean "end of devices".
*/
static void scan_devices(void) static void scan_devices(void)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -426,7 +466,8 @@ static void scan_devices(void)
} }
} }
/*D:105 Fairly early in boot, lguest_devices_init() is called to set up the /*D:105
* Fairly early in boot, lguest_devices_init() is called to set up the
* lguest device infrastructure. We check that we are a Guest by checking * lguest device infrastructure. We check that we are a Guest by checking
* pv_info.name: there are other ways of checking, but this seems most * pv_info.name: there are other ways of checking, but this seems most
* obvious to me. * obvious to me.
@ -437,7 +478,8 @@ static void scan_devices(void)
* correct sysfs incantation). * correct sysfs incantation).
* *
* Finally we call scan_devices() which adds all the devices found in the * Finally we call scan_devices() which adds all the devices found in the
* lguest_devices page. */ * lguest_devices page.
*/
static int __init lguest_devices_init(void) static int __init lguest_devices_init(void)
{ {
if (strcmp(pv_info.name, "lguest") != 0) if (strcmp(pv_info.name, "lguest") != 0)
@ -456,11 +498,13 @@ static int __init lguest_devices_init(void)
/* We do this after core stuff, but before the drivers. */ /* We do this after core stuff, but before the drivers. */
postcore_initcall(lguest_devices_init); postcore_initcall(lguest_devices_init);
/*D:150 At this point in the journey we used to now wade through the lguest /*D:150
* At this point in the journey we used to now wade through the lguest
* devices themselves: net, block and console. Since they're all now virtio * devices themselves: net, block and console. Since they're all now virtio
* devices rather than lguest-specific, I've decided to ignore them. Mostly, * devices rather than lguest-specific, I've decided to ignore them. Mostly,
* they're kind of boring. But this does mean you'll never experience the * they're kind of boring. But this does mean you'll never experience the
* thrill of reading the forbidden love scene buried deep in the block driver. * thrill of reading the forbidden love scene buried deep in the block driver.
* *
* "make Launcher" beckons, where we answer questions like "Where do Guests * "make Launcher" beckons, where we answer questions like "Where do Guests
* come from?", and "What do you do when someone asks for optimization?". */ * come from?", and "What do you do when someone asks for optimization?".
*/

137
drivers/lguest/lguest_user.c
View file

@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
/*P:200 This contains all the /dev/lguest code, whereby the userspace launcher /*P:200
* This contains all the /dev/lguest code, whereby the userspace launcher
* controls and communicates with the Guest. For example, the first write will * controls and communicates with the Guest. For example, the first write will
* tell us the Guest's memory layout, pagetable, entry point and kernel address * tell us the Guest's memory layout, pagetable, entry point and kernel address
* offset. A read will run the Guest until something happens, such as a signal * offset. A read will run the Guest until something happens, such as a signal
* or the Guest doing a NOTIFY out to the Launcher. :*/ * or the Guest doing a NOTIFY out to the Launcher.
:*/
#include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/fs.h>
@ -37,8 +39,10 @@ static int add_eventfd(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long addr, int fd)
if (!addr) if (!addr)
return -EINVAL; return -EINVAL;
/* Replace the old array with the new one, carefully: others can /*
* be accessing it at the same time */ * Replace the old array with the new one, carefully: others can
* be accessing it at the same time.
*/
new = kmalloc(sizeof(*new) + sizeof(new->map[0]) * (old->num + 1), new = kmalloc(sizeof(*new) + sizeof(new->map[0]) * (old->num + 1),
GFP_KERNEL); GFP_KERNEL);
if (!new) if (!new)
@ -61,8 +65,10 @@ static int add_eventfd(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long addr, int fd)
/* Now put new one in place. */ /* Now put new one in place. */
rcu_assign_pointer(lg->eventfds, new); rcu_assign_pointer(lg->eventfds, new);
/* We're not in a big hurry. Wait until noone's looking at old /*
* version, then delete it. */ * We're not in a big hurry. Wait until noone's looking at old
* version, then delete it.
*/
synchronize_rcu(); synchronize_rcu();
kfree(old); kfree(old);
@ -87,8 +93,10 @@ static int attach_eventfd(struct lguest *lg, const unsigned long __user *input)
return err; return err;
} }
/*L:050 Sending an interrupt is done by writing LHREQ_IRQ and an interrupt /*L:050
* number to /dev/lguest. */ * Sending an interrupt is done by writing LHREQ_IRQ and an interrupt
* number to /dev/lguest.
*/
static int user_send_irq(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input) static int user_send_irq(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
{ {
unsigned long irq; unsigned long irq;
@ -102,8 +110,10 @@ static int user_send_irq(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
return 0; return 0;
} }
/*L:040 Once our Guest is initialized, the Launcher makes it run by reading /*L:040
* from /dev/lguest. */ * Once our Guest is initialized, the Launcher makes it run by reading
* from /dev/lguest.
*/
static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o) static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o)
{ {
struct lguest *lg = file->private_data; struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
@ -139,8 +149,10 @@ static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o)
return len; return len;
} }
/* If we returned from read() last time because the Guest sent I/O, /*
* clear the flag. */ * If we returned from read() last time because the Guest sent I/O,
* clear the flag.
*/
if (cpu->pending_notify) if (cpu->pending_notify)
cpu->pending_notify = 0; cpu->pending_notify = 0;
@ -148,8 +160,10 @@ static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o)
return run_guest(cpu, (unsigned long __user *)user); return run_guest(cpu, (unsigned long __user *)user);
} }
/*L:025 This actually initializes a CPU. For the moment, a Guest is only /*L:025
* uniprocessor, so "id" is always 0. */ * This actually initializes a CPU. For the moment, a Guest is only
* uniprocessor, so "id" is always 0.
*/
static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip) static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip)
{ {
/* We have a limited number the number of CPUs in the lguest struct. */ /* We have a limited number the number of CPUs in the lguest struct. */
@ -164,8 +178,10 @@ static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip)
/* Each CPU has a timer it can set. */ /* Each CPU has a timer it can set. */
init_clockdev(cpu); init_clockdev(cpu);
/* We need a complete page for the Guest registers: they are accessible /*
* to the Guest and we can only grant it access to whole pages. */ * We need a complete page for the Guest registers: they are accessible
* to the Guest and we can only grant it access to whole pages.
*/
cpu->regs_page = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL); cpu->regs_page = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!cpu->regs_page) if (!cpu->regs_page)
return -ENOMEM; return -ENOMEM;
@ -173,29 +189,38 @@ static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip)
/* We actually put the registers at the bottom of the page. */ /* We actually put the registers at the bottom of the page. */
cpu->regs = (void *)cpu->regs_page + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(*cpu->regs); cpu->regs = (void *)cpu->regs_page + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(*cpu->regs);
/* Now we initialize the Guest's registers, handing it the start /*
* address. */ * Now we initialize the Guest's registers, handing it the start
* address.
*/
lguest_arch_setup_regs(cpu, start_ip); lguest_arch_setup_regs(cpu, start_ip);
/* We keep a pointer to the Launcher task (ie. current task) for when /*
* other Guests want to wake this one (eg. console input). */ * We keep a pointer to the Launcher task (ie. current task) for when
* other Guests want to wake this one (eg. console input).
*/
cpu->tsk = current; cpu->tsk = current;
/* We need to keep a pointer to the Launcher's memory map, because if /*
* We need to keep a pointer to the Launcher's memory map, because if
* the Launcher dies we need to clean it up. If we don't keep a * the Launcher dies we need to clean it up. If we don't keep a
* reference, it is destroyed before close() is called. */ * reference, it is destroyed before close() is called.
*/
cpu->mm = get_task_mm(cpu->tsk); cpu->mm = get_task_mm(cpu->tsk);
/* We remember which CPU's pages this Guest used last, for optimization /*
* when the same Guest runs on the same CPU twice. */ * We remember which CPU's pages this Guest used last, for optimization
* when the same Guest runs on the same CPU twice.
*/
cpu->last_pages = NULL; cpu->last_pages = NULL;
/* No error == success. */ /* No error == success. */
return 0; return 0;
} }
/*L:020 The initialization write supplies 3 pointer sized (32 or 64 bit) /*L:020
* values (in addition to the LHREQ_INITIALIZE value). These are: * The initialization write supplies 3 pointer sized (32 or 64 bit) values (in
* addition to the LHREQ_INITIALIZE value). These are:
* *
* base: The start of the Guest-physical memory inside the Launcher memory. * base: The start of the Guest-physical memory inside the Launcher memory.
* *
@ -207,14 +232,15 @@ static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip)
*/ */
static int initialize(struct file *file, const unsigned long __user *input) static int initialize(struct file *file, const unsigned long __user *input)
{ {
/* "struct lguest" contains everything we (the Host) know about a /* "struct lguest" contains all we (the Host) know about a Guest. */
* Guest. */
struct lguest *lg; struct lguest *lg;
int err; int err;
unsigned long args[3]; unsigned long args[3];
/* We grab the Big Lguest lock, which protects against multiple /*
* simultaneous initializations. */ * We grab the Big Lguest lock, which protects against multiple
* simultaneous initializations.
*/
mutex_lock(&lguest_lock); mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);
/* You can't initialize twice! Close the device and start again... */ /* You can't initialize twice! Close the device and start again... */
if (file->private_data) { if (file->private_data) {
@ -249,8 +275,10 @@ static int initialize(struct file *file, const unsigned long __user *input)
if (err) if (err)
goto free_eventfds; goto free_eventfds;
/* Initialize the Guest's shadow page tables, using the toplevel /*
* address the Launcher gave us. This allocates memory, so can fail. */ * Initialize the Guest's shadow page tables, using the toplevel
* address the Launcher gave us. This allocates memory, so can fail.
*/
err = init_guest_pagetable(lg); err = init_guest_pagetable(lg);
if (err) if (err)
goto free_regs; goto free_regs;
@ -275,7 +303,8 @@ unlock:
return err; return err;
} }
/*L:010 The first operation the Launcher does must be a write. All writes /*L:010
* The first operation the Launcher does must be a write. All writes
* start with an unsigned long number: for the first write this must be * start with an unsigned long number: for the first write this must be
* LHREQ_INITIALIZE to set up the Guest. After that the Launcher can use * LHREQ_INITIALIZE to set up the Guest. After that the Launcher can use
* writes of other values to send interrupts. * writes of other values to send interrupts.
@ -283,12 +312,15 @@ unlock:
* Note that we overload the "offset" in the /dev/lguest file to indicate what * Note that we overload the "offset" in the /dev/lguest file to indicate what
* CPU number we're dealing with. Currently this is always 0, since we only * CPU number we're dealing with. Currently this is always 0, since we only
* support uniprocessor Guests, but you can see the beginnings of SMP support * support uniprocessor Guests, but you can see the beginnings of SMP support
* here. */ * here.
*/
static ssize_t write(struct file *file, const char __user *in, static ssize_t write(struct file *file, const char __user *in,
size_t size, loff_t *off) size_t size, loff_t *off)
{ {
/* Once the Guest is initialized, we hold the "struct lguest" in the /*
* file private data. */ * Once the Guest is initialized, we hold the "struct lguest" in the
* file private data.
*/
struct lguest *lg = file->private_data; struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
const unsigned long __user *input = (const unsigned long __user *)in; const unsigned long __user *input = (const unsigned long __user *)in;
unsigned long req; unsigned long req;
@ -323,13 +355,15 @@ static ssize_t write(struct file *file, const char __user *in,
} }
} }
/*L:060 The final piece of interface code is the close() routine. It reverses /*L:060
* The final piece of interface code is the close() routine. It reverses
* everything done in initialize(). This is usually called because the * everything done in initialize(). This is usually called because the
* Launcher exited. * Launcher exited.
* *
* Note that the close routine returns 0 or a negative error number: it can't * Note that the close routine returns 0 or a negative error number: it can't
* really fail, but it can whine. I blame Sun for this wart, and K&R C for * really fail, but it can whine. I blame Sun for this wart, and K&R C for
* letting them do it. :*/ * letting them do it.
:*/
static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{ {
struct lguest *lg = file->private_data; struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
@ -339,8 +373,10 @@ static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
if (!lg) if (!lg)
return 0; return 0;
/* We need the big lock, to protect from inter-guest I/O and other /*
* Launchers initializing guests. */ * We need the big lock, to protect from inter-guest I/O and other
* Launchers initializing guests.
*/
mutex_lock(&lguest_lock); mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);
/* Free up the shadow page tables for the Guest. */ /* Free up the shadow page tables for the Guest. */
@ -351,8 +387,10 @@ static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
hrtimer_cancel(&lg->cpus[i].hrt); hrtimer_cancel(&lg->cpus[i].hrt);
/* We can free up the register page we allocated. */ /* We can free up the register page we allocated. */
free_page(lg->cpus[i].regs_page); free_page(lg->cpus[i].regs_page);
/* Now all the memory cleanups are done, it's safe to release /*
* the Launcher's memory management structure. */ * Now all the memory cleanups are done, it's safe to release
* the Launcher's memory management structure.
*/
mmput(lg->cpus[i].mm); mmput(lg->cpus[i].mm);
} }
@ -361,8 +399,10 @@ static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
eventfd_ctx_put(lg->eventfds->map[i].event); eventfd_ctx_put(lg->eventfds->map[i].event);
kfree(lg->eventfds); kfree(lg->eventfds);
/* If lg->dead doesn't contain an error code it will be NULL or a /*
* kmalloc()ed string, either of which is ok to hand to kfree(). */ * If lg->dead doesn't contain an error code it will be NULL or a
* kmalloc()ed string, either of which is ok to hand to kfree().
*/
if (!IS_ERR(lg->dead)) if (!IS_ERR(lg->dead))
kfree(lg->dead); kfree(lg->dead);
/* Free the memory allocated to the lguest_struct */ /* Free the memory allocated to the lguest_struct */
@ -386,7 +426,8 @@ static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
* *
* We begin our understanding with the Host kernel interface which the Launcher * We begin our understanding with the Host kernel interface which the Launcher
* uses: reading and writing a character device called /dev/lguest. All the * uses: reading and writing a character device called /dev/lguest. All the
* work happens in the read(), write() and close() routines: */ * work happens in the read(), write() and close() routines:
*/
static struct file_operations lguest_fops = { static struct file_operations lguest_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, .owner = THIS_MODULE,
.release = close, .release = close,
@ -394,8 +435,10 @@ static struct file_operations lguest_fops = {
.read = read, .read = read,
}; };
/* This is a textbook example of a "misc" character device. Populate a "struct /*
* miscdevice" and register it with misc_register(). */ * This is a textbook example of a "misc" character device. Populate a "struct
* miscdevice" and register it with misc_register().
*/
static struct miscdevice lguest_dev = { static struct miscdevice lguest_dev = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = "lguest", .name = "lguest",

427
drivers/lguest/page_tables.c
View file

@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
/*P:700 The pagetable code, on the other hand, still shows the scars of /*P:700
* The pagetable code, on the other hand, still shows the scars of
* previous encounters. It's functional, and as neat as it can be in the * previous encounters. It's functional, and as neat as it can be in the
* circumstances, but be wary, for these things are subtle and break easily. * circumstances, but be wary, for these things are subtle and break easily.
* The Guest provides a virtual to physical mapping, but we can neither trust * The Guest provides a virtual to physical mapping, but we can neither trust
* it nor use it: we verify and convert it here then point the CPU to the * it nor use it: we verify and convert it here then point the CPU to the
* converted Guest pages when running the Guest. :*/ * converted Guest pages when running the Guest.
:*/
/* Copyright (C) Rusty Russell IBM Corporation 2006. /* Copyright (C) Rusty Russell IBM Corporation 2006.
* GPL v2 and any later version */ * GPL v2 and any later version */
@ -17,10 +19,12 @@
#include <asm/bootparam.h> #include <asm/bootparam.h>
#include "lg.h" #include "lg.h"
/*M:008 We hold reference to pages, which prevents them from being swapped. /*M:008
* We hold reference to pages, which prevents them from being swapped.
* It'd be nice to have a callback in the "struct mm_struct" when Linux wants * It'd be nice to have a callback in the "struct mm_struct" when Linux wants
* to swap out. If we had this, and a shrinker callback to trim PTE pages, we * to swap out. If we had this, and a shrinker callback to trim PTE pages, we
* could probably consider launching Guests as non-root. :*/ * could probably consider launching Guests as non-root.
:*/
/*H:300 /*H:300
* The Page Table Code * The Page Table Code
@ -45,16 +49,19 @@
* (v) Flushing (throwing away) page tables, * (v) Flushing (throwing away) page tables,
* (vi) Mapping the Switcher when the Guest is about to run, * (vi) Mapping the Switcher when the Guest is about to run,
* (vii) Setting up the page tables initially. * (vii) Setting up the page tables initially.
:*/ :*/
/*
/* 1024 entries in a page table page maps 1024 pages: 4MB. The Switcher is * 1024 entries in a page table page maps 1024 pages: 4MB. The Switcher is
* conveniently placed at the top 4MB, so it uses a separate, complete PTE * conveniently placed at the top 4MB, so it uses a separate, complete PTE
* page. */ * page.
*/
#define SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX (PTRS_PER_PGD - 1) #define SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX (PTRS_PER_PGD - 1)
/* For PAE we need the PMD index as well. We use the last 2MB, so we /*
* will need the last pmd entry of the last pmd page. */ * For PAE we need the PMD index as well. We use the last 2MB, so we
* will need the last pmd entry of the last pmd page.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
#define SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1) #define SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1)
#define RESERVE_MEM 2U #define RESERVE_MEM 2U
@ -64,13 +71,16 @@
#define CHECK_GPGD_MASK _PAGE_TABLE #define CHECK_GPGD_MASK _PAGE_TABLE
#endif #endif
/* We actually need a separate PTE page for each CPU. Remember that after the /*
* We actually need a separate PTE page for each CPU. Remember that after the
* Switcher code itself comes two pages for each CPU, and we don't want this * Switcher code itself comes two pages for each CPU, and we don't want this
* CPU's guest to see the pages of any other CPU. */ * CPU's guest to see the pages of any other CPU.
*/
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(pte_t *, switcher_pte_pages); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(pte_t *, switcher_pte_pages);
#define switcher_pte_page(cpu) per_cpu(switcher_pte_pages, cpu) #define switcher_pte_page(cpu) per_cpu(switcher_pte_pages, cpu)
/*H:320 The page table code is curly enough to need helper functions to keep it /*H:320
* The page table code is curly enough to need helper functions to keep it
* clear and clean. * clear and clean.
* *
* There are two functions which return pointers to the shadow (aka "real") * There are two functions which return pointers to the shadow (aka "real")
@ -79,7 +89,8 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(pte_t *, switcher_pte_pages);
* spgd_addr() takes the virtual address and returns a pointer to the top-level * spgd_addr() takes the virtual address and returns a pointer to the top-level
* page directory entry (PGD) for that address. Since we keep track of several * page directory entry (PGD) for that address. Since we keep track of several
* page tables, the "i" argument tells us which one we're interested in (it's * page tables, the "i" argument tells us which one we're interested in (it's
* usually the current one). */ * usually the current one).
*/
static pgd_t *spgd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 i, unsigned long vaddr) static pgd_t *spgd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 i, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
unsigned int index = pgd_index(vaddr); unsigned int index = pgd_index(vaddr);
@ -96,9 +107,11 @@ static pgd_t *spgd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 i, unsigned long vaddr)
} }
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
/* This routine then takes the PGD entry given above, which contains the /*
* This routine then takes the PGD entry given above, which contains the
* address of the PMD page. It then returns a pointer to the PMD entry for the * address of the PMD page. It then returns a pointer to the PMD entry for the
* given address. */ * given address.
*/
static pmd_t *spmd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr) static pmd_t *spmd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
unsigned int index = pmd_index(vaddr); unsigned int index = pmd_index(vaddr);
@ -119,9 +132,11 @@ static pmd_t *spmd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr)
} }
#endif #endif
/* This routine then takes the page directory entry returned above, which /*
* This routine then takes the page directory entry returned above, which
* contains the address of the page table entry (PTE) page. It then returns a * contains the address of the page table entry (PTE) page. It then returns a
* pointer to the PTE entry for the given address. */ * pointer to the PTE entry for the given address.
*/
static pte_t *spte_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr) static pte_t *spte_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
@ -139,8 +154,10 @@ static pte_t *spte_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pgd_t spgd, unsigned long vaddr)
return &page[pte_index(vaddr)]; return &page[pte_index(vaddr)];
} }
/* These two functions just like the above two, except they access the Guest /*
* page tables. Hence they return a Guest address. */ * These two functions just like the above two, except they access the Guest
* page tables. Hence they return a Guest address.
*/
static unsigned long gpgd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr) static unsigned long gpgd_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
unsigned int index = vaddr >> (PGDIR_SHIFT); unsigned int index = vaddr >> (PGDIR_SHIFT);
@ -175,17 +192,21 @@ static unsigned long gpte_addr(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
#endif #endif
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*M:014 get_pfn is slow: we could probably try to grab batches of pages here as /*M:014
* an optimization (ie. pre-faulting). :*/ * get_pfn is slow: we could probably try to grab batches of pages here as
* an optimization (ie. pre-faulting).
:*/
/*H:350 This routine takes a page number given by the Guest and converts it to /*H:350
* This routine takes a page number given by the Guest and converts it to
* an actual, physical page number. It can fail for several reasons: the * an actual, physical page number. It can fail for several reasons: the
* virtual address might not be mapped by the Launcher, the write flag is set * virtual address might not be mapped by the Launcher, the write flag is set
* and the page is read-only, or the write flag was set and the page was * and the page is read-only, or the write flag was set and the page was
* shared so had to be copied, but we ran out of memory. * shared so had to be copied, but we ran out of memory.
* *
* This holds a reference to the page, so release_pte() is careful to put that * This holds a reference to the page, so release_pte() is careful to put that
* back. */ * back.
*/
static unsigned long get_pfn(unsigned long virtpfn, int write) static unsigned long get_pfn(unsigned long virtpfn, int write)
{ {
struct page *page; struct page *page;
@ -198,33 +219,41 @@ static unsigned long get_pfn(unsigned long virtpfn, int write)
return -1UL; return -1UL;
} }
/*H:340 Converting a Guest page table entry to a shadow (ie. real) page table /*H:340
* Converting a Guest page table entry to a shadow (ie. real) page table
* entry can be a little tricky. The flags are (almost) the same, but the * entry can be a little tricky. The flags are (almost) the same, but the
* Guest PTE contains a virtual page number: the CPU needs the real page * Guest PTE contains a virtual page number: the CPU needs the real page
* number. */ * number.
*/
static pte_t gpte_to_spte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pte_t gpte, int write) static pte_t gpte_to_spte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pte_t gpte, int write)
{ {
unsigned long pfn, base, flags; unsigned long pfn, base, flags;
/* The Guest sets the global flag, because it thinks that it is using /*
* The Guest sets the global flag, because it thinks that it is using
* PGE. We only told it to use PGE so it would tell us whether it was * PGE. We only told it to use PGE so it would tell us whether it was
* flushing a kernel mapping or a userspace mapping. We don't actually * flushing a kernel mapping or a userspace mapping. We don't actually
* use the global bit, so throw it away. */ * use the global bit, so throw it away.
*/
flags = (pte_flags(gpte) & ~_PAGE_GLOBAL); flags = (pte_flags(gpte) & ~_PAGE_GLOBAL);
/* The Guest's pages are offset inside the Launcher. */ /* The Guest's pages are offset inside the Launcher. */
base = (unsigned long)cpu->lg->mem_base / PAGE_SIZE; base = (unsigned long)cpu->lg->mem_base / PAGE_SIZE;
/* We need a temporary "unsigned long" variable to hold the answer from /*
* We need a temporary "unsigned long" variable to hold the answer from
* get_pfn(), because it returns 0xFFFFFFFF on failure, which wouldn't * get_pfn(), because it returns 0xFFFFFFFF on failure, which wouldn't
* fit in spte.pfn. get_pfn() finds the real physical number of the * fit in spte.pfn. get_pfn() finds the real physical number of the
* page, given the virtual number. */ * page, given the virtual number.
*/
pfn = get_pfn(base + pte_pfn(gpte), write); pfn = get_pfn(base + pte_pfn(gpte), write);
if (pfn == -1UL) { if (pfn == -1UL) {
kill_guest(cpu, "failed to get page %lu", pte_pfn(gpte)); kill_guest(cpu, "failed to get page %lu", pte_pfn(gpte));
/* When we destroy the Guest, we'll go through the shadow page /*
* When we destroy the Guest, we'll go through the shadow page
* tables and release_pte() them. Make sure we don't think * tables and release_pte() them. Make sure we don't think
* this one is valid! */ * this one is valid!
*/
flags = 0; flags = 0;
} }
/* Now we assemble our shadow PTE from the page number and flags. */ /* Now we assemble our shadow PTE from the page number and flags. */
@ -234,8 +263,10 @@ static pte_t gpte_to_spte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pte_t gpte, int write)
/*H:460 And to complete the chain, release_pte() looks like this: */ /*H:460 And to complete the chain, release_pte() looks like this: */
static void release_pte(pte_t pte) static void release_pte(pte_t pte)
{ {
/* Remember that get_user_pages_fast() took a reference to the page, in /*
* get_pfn()? We have to put it back now. */ * Remember that get_user_pages_fast() took a reference to the page, in
* get_pfn()? We have to put it back now.
*/
if (pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT) if (pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT)
put_page(pte_page(pte)); put_page(pte_page(pte));
} }
@ -273,7 +304,8 @@ static void check_gpmd(struct lg_cpu *cpu, pmd_t gpmd)
* and return to the Guest without it knowing. * and return to the Guest without it knowing.
* *
* If we fixed up the fault (ie. we mapped the address), this routine returns * If we fixed up the fault (ie. we mapped the address), this routine returns
* true. Otherwise, it was a real fault and we need to tell the Guest. */ * true. Otherwise, it was a real fault and we need to tell the Guest.
*/
bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode) bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
{ {
pgd_t gpgd; pgd_t gpgd;
@ -298,22 +330,26 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
if (!(pgd_flags(*spgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) { if (!(pgd_flags(*spgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
/* No shadow entry: allocate a new shadow PTE page. */ /* No shadow entry: allocate a new shadow PTE page. */
unsigned long ptepage = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL); unsigned long ptepage = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
/* This is not really the Guest's fault, but killing it is /*
* simple for this corner case. */ * This is not really the Guest's fault, but killing it is
* simple for this corner case.
*/
if (!ptepage) { if (!ptepage) {
kill_guest(cpu, "out of memory allocating pte page"); kill_guest(cpu, "out of memory allocating pte page");
return false; return false;
} }
/* We check that the Guest pgd is OK. */ /* We check that the Guest pgd is OK. */
check_gpgd(cpu, gpgd); check_gpgd(cpu, gpgd);
/* And we copy the flags to the shadow PGD entry. The page /*
* number in the shadow PGD is the page we just allocated. */ * And we copy the flags to the shadow PGD entry. The page
* number in the shadow PGD is the page we just allocated.
*/
set_pgd(spgd, __pgd(__pa(ptepage) | pgd_flags(gpgd))); set_pgd(spgd, __pgd(__pa(ptepage) | pgd_flags(gpgd)));
} }
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
gpmd = lgread(cpu, gpmd_addr(gpgd, vaddr), pmd_t); gpmd = lgread(cpu, gpmd_addr(gpgd, vaddr), pmd_t);
/* middle level not present? We can't map it in. */ /* Middle level not present? We can't map it in. */
if (!(pmd_flags(gpmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) if (!(pmd_flags(gpmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT))
return false; return false;
@ -324,8 +360,10 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
/* No shadow entry: allocate a new shadow PTE page. */ /* No shadow entry: allocate a new shadow PTE page. */
unsigned long ptepage = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL); unsigned long ptepage = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
/* This is not really the Guest's fault, but killing it is /*
* simple for this corner case. */ * This is not really the Guest's fault, but killing it is
* simple for this corner case.
*/
if (!ptepage) { if (!ptepage) {
kill_guest(cpu, "out of memory allocating pte page"); kill_guest(cpu, "out of memory allocating pte page");
return false; return false;
@ -334,17 +372,23 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
/* We check that the Guest pmd is OK. */ /* We check that the Guest pmd is OK. */
check_gpmd(cpu, gpmd); check_gpmd(cpu, gpmd);
/* And we copy the flags to the shadow PMD entry. The page /*
* number in the shadow PMD is the page we just allocated. */ * And we copy the flags to the shadow PMD entry. The page
* number in the shadow PMD is the page we just allocated.
*/
native_set_pmd(spmd, __pmd(__pa(ptepage) | pmd_flags(gpmd))); native_set_pmd(spmd, __pmd(__pa(ptepage) | pmd_flags(gpmd)));
} }
/* OK, now we look at the lower level in the Guest page table: keep its /*
* address, because we might update it later. */ * OK, now we look at the lower level in the Guest page table: keep its
* address, because we might update it later.
*/
gpte_ptr = gpte_addr(cpu, gpmd, vaddr); gpte_ptr = gpte_addr(cpu, gpmd, vaddr);
#else #else
/* OK, now we look at the lower level in the Guest page table: keep its /*
* address, because we might update it later. */ * OK, now we look at the lower level in the Guest page table: keep its
* address, because we might update it later.
*/
gpte_ptr = gpte_addr(cpu, gpgd, vaddr); gpte_ptr = gpte_addr(cpu, gpgd, vaddr);
#endif #endif
gpte = lgread(cpu, gpte_ptr, pte_t); gpte = lgread(cpu, gpte_ptr, pte_t);
@ -353,8 +397,10 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
if (!(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) if (!(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_PRESENT))
return false; return false;
/* Check they're not trying to write to a page the Guest wants /*
* read-only (bit 2 of errcode == write). */ * Check they're not trying to write to a page the Guest wants
* read-only (bit 2 of errcode == write).
*/
if ((errcode & 2) && !(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_RW)) if ((errcode & 2) && !(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_RW))
return false; return false;
@ -362,8 +408,10 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
if ((errcode & 4) && !(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_USER)) if ((errcode & 4) && !(pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_USER))
return false; return false;
/* Check that the Guest PTE flags are OK, and the page number is below /*
* the pfn_limit (ie. not mapping the Launcher binary). */ * Check that the Guest PTE flags are OK, and the page number is below
* the pfn_limit (ie. not mapping the Launcher binary).
*/
check_gpte(cpu, gpte); check_gpte(cpu, gpte);
/* Add the _PAGE_ACCESSED and (for a write) _PAGE_DIRTY flag */ /* Add the _PAGE_ACCESSED and (for a write) _PAGE_DIRTY flag */
@ -373,29 +421,40 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
/* Get the pointer to the shadow PTE entry we're going to set. */ /* Get the pointer to the shadow PTE entry we're going to set. */
spte = spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr); spte = spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr);
/* If there was a valid shadow PTE entry here before, we release it.
* This can happen with a write to a previously read-only entry. */ /*
* If there was a valid shadow PTE entry here before, we release it.
* This can happen with a write to a previously read-only entry.
*/
release_pte(*spte); release_pte(*spte);
/* If this is a write, we insist that the Guest page is writable (the /*
* final arg to gpte_to_spte()). */ * If this is a write, we insist that the Guest page is writable (the
* final arg to gpte_to_spte()).
*/
if (pte_dirty(gpte)) if (pte_dirty(gpte))
*spte = gpte_to_spte(cpu, gpte, 1); *spte = gpte_to_spte(cpu, gpte, 1);
else else
/* If this is a read, don't set the "writable" bit in the page /*
* If this is a read, don't set the "writable" bit in the page
* table entry, even if the Guest says it's writable. That way * table entry, even if the Guest says it's writable. That way
* we will come back here when a write does actually occur, so * we will come back here when a write does actually occur, so
* we can update the Guest's _PAGE_DIRTY flag. */ * we can update the Guest's _PAGE_DIRTY flag.
*/
native_set_pte(spte, gpte_to_spte(cpu, pte_wrprotect(gpte), 0)); native_set_pte(spte, gpte_to_spte(cpu, pte_wrprotect(gpte), 0));
/* Finally, we write the Guest PTE entry back: we've set the /*
* _PAGE_ACCESSED and maybe the _PAGE_DIRTY flags. */ * Finally, we write the Guest PTE entry back: we've set the
* _PAGE_ACCESSED and maybe the _PAGE_DIRTY flags.
*/
lgwrite(cpu, gpte_ptr, pte_t, gpte); lgwrite(cpu, gpte_ptr, pte_t, gpte);
/* The fault is fixed, the page table is populated, the mapping /*
* The fault is fixed, the page table is populated, the mapping
* manipulated, the result returned and the code complete. A small * manipulated, the result returned and the code complete. A small
* delay and a trace of alliteration are the only indications the Guest * delay and a trace of alliteration are the only indications the Guest
* has that a page fault occurred at all. */ * has that a page fault occurred at all.
*/
return true; return true;
} }
@ -408,7 +467,8 @@ bool demand_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr, int errcode)
* mapped, so it's overkill. * mapped, so it's overkill.
* *
* This is a quick version which answers the question: is this virtual address * This is a quick version which answers the question: is this virtual address
* mapped by the shadow page tables, and is it writable? */ * mapped by the shadow page tables, and is it writable?
*/
static bool page_writable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr) static bool page_writable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
pgd_t *spgd; pgd_t *spgd;
@ -428,16 +488,20 @@ static bool page_writable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr)
return false; return false;
#endif #endif
/* Check the flags on the pte entry itself: it must be present and /*
* writable. */ * Check the flags on the pte entry itself: it must be present and
* writable.
*/
flags = pte_flags(*(spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr))); flags = pte_flags(*(spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr)));
return (flags & (_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW)) == (_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW); return (flags & (_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW)) == (_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW);
} }
/* So, when pin_stack_pages() asks us to pin a page, we check if it's already /*
* So, when pin_stack_pages() asks us to pin a page, we check if it's already
* in the page tables, and if not, we call demand_page() with error code 2 * in the page tables, and if not, we call demand_page() with error code 2
* (meaning "write"). */ * (meaning "write").
*/
void pin_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr) void pin_page(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr)
{ {
if (!page_writable(cpu, vaddr) && !demand_page(cpu, vaddr, 2)) if (!page_writable(cpu, vaddr) && !demand_page(cpu, vaddr, 2))
@ -485,9 +549,11 @@ static void release_pgd(pgd_t *spgd)
/* If the entry's not present, there's nothing to release. */ /* If the entry's not present, there's nothing to release. */
if (pgd_flags(*spgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT) { if (pgd_flags(*spgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT) {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
/* Converting the pfn to find the actual PTE page is easy: turn /*
* Converting the pfn to find the actual PTE page is easy: turn
* the page number into a physical address, then convert to a * the page number into a physical address, then convert to a
* virtual address (easy for kernel pages like this one). */ * virtual address (easy for kernel pages like this one).
*/
pte_t *ptepage = __va(pgd_pfn(*spgd) << PAGE_SHIFT); pte_t *ptepage = __va(pgd_pfn(*spgd) << PAGE_SHIFT);
/* For each entry in the page, we might need to release it. */ /* For each entry in the page, we might need to release it. */
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++) for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++)
@ -499,9 +565,12 @@ static void release_pgd(pgd_t *spgd)
} }
} }
#endif #endif
/*H:445 We saw flush_user_mappings() twice: once from the flush_user_mappings()
/*H:445
* We saw flush_user_mappings() twice: once from the flush_user_mappings()
* hypercall and once in new_pgdir() when we re-used a top-level pgdir page. * hypercall and once in new_pgdir() when we re-used a top-level pgdir page.
* It simply releases every PTE page from 0 up to the Guest's kernel address. */ * It simply releases every PTE page from 0 up to the Guest's kernel address.
*/
static void flush_user_mappings(struct lguest *lg, int idx) static void flush_user_mappings(struct lguest *lg, int idx)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -510,10 +579,12 @@ static void flush_user_mappings(struct lguest *lg, int idx)
release_pgd(lg->pgdirs[idx].pgdir + i); release_pgd(lg->pgdirs[idx].pgdir + i);
} }
/*H:440 (v) Flushing (throwing away) page tables, /*H:440
* (v) Flushing (throwing away) page tables,
* *
* The Guest has a hypercall to throw away the page tables: it's used when a * The Guest has a hypercall to throw away the page tables: it's used when a
* large number of mappings have been changed. */ * large number of mappings have been changed.
*/
void guest_pagetable_flush_user(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void guest_pagetable_flush_user(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
/* Drop the userspace part of the current page table. */ /* Drop the userspace part of the current page table. */
@ -551,9 +622,11 @@ unsigned long guest_pa(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long vaddr)
return pte_pfn(gpte) * PAGE_SIZE | (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK); return pte_pfn(gpte) * PAGE_SIZE | (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK);
} }
/* We keep several page tables. This is a simple routine to find the page /*
* We keep several page tables. This is a simple routine to find the page
* table (if any) corresponding to this top-level address the Guest has given * table (if any) corresponding to this top-level address the Guest has given
* us. */ * us.
*/
static unsigned int find_pgdir(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long pgtable) static unsigned int find_pgdir(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long pgtable)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -563,9 +636,11 @@ static unsigned int find_pgdir(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long pgtable)
return i; return i;
} }
/*H:435 And this is us, creating the new page directory. If we really do /*H:435
* And this is us, creating the new page directory. If we really do
* allocate a new one (and so the kernel parts are not there), we set * allocate a new one (and so the kernel parts are not there), we set
* blank_pgdir. */ * blank_pgdir.
*/
static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu, static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
unsigned long gpgdir, unsigned long gpgdir,
int *blank_pgdir) int *blank_pgdir)
@ -575,8 +650,10 @@ static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
pmd_t *pmd_table; pmd_t *pmd_table;
#endif #endif
/* We pick one entry at random to throw out. Choosing the Least /*
* Recently Used might be better, but this is easy. */ * We pick one entry at random to throw out. Choosing the Least
* Recently Used might be better, but this is easy.
*/
next = random32() % ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs); next = random32() % ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs);
/* If it's never been allocated at all before, try now. */ /* If it's never been allocated at all before, try now. */
if (!cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir) { if (!cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir) {
@ -587,8 +664,10 @@ static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
next = cpu->cpu_pgd; next = cpu->cpu_pgd;
else { else {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
/* In PAE mode, allocate a pmd page and populate the /*
* last pgd entry. */ * In PAE mode, allocate a pmd page and populate the
* last pgd entry.
*/
pmd_table = (pmd_t *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL); pmd_table = (pmd_t *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!pmd_table) { if (!pmd_table) {
free_page((long)cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir); free_page((long)cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir);
@ -598,8 +677,10 @@ static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
set_pgd(cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir + set_pgd(cpu->lg->pgdirs[next].pgdir +
SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX, SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX,
__pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT)); __pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
/* This is a blank page, so there are no kernel /*
* mappings: caller must map the stack! */ * This is a blank page, so there are no kernel
* mappings: caller must map the stack!
*/
*blank_pgdir = 1; *blank_pgdir = 1;
} }
#else #else
@ -615,19 +696,23 @@ static unsigned int new_pgdir(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
return next; return next;
} }
/*H:430 (iv) Switching page tables /*H:430
* (iv) Switching page tables
* *
* Now we've seen all the page table setting and manipulation, let's see * Now we've seen all the page table setting and manipulation, let's see
* what happens when the Guest changes page tables (ie. changes the top-level * what happens when the Guest changes page tables (ie. changes the top-level
* pgdir). This occurs on almost every context switch. */ * pgdir). This occurs on almost every context switch.
*/
void guest_new_pagetable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long pgtable) void guest_new_pagetable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long pgtable)
{ {
int newpgdir, repin = 0; int newpgdir, repin = 0;
/* Look to see if we have this one already. */ /* Look to see if we have this one already. */
newpgdir = find_pgdir(cpu->lg, pgtable); newpgdir = find_pgdir(cpu->lg, pgtable);
/* If not, we allocate or mug an existing one: if it's a fresh one, /*
* repin gets set to 1. */ * If not, we allocate or mug an existing one: if it's a fresh one,
* repin gets set to 1.
*/
if (newpgdir == ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs)) if (newpgdir == ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs))
newpgdir = new_pgdir(cpu, pgtable, &repin); newpgdir = new_pgdir(cpu, pgtable, &repin);
/* Change the current pgd index to the new one. */ /* Change the current pgd index to the new one. */
@ -637,9 +722,11 @@ void guest_new_pagetable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long pgtable)
pin_stack_pages(cpu); pin_stack_pages(cpu);
} }
/*H:470 Finally, a routine which throws away everything: all PGD entries in all /*H:470
* Finally, a routine which throws away everything: all PGD entries in all
* the shadow page tables, including the Guest's kernel mappings. This is used * the shadow page tables, including the Guest's kernel mappings. This is used
* when we destroy the Guest. */ * when we destroy the Guest.
*/
static void release_all_pagetables(struct lguest *lg) static void release_all_pagetables(struct lguest *lg)
{ {
unsigned int i, j; unsigned int i, j;
@ -656,8 +743,10 @@ static void release_all_pagetables(struct lguest *lg)
spgd = lg->pgdirs[i].pgdir + SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX; spgd = lg->pgdirs[i].pgdir + SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX;
pmdpage = __va(pgd_pfn(*spgd) << PAGE_SHIFT); pmdpage = __va(pgd_pfn(*spgd) << PAGE_SHIFT);
/* And release the pmd entries of that pmd page, /*
* except for the switcher pmd. */ * And release the pmd entries of that pmd page,
* except for the switcher pmd.
*/
for (k = 0; k < SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX; k++) for (k = 0; k < SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX; k++)
release_pmd(&pmdpage[k]); release_pmd(&pmdpage[k]);
#endif #endif
@ -667,10 +756,12 @@ static void release_all_pagetables(struct lguest *lg)
} }
} }
/* We also throw away everything when a Guest tells us it's changed a kernel /*
* We also throw away everything when a Guest tells us it's changed a kernel
* mapping. Since kernel mappings are in every page table, it's easiest to * mapping. Since kernel mappings are in every page table, it's easiest to
* throw them all away. This traps the Guest in amber for a while as * throw them all away. This traps the Guest in amber for a while as
* everything faults back in, but it's rare. */ * everything faults back in, but it's rare.
*/
void guest_pagetable_clear_all(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void guest_pagetable_clear_all(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
release_all_pagetables(cpu->lg); release_all_pagetables(cpu->lg);
@ -678,15 +769,19 @@ void guest_pagetable_clear_all(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
pin_stack_pages(cpu); pin_stack_pages(cpu);
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*M:009 Since we throw away all mappings when a kernel mapping changes, our
/*M:009
* Since we throw away all mappings when a kernel mapping changes, our
* performance sucks for guests using highmem. In fact, a guest with * performance sucks for guests using highmem. In fact, a guest with
* PAGE_OFFSET 0xc0000000 (the default) and more than about 700MB of RAM is * PAGE_OFFSET 0xc0000000 (the default) and more than about 700MB of RAM is
* usually slower than a Guest with less memory. * usually slower than a Guest with less memory.
* *
* This, of course, cannot be fixed. It would take some kind of... well, I * This, of course, cannot be fixed. It would take some kind of... well, I
* don't know, but the term "puissant code-fu" comes to mind. :*/ * don't know, but the term "puissant code-fu" comes to mind.
:*/
/*H:420 This is the routine which actually sets the page table entry for then /*H:420
* This is the routine which actually sets the page table entry for then
* "idx"'th shadow page table. * "idx"'th shadow page table.
* *
* Normally, we can just throw out the old entry and replace it with 0: if they * Normally, we can just throw out the old entry and replace it with 0: if they
@ -715,31 +810,36 @@ static void do_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, int idx,
spmd = spmd_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr); spmd = spmd_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr);
if (pmd_flags(*spmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT) { if (pmd_flags(*spmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT) {
#endif #endif
/* Otherwise, we start by releasing /* Otherwise, start by releasing the existing entry. */
* the existing entry. */
pte_t *spte = spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr); pte_t *spte = spte_addr(cpu, *spgd, vaddr);
release_pte(*spte); release_pte(*spte);
/* If they're setting this entry as dirty or accessed, /*
* we might as well put that entry they've given us * If they're setting this entry as dirty or accessed,
* in now. This shaves 10% off a * we might as well put that entry they've given us in
* copy-on-write micro-benchmark. */ * now. This shaves 10% off a copy-on-write
* micro-benchmark.
*/
if (pte_flags(gpte) & (_PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED)) { if (pte_flags(gpte) & (_PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED)) {
check_gpte(cpu, gpte); check_gpte(cpu, gpte);
native_set_pte(spte, native_set_pte(spte,
gpte_to_spte(cpu, gpte, gpte_to_spte(cpu, gpte,
pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_DIRTY)); pte_flags(gpte) & _PAGE_DIRTY));
} else } else {
/* Otherwise kill it and we can demand_page() /*
* it in later. */ * Otherwise kill it and we can demand_page()
* it in later.
*/
native_set_pte(spte, __pte(0)); native_set_pte(spte, __pte(0));
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
} }
#endif #endif
} }
} }
/*H:410 Updating a PTE entry is a little trickier. /*H:410
* Updating a PTE entry is a little trickier.
* *
* We keep track of several different page tables (the Guest uses one for each * We keep track of several different page tables (the Guest uses one for each
* process, so it makes sense to cache at least a few). Each of these have * process, so it makes sense to cache at least a few). Each of these have
@ -748,12 +848,15 @@ static void do_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, int idx,
* all the page tables, not just the current one. This is rare. * all the page tables, not just the current one. This is rare.
* *
* The benefit is that when we have to track a new page table, we can keep all * The benefit is that when we have to track a new page table, we can keep all
* the kernel mappings. This speeds up context switch immensely. */ * the kernel mappings. This speeds up context switch immensely.
*/
void guest_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, void guest_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
unsigned long gpgdir, unsigned long vaddr, pte_t gpte) unsigned long gpgdir, unsigned long vaddr, pte_t gpte)
{ {
/* Kernel mappings must be changed on all top levels. Slow, but doesn't /*
* happen often. */ * Kernel mappings must be changed on all top levels. Slow, but doesn't
* happen often.
*/
if (vaddr >= cpu->lg->kernel_address) { if (vaddr >= cpu->lg->kernel_address) {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs); i++) for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs); i++)
@ -802,12 +905,14 @@ void guest_set_pmd(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long pmdp, u32 idx)
} }
#endif #endif
/* Once we know how much memory we have we can construct simple identity /*
* (which set virtual == physical) and linear mappings * Once we know how much memory we have we can construct simple identity (which
* which will get the Guest far enough into the boot to create its own. * set virtual == physical) and linear mappings which will get the Guest far
* enough into the boot to create its own.
* *
* We lay them out of the way, just below the initrd (which is why we need to * We lay them out of the way, just below the initrd (which is why we need to
* know its size here). */ * know its size here).
*/
static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg, static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg,
unsigned long mem, unsigned long mem,
unsigned long initrd_size) unsigned long initrd_size)
@ -825,8 +930,10 @@ static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg,
unsigned int phys_linear; unsigned int phys_linear;
#endif #endif
/* We have mapped_pages frames to map, so we need /*
* linear_pages page tables to map them. */ * We have mapped_pages frames to map, so we need linear_pages page
* tables to map them.
*/
mapped_pages = mem / PAGE_SIZE; mapped_pages = mem / PAGE_SIZE;
linear_pages = (mapped_pages + PTRS_PER_PTE - 1) / PTRS_PER_PTE; linear_pages = (mapped_pages + PTRS_PER_PTE - 1) / PTRS_PER_PTE;
@ -839,8 +946,10 @@ static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg,
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
pmds = (void *)linear - PAGE_SIZE; pmds = (void *)linear - PAGE_SIZE;
#endif #endif
/* Linear mapping is easy: put every page's address into the /*
* mapping in order. */ * Linear mapping is easy: put every page's address into the
* mapping in order.
*/
for (i = 0; i < mapped_pages; i++) { for (i = 0; i < mapped_pages; i++) {
pte_t pte; pte_t pte;
pte = pfn_pte(i, __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW|_PAGE_USER)); pte = pfn_pte(i, __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_RW|_PAGE_USER));
@ -848,8 +957,10 @@ static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg,
return -EFAULT; return -EFAULT;
} }
/* The top level points to the linear page table pages above. /*
* We setup the identity and linear mappings here. */ * The top level points to the linear page table pages above.
* We setup the identity and linear mappings here.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
for (i = j = 0; i < mapped_pages && j < PTRS_PER_PMD; for (i = j = 0; i < mapped_pages && j < PTRS_PER_PMD;
i += PTRS_PER_PTE, j++) { i += PTRS_PER_PTE, j++) {
@ -880,15 +991,19 @@ static unsigned long setup_pagetables(struct lguest *lg,
} }
#endif #endif
/* We return the top level (guest-physical) address: remember where /*
* this is. */ * We return the top level (guest-physical) address: remember where
* this is.
*/
return (unsigned long)pgdir - mem_base; return (unsigned long)pgdir - mem_base;
} }
/*H:500 (vii) Setting up the page tables initially. /*H:500
* (vii) Setting up the page tables initially.
* *
* When a Guest is first created, the Launcher tells us where the toplevel of * When a Guest is first created, the Launcher tells us where the toplevel of
* its first page table is. We set some things up here: */ * its first page table is. We set some things up here:
*/
int init_guest_pagetable(struct lguest *lg) int init_guest_pagetable(struct lguest *lg)
{ {
u64 mem; u64 mem;
@ -898,14 +1013,18 @@ int init_guest_pagetable(struct lguest *lg)
pgd_t *pgd; pgd_t *pgd;
pmd_t *pmd_table; pmd_t *pmd_table;
#endif #endif
/* Get the Guest memory size and the ramdisk size from the boot header /*
* located at lg->mem_base (Guest address 0). */ * Get the Guest memory size and the ramdisk size from the boot header
* located at lg->mem_base (Guest address 0).
*/
if (copy_from_user(&mem, &boot->e820_map[0].size, sizeof(mem)) if (copy_from_user(&mem, &boot->e820_map[0].size, sizeof(mem))
|| get_user(initrd_size, &boot->hdr.ramdisk_size)) || get_user(initrd_size, &boot->hdr.ramdisk_size))
return -EFAULT; return -EFAULT;
/* We start on the first shadow page table, and give it a blank PGD /*
* page. */ * We start on the first shadow page table, and give it a blank PGD
* page.
*/
lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir = setup_pagetables(lg, mem, initrd_size); lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir = setup_pagetables(lg, mem, initrd_size);
if (IS_ERR_VALUE(lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir)) if (IS_ERR_VALUE(lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir))
return lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir; return lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir;
@ -931,17 +1050,21 @@ void page_table_guest_data_init(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
/* We get the kernel address: above this is all kernel memory. */ /* We get the kernel address: above this is all kernel memory. */
if (get_user(cpu->lg->kernel_address, if (get_user(cpu->lg->kernel_address,
&cpu->lg->lguest_data->kernel_address) &cpu->lg->lguest_data->kernel_address)
/* We tell the Guest that it can't use the top 2 or 4 MB /*
* of virtual addresses used by the Switcher. */ * We tell the Guest that it can't use the top 2 or 4 MB
* of virtual addresses used by the Switcher.
*/
|| put_user(RESERVE_MEM * 1024 * 1024, || put_user(RESERVE_MEM * 1024 * 1024,
&cpu->lg->lguest_data->reserve_mem) &cpu->lg->lguest_data->reserve_mem)
|| put_user(cpu->lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir, || put_user(cpu->lg->pgdirs[0].gpgdir,
&cpu->lg->lguest_data->pgdir)) &cpu->lg->lguest_data->pgdir))
kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data); kill_guest(cpu, "bad guest page %p", cpu->lg->lguest_data);
/* In flush_user_mappings() we loop from 0 to /*
* In flush_user_mappings() we loop from 0 to
* "pgd_index(lg->kernel_address)". This assumes it won't hit the * "pgd_index(lg->kernel_address)". This assumes it won't hit the
* Switcher mappings, so check that now. */ * Switcher mappings, so check that now.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
if (pgd_index(cpu->lg->kernel_address) == SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX && if (pgd_index(cpu->lg->kernel_address) == SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX &&
pmd_index(cpu->lg->kernel_address) == SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX) pmd_index(cpu->lg->kernel_address) == SWITCHER_PMD_INDEX)
@ -964,12 +1087,14 @@ void free_guest_pagetable(struct lguest *lg)
free_page((long)lg->pgdirs[i].pgdir); free_page((long)lg->pgdirs[i].pgdir);
} }
/*H:480 (vi) Mapping the Switcher when the Guest is about to run. /*H:480
* (vi) Mapping the Switcher when the Guest is about to run.
* *
* The Switcher and the two pages for this CPU need to be visible in the * The Switcher and the two pages for this CPU need to be visible in the
* Guest (and not the pages for other CPUs). We have the appropriate PTE pages * Guest (and not the pages for other CPUs). We have the appropriate PTE pages
* for each CPU already set up, we just need to hook them in now we know which * for each CPU already set up, we just need to hook them in now we know which
* Guest is about to run on this CPU. */ * Guest is about to run on this CPU.
*/
void map_switcher_in_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages) void map_switcher_in_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages)
{ {
pte_t *switcher_pte_page = __get_cpu_var(switcher_pte_pages); pte_t *switcher_pte_page = __get_cpu_var(switcher_pte_pages);
@ -990,20 +1115,24 @@ void map_switcher_in_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages)
#else #else
pgd_t switcher_pgd; pgd_t switcher_pgd;
/* Make the last PGD entry for this Guest point to the Switcher's PTE /*
* page for this CPU (with appropriate flags). */ * Make the last PGD entry for this Guest point to the Switcher's PTE
* page for this CPU (with appropriate flags).
*/
switcher_pgd = __pgd(__pa(switcher_pte_page) | __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC); switcher_pgd = __pgd(__pa(switcher_pte_page) | __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
cpu->lg->pgdirs[cpu->cpu_pgd].pgdir[SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX] = switcher_pgd; cpu->lg->pgdirs[cpu->cpu_pgd].pgdir[SWITCHER_PGD_INDEX] = switcher_pgd;
#endif #endif
/* We also change the Switcher PTE page. When we're running the Guest, /*
* We also change the Switcher PTE page. When we're running the Guest,
* we want the Guest's "regs" page to appear where the first Switcher * we want the Guest's "regs" page to appear where the first Switcher
* page for this CPU is. This is an optimization: when the Switcher * page for this CPU is. This is an optimization: when the Switcher
* saves the Guest registers, it saves them into the first page of this * saves the Guest registers, it saves them into the first page of this
* CPU's "struct lguest_pages": if we make sure the Guest's register * CPU's "struct lguest_pages": if we make sure the Guest's register
* page is already mapped there, we don't have to copy them out * page is already mapped there, we don't have to copy them out
* again. */ * again.
*/
pfn = __pa(cpu->regs_page) >> PAGE_SHIFT; pfn = __pa(cpu->regs_page) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
native_set_pte(&regs_pte, pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL)); native_set_pte(&regs_pte, pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL));
native_set_pte(&switcher_pte_page[pte_index((unsigned long)pages)], native_set_pte(&switcher_pte_page[pte_index((unsigned long)pages)],
@ -1019,10 +1148,12 @@ static void free_switcher_pte_pages(void)
free_page((long)switcher_pte_page(i)); free_page((long)switcher_pte_page(i));
} }
/*H:520 Setting up the Switcher PTE page for given CPU is fairly easy, given /*H:520
* Setting up the Switcher PTE page for given CPU is fairly easy, given
* the CPU number and the "struct page"s for the Switcher code itself. * the CPU number and the "struct page"s for the Switcher code itself.
* *
* Currently the Switcher is less than a page long, so "pages" is always 1. */ * Currently the Switcher is less than a page long, so "pages" is always 1.
*/
static __init void populate_switcher_pte_page(unsigned int cpu, static __init void populate_switcher_pte_page(unsigned int cpu,
struct page *switcher_page[], struct page *switcher_page[],
unsigned int pages) unsigned int pages)
@ -1043,13 +1174,16 @@ static __init void populate_switcher_pte_page(unsigned int cpu,
native_set_pte(&pte[i], pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(switcher_page[i]), native_set_pte(&pte[i], pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(switcher_page[i]),
__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_ACCESSED|_PAGE_RW))); __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_ACCESSED|_PAGE_RW)));
/* The second page contains the "struct lguest_ro_state", and is /*
* read-only. */ * The second page contains the "struct lguest_ro_state", and is
* read-only.
*/
native_set_pte(&pte[i+1], pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(switcher_page[i+1]), native_set_pte(&pte[i+1], pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(switcher_page[i+1]),
__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_ACCESSED))); __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_ACCESSED)));
} }
/* We've made it through the page table code. Perhaps our tired brains are /*
* We've made it through the page table code. Perhaps our tired brains are
* still processing the details, or perhaps we're simply glad it's over. * still processing the details, or perhaps we're simply glad it's over.
* *
* If nothing else, note that all this complexity in juggling shadow page tables * If nothing else, note that all this complexity in juggling shadow page tables
@ -1058,10 +1192,13 @@ static __init void populate_switcher_pte_page(unsigned int cpu,
* uses exotic direct Guest pagetable manipulation, and why both Intel and AMD * uses exotic direct Guest pagetable manipulation, and why both Intel and AMD
* have implemented shadow page table support directly into hardware. * have implemented shadow page table support directly into hardware.
* *
* There is just one file remaining in the Host. */ * There is just one file remaining in the Host.
*/
/*H:510 At boot or module load time, init_pagetables() allocates and populates /*H:510
* the Switcher PTE page for each CPU. */ * At boot or module load time, init_pagetables() allocates and populates
* the Switcher PTE page for each CPU.
*/
__init int init_pagetables(struct page **switcher_page, unsigned int pages) __init int init_pagetables(struct page **switcher_page, unsigned int pages)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;

106
drivers/lguest/segments.c
View file

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
/*P:600 The x86 architecture has segments, which involve a table of descriptors /*P:600
* The x86 architecture has segments, which involve a table of descriptors
* which can be used to do funky things with virtual address interpretation. * which can be used to do funky things with virtual address interpretation.
* We originally used to use segments so the Guest couldn't alter the * We originally used to use segments so the Guest couldn't alter the
* Guest<->Host Switcher, and then we had to trim Guest segments, and restore * Guest<->Host Switcher, and then we had to trim Guest segments, and restore
@ -8,7 +9,8 @@
* *
* In these modern times, the segment handling code consists of simple sanity * In these modern times, the segment handling code consists of simple sanity
* checks, and the worst you'll experience reading this code is butterfly-rash * checks, and the worst you'll experience reading this code is butterfly-rash
* from frolicking through its parklike serenity. :*/ * from frolicking through its parklike serenity.
:*/
#include "lg.h" #include "lg.h"
/*H:600 /*H:600
@ -41,10 +43,12 @@
* begin. * begin.
*/ */
/* There are several entries we don't let the Guest set. The TSS entry is the /*
* There are several entries we don't let the Guest set. The TSS entry is the
* "Task State Segment" which controls all kinds of delicate things. The * "Task State Segment" which controls all kinds of delicate things. The
* LGUEST_CS and LGUEST_DS entries are reserved for the Switcher, and the * LGUEST_CS and LGUEST_DS entries are reserved for the Switcher, and the
* the Guest can't be trusted to deal with double faults. */ * the Guest can't be trusted to deal with double faults.
*/
static bool ignored_gdt(unsigned int num) static bool ignored_gdt(unsigned int num)
{ {
return (num == GDT_ENTRY_TSS return (num == GDT_ENTRY_TSS
@ -53,42 +57,52 @@ static bool ignored_gdt(unsigned int num)
|| num == GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS); || num == GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS);
} }
/*H:630 Once the Guest gave us new GDT entries, we fix them up a little. We /*H:630
* Once the Guest gave us new GDT entries, we fix them up a little. We
* don't care if they're invalid: the worst that can happen is a General * don't care if they're invalid: the worst that can happen is a General
* Protection Fault in the Switcher when it restores a Guest segment register * Protection Fault in the Switcher when it restores a Guest segment register
* which tries to use that entry. Then we kill the Guest for causing such a * which tries to use that entry. Then we kill the Guest for causing such a
* mess: the message will be "unhandled trap 256". */ * mess: the message will be "unhandled trap 256".
*/
static void fixup_gdt_table(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned start, unsigned end) static void fixup_gdt_table(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned start, unsigned end)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
for (i = start; i < end; i++) { for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
/* We never copy these ones to real GDT, so we don't care what /*
* they say */ * We never copy these ones to real GDT, so we don't care what
* they say
*/
if (ignored_gdt(i)) if (ignored_gdt(i))
continue; continue;
/* Segment descriptors contain a privilege level: the Guest is /*
* Segment descriptors contain a privilege level: the Guest is
* sometimes careless and leaves this as 0, even though it's * sometimes careless and leaves this as 0, even though it's
* running at privilege level 1. If so, we fix it here. */ * running at privilege level 1. If so, we fix it here.
*/
if ((cpu->arch.gdt[i].b & 0x00006000) == 0) if ((cpu->arch.gdt[i].b & 0x00006000) == 0)
cpu->arch.gdt[i].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13); cpu->arch.gdt[i].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
/* Each descriptor has an "accessed" bit. If we don't set it /*
* Each descriptor has an "accessed" bit. If we don't set it
* now, the CPU will try to set it when the Guest first loads * now, the CPU will try to set it when the Guest first loads
* that entry into a segment register. But the GDT isn't * that entry into a segment register. But the GDT isn't
* writable by the Guest, so bad things can happen. */ * writable by the Guest, so bad things can happen.
*/
cpu->arch.gdt[i].b |= 0x00000100; cpu->arch.gdt[i].b |= 0x00000100;
} }
} }
/*H:610 Like the IDT, we never simply use the GDT the Guest gives us. We keep /*H:610
* Like the IDT, we never simply use the GDT the Guest gives us. We keep
* a GDT for each CPU, and copy across the Guest's entries each time we want to * a GDT for each CPU, and copy across the Guest's entries each time we want to
* run the Guest on that CPU. * run the Guest on that CPU.
* *
* This routine is called at boot or modprobe time for each CPU to set up the * This routine is called at boot or modprobe time for each CPU to set up the
* constant GDT entries: the ones which are the same no matter what Guest we're * constant GDT entries: the ones which are the same no matter what Guest we're
* running. */ * running.
*/
void setup_default_gdt_entries(struct lguest_ro_state *state) void setup_default_gdt_entries(struct lguest_ro_state *state)
{ {
struct desc_struct *gdt = state->guest_gdt; struct desc_struct *gdt = state->guest_gdt;
@ -98,30 +112,37 @@ void setup_default_gdt_entries(struct lguest_ro_state *state)
gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT; gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT;
gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT; gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT;
/* The TSS segment refers to the TSS entry for this particular CPU. /*
* The TSS segment refers to the TSS entry for this particular CPU.
* Forgive the magic flags: the 0x8900 means the entry is Present, it's * Forgive the magic flags: the 0x8900 means the entry is Present, it's
* privilege level 0 Available 386 TSS system segment, and the 0x67 * privilege level 0 Available 386 TSS system segment, and the 0x67
* means Saturn is eclipsed by Mercury in the twelfth house. */ * means Saturn is eclipsed by Mercury in the twelfth house.
*/
gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].a = 0x00000067 | (tss << 16); gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].a = 0x00000067 | (tss << 16);
gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].b = 0x00008900 | (tss & 0xFF000000) gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].b = 0x00008900 | (tss & 0xFF000000)
| ((tss >> 16) & 0x000000FF); | ((tss >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
} }
/* This routine sets up the initial Guest GDT for booting. All entries start /*
* as 0 (unusable). */ * This routine sets up the initial Guest GDT for booting. All entries start
* as 0 (unusable).
*/
void setup_guest_gdt(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void setup_guest_gdt(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
/* Start with full 0-4G segments... */ /*
* Start with full 0-4G segments...except the Guest is allowed to use
* them, so set the privilege level appropriately in the flags.
*/
cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT; cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT;
cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT; cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT;
/* ...except the Guest is allowed to use them, so set the privilege
* level appropriately in the flags. */
cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13); cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13); cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
} }
/*H:650 An optimization of copy_gdt(), for just the three "thead-local storage" /*H:650
* entries. */ * An optimization of copy_gdt(), for just the three "thead-local storage"
* entries.
*/
void copy_gdt_tls(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *gdt) void copy_gdt_tls(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *gdt)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
@ -130,26 +151,34 @@ void copy_gdt_tls(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *gdt)
gdt[i] = cpu->arch.gdt[i]; gdt[i] = cpu->arch.gdt[i];
} }
/*H:640 When the Guest is run on a different CPU, or the GDT entries have /*H:640
* changed, copy_gdt() is called to copy the Guest's GDT entries across to this * When the Guest is run on a different CPU, or the GDT entries have changed,
* CPU's GDT. */ * copy_gdt() is called to copy the Guest's GDT entries across to this CPU's
* GDT.
*/
void copy_gdt(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *gdt) void copy_gdt(const struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct desc_struct *gdt)
{ {
unsigned int i; unsigned int i;
/* The default entries from setup_default_gdt_entries() are not /*
* replaced. See ignored_gdt() above. */ * The default entries from setup_default_gdt_entries() are not
* replaced. See ignored_gdt() above.
*/
for (i = 0; i < GDT_ENTRIES; i++) for (i = 0; i < GDT_ENTRIES; i++)
if (!ignored_gdt(i)) if (!ignored_gdt(i))
gdt[i] = cpu->arch.gdt[i]; gdt[i] = cpu->arch.gdt[i];
} }
/*H:620 This is where the Guest asks us to load a new GDT entry /*H:620
* (LHCALL_LOAD_GDT_ENTRY). We tweak the entry and copy it in. */ * This is where the Guest asks us to load a new GDT entry
* (LHCALL_LOAD_GDT_ENTRY). We tweak the entry and copy it in.
*/
void load_guest_gdt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 num, u32 lo, u32 hi) void load_guest_gdt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 num, u32 lo, u32 hi)
{ {
/* We assume the Guest has the same number of GDT entries as the /*
* Host, otherwise we'd have to dynamically allocate the Guest GDT. */ * We assume the Guest has the same number of GDT entries as the
* Host, otherwise we'd have to dynamically allocate the Guest GDT.
*/
if (num >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.gdt)) if (num >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->arch.gdt))
kill_guest(cpu, "too many gdt entries %i", num); kill_guest(cpu, "too many gdt entries %i", num);
@ -157,15 +186,19 @@ void load_guest_gdt_entry(struct lg_cpu *cpu, u32 num, u32 lo, u32 hi)
cpu->arch.gdt[num].a = lo; cpu->arch.gdt[num].a = lo;
cpu->arch.gdt[num].b = hi; cpu->arch.gdt[num].b = hi;
fixup_gdt_table(cpu, num, num+1); fixup_gdt_table(cpu, num, num+1);
/* Mark that the GDT changed so the core knows it has to copy it again, /*
* even if the Guest is run on the same CPU. */ * Mark that the GDT changed so the core knows it has to copy it again,
* even if the Guest is run on the same CPU.
*/
cpu->changed |= CHANGED_GDT; cpu->changed |= CHANGED_GDT;
} }
/* This is the fast-track version for just changing the three TLS entries. /*
* This is the fast-track version for just changing the three TLS entries.
* Remember that this happens on every context switch, so it's worth * Remember that this happens on every context switch, so it's worth
* optimizing. But wouldn't it be neater to have a single hypercall to cover * optimizing. But wouldn't it be neater to have a single hypercall to cover
* both cases? */ * both cases?
*/
void guest_load_tls(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long gtls) void guest_load_tls(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long gtls)
{ {
struct desc_struct *tls = &cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MIN]; struct desc_struct *tls = &cpu->arch.gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MIN];
@ -175,7 +208,6 @@ void guest_load_tls(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long gtls)
/* Note that just the TLS entries have changed. */ /* Note that just the TLS entries have changed. */
cpu->changed |= CHANGED_GDT_TLS; cpu->changed |= CHANGED_GDT_TLS;
} }
/*:*/
/*H:660 /*H:660
* With this, we have finished the Host. * With this, we have finished the Host.

372
drivers/lguest/x86/core.c
View file

@ -17,13 +17,15 @@
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/ */
/*P:450 This file contains the x86-specific lguest code. It used to be all /*P:450
* This file contains the x86-specific lguest code. It used to be all
* mixed in with drivers/lguest/core.c but several foolhardy code slashers * mixed in with drivers/lguest/core.c but several foolhardy code slashers
* wrestled most of the dependencies out to here in preparation for porting * wrestled most of the dependencies out to here in preparation for porting
* lguest to other architectures (see what I mean by foolhardy?). * lguest to other architectures (see what I mean by foolhardy?).
* *
* This also contains a couple of non-obvious setup and teardown pieces which * This also contains a couple of non-obvious setup and teardown pieces which
* were implemented after days of debugging pain. :*/ * were implemented after days of debugging pain.
:*/
#include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/start_kernel.h> #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
#include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/string.h>
@ -82,25 +84,33 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct lg_cpu *, last_cpu);
*/ */
static void copy_in_guest_info(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages) static void copy_in_guest_info(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages)
{ {
/* Copying all this data can be quite expensive. We usually run the /*
* Copying all this data can be quite expensive. We usually run the
* same Guest we ran last time (and that Guest hasn't run anywhere else * same Guest we ran last time (and that Guest hasn't run anywhere else
* meanwhile). If that's not the case, we pretend everything in the * meanwhile). If that's not the case, we pretend everything in the
* Guest has changed. */ * Guest has changed.
*/
if (__get_cpu_var(last_cpu) != cpu || cpu->last_pages != pages) { if (__get_cpu_var(last_cpu) != cpu || cpu->last_pages != pages) {
__get_cpu_var(last_cpu) = cpu; __get_cpu_var(last_cpu) = cpu;
cpu->last_pages = pages; cpu->last_pages = pages;
cpu->changed = CHANGED_ALL; cpu->changed = CHANGED_ALL;
} }
/* These copies are pretty cheap, so we do them unconditionally: */ /*
/* Save the current Host top-level page directory. */ * These copies are pretty cheap, so we do them unconditionally: */
/* Save the current Host top-level page directory.
*/
pages->state.host_cr3 = __pa(current->mm->pgd); pages->state.host_cr3 = __pa(current->mm->pgd);
/* Set up the Guest's page tables to see this CPU's pages (and no /*
* other CPU's pages). */ * Set up the Guest's page tables to see this CPU's pages (and no
* other CPU's pages).
*/
map_switcher_in_guest(cpu, pages); map_switcher_in_guest(cpu, pages);
/* Set up the two "TSS" members which tell the CPU what stack to use /*
* Set up the two "TSS" members which tell the CPU what stack to use
* for traps which do directly into the Guest (ie. traps at privilege * for traps which do directly into the Guest (ie. traps at privilege
* level 1). */ * level 1).
*/
pages->state.guest_tss.sp1 = cpu->esp1; pages->state.guest_tss.sp1 = cpu->esp1;
pages->state.guest_tss.ss1 = cpu->ss1; pages->state.guest_tss.ss1 = cpu->ss1;
@ -125,40 +135,53 @@ static void run_guest_once(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages)
/* This is a dummy value we need for GCC's sake. */ /* This is a dummy value we need for GCC's sake. */
unsigned int clobber; unsigned int clobber;
/* Copy the guest-specific information into this CPU's "struct /*
* lguest_pages". */ * Copy the guest-specific information into this CPU's "struct
* lguest_pages".
*/
copy_in_guest_info(cpu, pages); copy_in_guest_info(cpu, pages);
/* Set the trap number to 256 (impossible value). If we fault while /*
* Set the trap number to 256 (impossible value). If we fault while
* switching to the Guest (bad segment registers or bug), this will * switching to the Guest (bad segment registers or bug), this will
* cause us to abort the Guest. */ * cause us to abort the Guest.
*/
cpu->regs->trapnum = 256; cpu->regs->trapnum = 256;
/* Now: we push the "eflags" register on the stack, then do an "lcall". /*
* Now: we push the "eflags" register on the stack, then do an "lcall".
* This is how we change from using the kernel code segment to using * This is how we change from using the kernel code segment to using
* the dedicated lguest code segment, as well as jumping into the * the dedicated lguest code segment, as well as jumping into the
* Switcher. * Switcher.
* *
* The lcall also pushes the old code segment (KERNEL_CS) onto the * The lcall also pushes the old code segment (KERNEL_CS) onto the
* stack, then the address of this call. This stack layout happens to * stack, then the address of this call. This stack layout happens to
* exactly match the stack layout created by an interrupt... */ * exactly match the stack layout created by an interrupt...
*/
asm volatile("pushf; lcall *lguest_entry" asm volatile("pushf; lcall *lguest_entry"
/* This is how we tell GCC that %eax ("a") and %ebx ("b") /*
* are changed by this routine. The "=" means output. */ * This is how we tell GCC that %eax ("a") and %ebx ("b")
* are changed by this routine. The "=" means output.
*/
: "=a"(clobber), "=b"(clobber) : "=a"(clobber), "=b"(clobber)
/* %eax contains the pages pointer. ("0" refers to the /*
* %eax contains the pages pointer. ("0" refers to the
* 0-th argument above, ie "a"). %ebx contains the * 0-th argument above, ie "a"). %ebx contains the
* physical address of the Guest's top-level page * physical address of the Guest's top-level page
* directory. */ * directory.
*/
: "0"(pages), "1"(__pa(cpu->lg->pgdirs[cpu->cpu_pgd].pgdir)) : "0"(pages), "1"(__pa(cpu->lg->pgdirs[cpu->cpu_pgd].pgdir))
/* We tell gcc that all these registers could change, /*
* We tell gcc that all these registers could change,
* which means we don't have to save and restore them in * which means we don't have to save and restore them in
* the Switcher. */ * the Switcher.
*/
: "memory", "%edx", "%ecx", "%edi", "%esi"); : "memory", "%edx", "%ecx", "%edi", "%esi");
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*M:002 There are hooks in the scheduler which we can register to tell when we /*M:002
* There are hooks in the scheduler which we can register to tell when we
* get kicked off the CPU (preempt_notifier_register()). This would allow us * get kicked off the CPU (preempt_notifier_register()). This would allow us
* to lazily disable SYSENTER which would regain some performance, and should * to lazily disable SYSENTER which would regain some performance, and should
* also simplify copy_in_guest_info(). Note that we'd still need to restore * also simplify copy_in_guest_info(). Note that we'd still need to restore
@ -166,56 +189,72 @@ static void run_guest_once(struct lg_cpu *cpu, struct lguest_pages *pages)
* *
* We could also try using this hooks for PGE, but that might be too expensive. * We could also try using this hooks for PGE, but that might be too expensive.
* *
* The hooks were designed for KVM, but we can also put them to good use. :*/ * The hooks were designed for KVM, but we can also put them to good use.
:*/
/*H:040 This is the i386-specific code to setup and run the Guest. Interrupts /*H:040
* are disabled: we own the CPU. */ * This is the i386-specific code to setup and run the Guest. Interrupts
* are disabled: we own the CPU.
*/
void lguest_arch_run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu) void lguest_arch_run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
/* Remember the awfully-named TS bit? If the Guest has asked to set it /*
* Remember the awfully-named TS bit? If the Guest has asked to set it
* we set it now, so we can trap and pass that trap to the Guest if it * we set it now, so we can trap and pass that trap to the Guest if it
* uses the FPU. */ * uses the FPU.
*/
if (cpu->ts) if (cpu->ts)
unlazy_fpu(current); unlazy_fpu(current);
/* SYSENTER is an optimized way of doing system calls. We can't allow /*
* SYSENTER is an optimized way of doing system calls. We can't allow
* it because it always jumps to privilege level 0. A normal Guest * it because it always jumps to privilege level 0. A normal Guest
* won't try it because we don't advertise it in CPUID, but a malicious * won't try it because we don't advertise it in CPUID, but a malicious
* Guest (or malicious Guest userspace program) could, so we tell the * Guest (or malicious Guest userspace program) could, so we tell the
* CPU to disable it before running the Guest. */ * CPU to disable it before running the Guest.
*/
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP)) if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP))
wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, 0, 0); wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, 0, 0);
/* Now we actually run the Guest. It will return when something /*
* Now we actually run the Guest. It will return when something
* interesting happens, and we can examine its registers to see what it * interesting happens, and we can examine its registers to see what it
* was doing. */ * was doing.
*/
run_guest_once(cpu, lguest_pages(raw_smp_processor_id())); run_guest_once(cpu, lguest_pages(raw_smp_processor_id()));
/* Note that the "regs" structure contains two extra entries which are /*
* Note that the "regs" structure contains two extra entries which are
* not really registers: a trap number which says what interrupt or * not really registers: a trap number which says what interrupt or
* trap made the switcher code come back, and an error code which some * trap made the switcher code come back, and an error code which some
* traps set. */ * traps set.
*/
/* Restore SYSENTER if it's supposed to be on. */ /* Restore SYSENTER if it's supposed to be on. */
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP)) if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SEP))
wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, __KERNEL_CS, 0); wrmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, __KERNEL_CS, 0);
/* If the Guest page faulted, then the cr2 register will tell us the /*
* If the Guest page faulted, then the cr2 register will tell us the
* bad virtual address. We have to grab this now, because once we * bad virtual address. We have to grab this now, because once we
* re-enable interrupts an interrupt could fault and thus overwrite * re-enable interrupts an interrupt could fault and thus overwrite
* cr2, or we could even move off to a different CPU. */ * cr2, or we could even move off to a different CPU.
*/
if (cpu->regs->trapnum == 14) if (cpu->regs->trapnum == 14)
cpu->arch.last_pagefault = read_cr2(); cpu->arch.last_pagefault = read_cr2();
/* Similarly, if we took a trap because the Guest used the FPU, /*
* Similarly, if we took a trap because the Guest used the FPU,
* we have to restore the FPU it expects to see. * we have to restore the FPU it expects to see.
* math_state_restore() may sleep and we may even move off to * math_state_restore() may sleep and we may even move off to
* a different CPU. So all the critical stuff should be done * a different CPU. So all the critical stuff should be done
* before this. */ * before this.
*/
else if (cpu->regs->trapnum == 7) else if (cpu->regs->trapnum == 7)
math_state_restore(); math_state_restore();
} }
/*H:130 Now we've examined the hypercall code; our Guest can make requests. /*H:130
* Now we've examined the hypercall code; our Guest can make requests.
* Our Guest is usually so well behaved; it never tries to do things it isn't * Our Guest is usually so well behaved; it never tries to do things it isn't
* allowed to, and uses hypercalls instead. Unfortunately, Linux's paravirtual * allowed to, and uses hypercalls instead. Unfortunately, Linux's paravirtual
* infrastructure isn't quite complete, because it doesn't contain replacements * infrastructure isn't quite complete, because it doesn't contain replacements
@ -225,26 +264,33 @@ void lguest_arch_run_guest(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
* *
* When the Guest uses one of these instructions, we get a trap (General * When the Guest uses one of these instructions, we get a trap (General
* Protection Fault) and come here. We see if it's one of those troublesome * Protection Fault) and come here. We see if it's one of those troublesome
* instructions and skip over it. We return true if we did. */ * instructions and skip over it. We return true if we did.
*/
static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu) static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
u8 insn; u8 insn;
unsigned int insnlen = 0, in = 0, shift = 0; unsigned int insnlen = 0, in = 0, shift = 0;
/* The eip contains the *virtual* address of the Guest's instruction: /*
* guest_pa just subtracts the Guest's page_offset. */ * The eip contains the *virtual* address of the Guest's instruction:
* guest_pa just subtracts the Guest's page_offset.
*/
unsigned long physaddr = guest_pa(cpu, cpu->regs->eip); unsigned long physaddr = guest_pa(cpu, cpu->regs->eip);
/* This must be the Guest kernel trying to do something, not userspace! /*
* This must be the Guest kernel trying to do something, not userspace!
* The bottom two bits of the CS segment register are the privilege * The bottom two bits of the CS segment register are the privilege
* level. */ * level.
*/
if ((cpu->regs->cs & 3) != GUEST_PL) if ((cpu->regs->cs & 3) != GUEST_PL)
return 0; return 0;
/* Decoding x86 instructions is icky. */ /* Decoding x86 instructions is icky. */
insn = lgread(cpu, physaddr, u8); insn = lgread(cpu, physaddr, u8);
/* 0x66 is an "operand prefix". It means it's using the upper 16 bits /*
of the eax register. */ * 0x66 is an "operand prefix". It means it's using the upper 16 bits
* of the eax register.
*/
if (insn == 0x66) { if (insn == 0x66) {
shift = 16; shift = 16;
/* The instruction is 1 byte so far, read the next byte. */ /* The instruction is 1 byte so far, read the next byte. */
@ -252,8 +298,10 @@ static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
insn = lgread(cpu, physaddr + insnlen, u8); insn = lgread(cpu, physaddr + insnlen, u8);
} }
/* We can ignore the lower bit for the moment and decode the 4 opcodes /*
* we need to emulate. */ * We can ignore the lower bit for the moment and decode the 4 opcodes
* we need to emulate.
*/
switch (insn & 0xFE) { switch (insn & 0xFE) {
case 0xE4: /* in <next byte>,%al */ case 0xE4: /* in <next byte>,%al */
insnlen += 2; insnlen += 2;
@ -274,9 +322,11 @@ static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
return 0; return 0;
} }
/* If it was an "IN" instruction, they expect the result to be read /*
* If it was an "IN" instruction, they expect the result to be read
* into %eax, so we change %eax. We always return all-ones, which * into %eax, so we change %eax. We always return all-ones, which
* traditionally means "there's nothing there". */ * traditionally means "there's nothing there".
*/
if (in) { if (in) {
/* Lower bit tells is whether it's a 16 or 32 bit access */ /* Lower bit tells is whether it's a 16 or 32 bit access */
if (insn & 0x1) if (insn & 0x1)
@ -290,7 +340,8 @@ static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
return 1; return 1;
} }
/* Our hypercalls mechanism used to be based on direct software interrupts. /*
* Our hypercalls mechanism used to be based on direct software interrupts.
* After Anthony's "Refactor hypercall infrastructure" kvm patch, we decided to * After Anthony's "Refactor hypercall infrastructure" kvm patch, we decided to
* change over to using kvm hypercalls. * change over to using kvm hypercalls.
* *
@ -318,16 +369,20 @@ static int emulate_insn(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
*/ */
static void rewrite_hypercall(struct lg_cpu *cpu) static void rewrite_hypercall(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
/* This are the opcodes we use to patch the Guest. The opcode for "int /*
* This are the opcodes we use to patch the Guest. The opcode for "int
* $0x1f" is "0xcd 0x1f" but vmcall instruction is 3 bytes long, so we * $0x1f" is "0xcd 0x1f" but vmcall instruction is 3 bytes long, so we
* complete the sequence with a NOP (0x90). */ * complete the sequence with a NOP (0x90).
*/
u8 insn[3] = {0xcd, 0x1f, 0x90}; u8 insn[3] = {0xcd, 0x1f, 0x90};
__lgwrite(cpu, guest_pa(cpu, cpu->regs->eip), insn, sizeof(insn)); __lgwrite(cpu, guest_pa(cpu, cpu->regs->eip), insn, sizeof(insn));
/* The above write might have caused a copy of that page to be made /*
* The above write might have caused a copy of that page to be made
* (if it was read-only). We need to make sure the Guest has * (if it was read-only). We need to make sure the Guest has
* up-to-date pagetables. As this doesn't happen often, we can just * up-to-date pagetables. As this doesn't happen often, we can just
* drop them all. */ * drop them all.
*/
guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu); guest_pagetable_clear_all(cpu);
} }
@ -335,9 +390,11 @@ static bool is_hypercall(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
u8 insn[3]; u8 insn[3];
/* This must be the Guest kernel trying to do something. /*
* This must be the Guest kernel trying to do something.
* The bottom two bits of the CS segment register are the privilege * The bottom two bits of the CS segment register are the privilege
* level. */ * level.
*/
if ((cpu->regs->cs & 3) != GUEST_PL) if ((cpu->regs->cs & 3) != GUEST_PL)
return false; return false;
@ -351,86 +408,105 @@ void lguest_arch_handle_trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
switch (cpu->regs->trapnum) { switch (cpu->regs->trapnum) {
case 13: /* We've intercepted a General Protection Fault. */ case 13: /* We've intercepted a General Protection Fault. */
/* Check if this was one of those annoying IN or OUT /*
* Check if this was one of those annoying IN or OUT
* instructions which we need to emulate. If so, we just go * instructions which we need to emulate. If so, we just go
* back into the Guest after we've done it. */ * back into the Guest after we've done it.
*/
if (cpu->regs->errcode == 0) { if (cpu->regs->errcode == 0) {
if (emulate_insn(cpu)) if (emulate_insn(cpu))
return; return;
} }
/* If KVM is active, the vmcall instruction triggers a /*
* General Protection Fault. Normally it triggers an * If KVM is active, the vmcall instruction triggers a General
* invalid opcode fault (6): */ * Protection Fault. Normally it triggers an invalid opcode
* fault (6):
*/
case 6: case 6:
/* We need to check if ring == GUEST_PL and /*
* faulting instruction == vmcall. */ * We need to check if ring == GUEST_PL and faulting
* instruction == vmcall.
*/
if (is_hypercall(cpu)) { if (is_hypercall(cpu)) {
rewrite_hypercall(cpu); rewrite_hypercall(cpu);
return; return;
} }
break; break;
case 14: /* We've intercepted a Page Fault. */ case 14: /* We've intercepted a Page Fault. */
/* The Guest accessed a virtual address that wasn't mapped. /*
* The Guest accessed a virtual address that wasn't mapped.
* This happens a lot: we don't actually set up most of the page * This happens a lot: we don't actually set up most of the page
* tables for the Guest at all when we start: as it runs it asks * tables for the Guest at all when we start: as it runs it asks
* for more and more, and we set them up as required. In this * for more and more, and we set them up as required. In this
* case, we don't even tell the Guest that the fault happened. * case, we don't even tell the Guest that the fault happened.
* *
* The errcode tells whether this was a read or a write, and * The errcode tells whether this was a read or a write, and
* whether kernel or userspace code. */ * whether kernel or userspace code.
*/
if (demand_page(cpu, cpu->arch.last_pagefault, if (demand_page(cpu, cpu->arch.last_pagefault,
cpu->regs->errcode)) cpu->regs->errcode))
return; return;
/* OK, it's really not there (or not OK): the Guest needs to /*
* OK, it's really not there (or not OK): the Guest needs to
* know. We write out the cr2 value so it knows where the * know. We write out the cr2 value so it knows where the
* fault occurred. * fault occurred.
* *
* Note that if the Guest were really messed up, this could * Note that if the Guest were really messed up, this could
* happen before it's done the LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT hypercall, so * happen before it's done the LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT hypercall, so
* lg->lguest_data could be NULL */ * lg->lguest_data could be NULL
*/
if (cpu->lg->lguest_data && if (cpu->lg->lguest_data &&
put_user(cpu->arch.last_pagefault, put_user(cpu->arch.last_pagefault,
&cpu->lg->lguest_data->cr2)) &cpu->lg->lguest_data->cr2))
kill_guest(cpu, "Writing cr2"); kill_guest(cpu, "Writing cr2");
break; break;
case 7: /* We've intercepted a Device Not Available fault. */ case 7: /* We've intercepted a Device Not Available fault. */
/* If the Guest doesn't want to know, we already restored the /*
* Floating Point Unit, so we just continue without telling * If the Guest doesn't want to know, we already restored the
* it. */ * Floating Point Unit, so we just continue without telling it.
*/
if (!cpu->ts) if (!cpu->ts)
return; return;
break; break;
case 32 ... 255: case 32 ... 255:
/* These values mean a real interrupt occurred, in which case /*
* These values mean a real interrupt occurred, in which case
* the Host handler has already been run. We just do a * the Host handler has already been run. We just do a
* friendly check if another process should now be run, then * friendly check if another process should now be run, then
* return to run the Guest again */ * return to run the Guest again
*/
cond_resched(); cond_resched();
return; return;
case LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY: case LGUEST_TRAP_ENTRY:
/* Our 'struct hcall_args' maps directly over our regs: we set /*
* up the pointer now to indicate a hypercall is pending. */ * Our 'struct hcall_args' maps directly over our regs: we set
* up the pointer now to indicate a hypercall is pending.
*/
cpu->hcall = (struct hcall_args *)cpu->regs; cpu->hcall = (struct hcall_args *)cpu->regs;
return; return;
} }
/* We didn't handle the trap, so it needs to go to the Guest. */ /* We didn't handle the trap, so it needs to go to the Guest. */
if (!deliver_trap(cpu, cpu->regs->trapnum)) if (!deliver_trap(cpu, cpu->regs->trapnum))
/* If the Guest doesn't have a handler (either it hasn't /*
* If the Guest doesn't have a handler (either it hasn't
* registered any yet, or it's one of the faults we don't let * registered any yet, or it's one of the faults we don't let
* it handle), it dies with this cryptic error message. */ * it handle), it dies with this cryptic error message.
*/
kill_guest(cpu, "unhandled trap %li at %#lx (%#lx)", kill_guest(cpu, "unhandled trap %li at %#lx (%#lx)",
cpu->regs->trapnum, cpu->regs->eip, cpu->regs->trapnum, cpu->regs->eip,
cpu->regs->trapnum == 14 ? cpu->arch.last_pagefault cpu->regs->trapnum == 14 ? cpu->arch.last_pagefault
: cpu->regs->errcode); : cpu->regs->errcode);
} }
/* Now we can look at each of the routines this calls, in increasing order of /*
* Now we can look at each of the routines this calls, in increasing order of
* complexity: do_hypercalls(), emulate_insn(), maybe_do_interrupt(), * complexity: do_hypercalls(), emulate_insn(), maybe_do_interrupt(),
* deliver_trap() and demand_page(). After all those, we'll be ready to * deliver_trap() and demand_page(). After all those, we'll be ready to
* examine the Switcher, and our philosophical understanding of the Host/Guest * examine the Switcher, and our philosophical understanding of the Host/Guest
* duality will be complete. :*/ * duality will be complete.
:*/
static void adjust_pge(void *on) static void adjust_pge(void *on)
{ {
if (on) if (on)
@ -439,13 +515,16 @@ static void adjust_pge(void *on)
write_cr4(read_cr4() & ~X86_CR4_PGE); write_cr4(read_cr4() & ~X86_CR4_PGE);
} }
/*H:020 Now the Switcher is mapped and every thing else is ready, we need to do /*H:020
* some more i386-specific initialization. */ * Now the Switcher is mapped and every thing else is ready, we need to do
* some more i386-specific initialization.
*/
void __init lguest_arch_host_init(void) void __init lguest_arch_host_init(void)
{ {
int i; int i;
/* Most of the i386/switcher.S doesn't care that it's been moved; on /*
* Most of the i386/switcher.S doesn't care that it's been moved; on
* Intel, jumps are relative, and it doesn't access any references to * Intel, jumps are relative, and it doesn't access any references to
* external code or data. * external code or data.
* *
@ -453,7 +532,8 @@ void __init lguest_arch_host_init(void)
* addresses are placed in a table (default_idt_entries), so we need to * addresses are placed in a table (default_idt_entries), so we need to
* update the table with the new addresses. switcher_offset() is a * update the table with the new addresses. switcher_offset() is a
* convenience function which returns the distance between the * convenience function which returns the distance between the
* compiled-in switcher code and the high-mapped copy we just made. */ * compiled-in switcher code and the high-mapped copy we just made.
*/
for (i = 0; i < IDT_ENTRIES; i++) for (i = 0; i < IDT_ENTRIES; i++)
default_idt_entries[i] += switcher_offset(); default_idt_entries[i] += switcher_offset();
@ -468,63 +548,81 @@ void __init lguest_arch_host_init(void)
for_each_possible_cpu(i) { for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
/* lguest_pages() returns this CPU's two pages. */ /* lguest_pages() returns this CPU's two pages. */
struct lguest_pages *pages = lguest_pages(i); struct lguest_pages *pages = lguest_pages(i);
/* This is a convenience pointer to make the code fit one /* This is a convenience pointer to make the code neater. */
* statement to a line. */
struct lguest_ro_state *state = &pages->state; struct lguest_ro_state *state = &pages->state;
/* The Global Descriptor Table: the Host has a different one /*
* The Global Descriptor Table: the Host has a different one
* for each CPU. We keep a descriptor for the GDT which says * for each CPU. We keep a descriptor for the GDT which says
* where it is and how big it is (the size is actually the last * where it is and how big it is (the size is actually the last
* byte, not the size, hence the "-1"). */ * byte, not the size, hence the "-1").
*/
state->host_gdt_desc.size = GDT_SIZE-1; state->host_gdt_desc.size = GDT_SIZE-1;
state->host_gdt_desc.address = (long)get_cpu_gdt_table(i); state->host_gdt_desc.address = (long)get_cpu_gdt_table(i);
/* All CPUs on the Host use the same Interrupt Descriptor /*
* All CPUs on the Host use the same Interrupt Descriptor
* Table, so we just use store_idt(), which gets this CPU's IDT * Table, so we just use store_idt(), which gets this CPU's IDT
* descriptor. */ * descriptor.
*/
store_idt(&state->host_idt_desc); store_idt(&state->host_idt_desc);
/* The descriptors for the Guest's GDT and IDT can be filled /*
* The descriptors for the Guest's GDT and IDT can be filled
* out now, too. We copy the GDT & IDT into ->guest_gdt and * out now, too. We copy the GDT & IDT into ->guest_gdt and
* ->guest_idt before actually running the Guest. */ * ->guest_idt before actually running the Guest.
*/
state->guest_idt_desc.size = sizeof(state->guest_idt)-1; state->guest_idt_desc.size = sizeof(state->guest_idt)-1;
state->guest_idt_desc.address = (long)&state->guest_idt; state->guest_idt_desc.address = (long)&state->guest_idt;
state->guest_gdt_desc.size = sizeof(state->guest_gdt)-1; state->guest_gdt_desc.size = sizeof(state->guest_gdt)-1;
state->guest_gdt_desc.address = (long)&state->guest_gdt; state->guest_gdt_desc.address = (long)&state->guest_gdt;
/* We know where we want the stack to be when the Guest enters /*
* We know where we want the stack to be when the Guest enters
* the Switcher: in pages->regs. The stack grows upwards, so * the Switcher: in pages->regs. The stack grows upwards, so
* we start it at the end of that structure. */ * we start it at the end of that structure.
*/
state->guest_tss.sp0 = (long)(&pages->regs + 1); state->guest_tss.sp0 = (long)(&pages->regs + 1);
/* And this is the GDT entry to use for the stack: we keep a /*
* couple of special LGUEST entries. */ * And this is the GDT entry to use for the stack: we keep a
* couple of special LGUEST entries.
*/
state->guest_tss.ss0 = LGUEST_DS; state->guest_tss.ss0 = LGUEST_DS;
/* x86 can have a finegrained bitmap which indicates what I/O /*
* x86 can have a finegrained bitmap which indicates what I/O
* ports the process can use. We set it to the end of our * ports the process can use. We set it to the end of our
* structure, meaning "none". */ * structure, meaning "none".
*/
state->guest_tss.io_bitmap_base = sizeof(state->guest_tss); state->guest_tss.io_bitmap_base = sizeof(state->guest_tss);
/* Some GDT entries are the same across all Guests, so we can /*
* set them up now. */ * Some GDT entries are the same across all Guests, so we can
* set them up now.
*/
setup_default_gdt_entries(state); setup_default_gdt_entries(state);
/* Most IDT entries are the same for all Guests, too.*/ /* Most IDT entries are the same for all Guests, too.*/
setup_default_idt_entries(state, default_idt_entries); setup_default_idt_entries(state, default_idt_entries);
/* The Host needs to be able to use the LGUEST segments on this /*
* CPU, too, so put them in the Host GDT. */ * The Host needs to be able to use the LGUEST segments on this
* CPU, too, so put them in the Host GDT.
*/
get_cpu_gdt_table(i)[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT; get_cpu_gdt_table(i)[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT;
get_cpu_gdt_table(i)[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT; get_cpu_gdt_table(i)[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT;
} }
/* In the Switcher, we want the %cs segment register to use the /*
* In the Switcher, we want the %cs segment register to use the
* LGUEST_CS GDT entry: we've put that in the Host and Guest GDTs, so * LGUEST_CS GDT entry: we've put that in the Host and Guest GDTs, so
* it will be undisturbed when we switch. To change %cs and jump we * it will be undisturbed when we switch. To change %cs and jump we
* need this structure to feed to Intel's "lcall" instruction. */ * need this structure to feed to Intel's "lcall" instruction.
*/
lguest_entry.offset = (long)switch_to_guest + switcher_offset(); lguest_entry.offset = (long)switch_to_guest + switcher_offset();
lguest_entry.segment = LGUEST_CS; lguest_entry.segment = LGUEST_CS;
/* Finally, we need to turn off "Page Global Enable". PGE is an /*
* Finally, we need to turn off "Page Global Enable". PGE is an
* optimization where page table entries are specially marked to show * optimization where page table entries are specially marked to show
* they never change. The Host kernel marks all the kernel pages this * they never change. The Host kernel marks all the kernel pages this
* way because it's always present, even when userspace is running. * way because it's always present, even when userspace is running.
@ -534,16 +632,21 @@ void __init lguest_arch_host_init(void)
* you'll get really weird bugs that you'll chase for two days. * you'll get really weird bugs that you'll chase for two days.
* *
* I used to turn PGE off every time we switched to the Guest and back * I used to turn PGE off every time we switched to the Guest and back
* on when we return, but that slowed the Switcher down noticibly. */ * on when we return, but that slowed the Switcher down noticibly.
*/
/* We don't need the complexity of CPUs coming and going while we're /*
* doing this. */ * We don't need the complexity of CPUs coming and going while we're
* doing this.
*/
get_online_cpus(); get_online_cpus();
if (cpu_has_pge) { /* We have a broader idea of "global". */ if (cpu_has_pge) { /* We have a broader idea of "global". */
/* Remember that this was originally set (for cleanup). */ /* Remember that this was originally set (for cleanup). */
cpu_had_pge = 1; cpu_had_pge = 1;
/* adjust_pge is a helper function which sets or unsets the PGE /*
* bit on its CPU, depending on the argument (0 == unset). */ * adjust_pge is a helper function which sets or unsets the PGE
* bit on its CPU, depending on the argument (0 == unset).
*/
on_each_cpu(adjust_pge, (void *)0, 1); on_each_cpu(adjust_pge, (void *)0, 1);
/* Turn off the feature in the global feature set. */ /* Turn off the feature in the global feature set. */
clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_PGE); clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_PGE);
@ -590,26 +693,32 @@ int lguest_arch_init_hypercalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
{ {
u32 tsc_speed; u32 tsc_speed;
/* The pointer to the Guest's "struct lguest_data" is the only argument. /*
* We check that address now. */ * The pointer to the Guest's "struct lguest_data" is the only argument.
* We check that address now.
*/
if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, cpu->hcall->arg1, if (!lguest_address_ok(cpu->lg, cpu->hcall->arg1,
sizeof(*cpu->lg->lguest_data))) sizeof(*cpu->lg->lguest_data)))
return -EFAULT; return -EFAULT;
/* Having checked it, we simply set lg->lguest_data to point straight /*
* Having checked it, we simply set lg->lguest_data to point straight
* into the Launcher's memory at the right place and then use * into the Launcher's memory at the right place and then use
* copy_to_user/from_user from now on, instead of lgread/write. I put * copy_to_user/from_user from now on, instead of lgread/write. I put
* this in to show that I'm not immune to writing stupid * this in to show that I'm not immune to writing stupid
* optimizations. */ * optimizations.
*/
cpu->lg->lguest_data = cpu->lg->mem_base + cpu->hcall->arg1; cpu->lg->lguest_data = cpu->lg->mem_base + cpu->hcall->arg1;
/* We insist that the Time Stamp Counter exist and doesn't change with /*
* We insist that the Time Stamp Counter exist and doesn't change with
* cpu frequency. Some devious chip manufacturers decided that TSC * cpu frequency. Some devious chip manufacturers decided that TSC
* changes could be handled in software. I decided that time going * changes could be handled in software. I decided that time going
* backwards might be good for benchmarks, but it's bad for users. * backwards might be good for benchmarks, but it's bad for users.
* *
* We also insist that the TSC be stable: the kernel detects unreliable * We also insist that the TSC be stable: the kernel detects unreliable
* TSCs for its own purposes, and we use that here. */ * TSCs for its own purposes, and we use that here.
*/
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) && !check_tsc_unstable()) if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) && !check_tsc_unstable())
tsc_speed = tsc_khz; tsc_speed = tsc_khz;
else else
@ -625,38 +734,47 @@ int lguest_arch_init_hypercalls(struct lg_cpu *cpu)
} }
/*:*/ /*:*/
/*L:030 lguest_arch_setup_regs() /*L:030
* lguest_arch_setup_regs()
* *
* Most of the Guest's registers are left alone: we used get_zeroed_page() to * Most of the Guest's registers are left alone: we used get_zeroed_page() to
* allocate the structure, so they will be 0. */ * allocate the structure, so they will be 0.
*/
void lguest_arch_setup_regs(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long start) void lguest_arch_setup_regs(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long start)
{ {
struct lguest_regs *regs = cpu->regs; struct lguest_regs *regs = cpu->regs;
/* There are four "segment" registers which the Guest needs to boot: /*
* There are four "segment" registers which the Guest needs to boot:
* The "code segment" register (cs) refers to the kernel code segment * The "code segment" register (cs) refers to the kernel code segment
* __KERNEL_CS, and the "data", "extra" and "stack" segment registers * __KERNEL_CS, and the "data", "extra" and "stack" segment registers
* refer to the kernel data segment __KERNEL_DS. * refer to the kernel data segment __KERNEL_DS.
* *
* The privilege level is packed into the lower bits. The Guest runs * The privilege level is packed into the lower bits. The Guest runs
* at privilege level 1 (GUEST_PL).*/ * at privilege level 1 (GUEST_PL).
*/
regs->ds = regs->es = regs->ss = __KERNEL_DS|GUEST_PL; regs->ds = regs->es = regs->ss = __KERNEL_DS|GUEST_PL;
regs->cs = __KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL; regs->cs = __KERNEL_CS|GUEST_PL;
/* The "eflags" register contains miscellaneous flags. Bit 1 (0x002) /*
* The "eflags" register contains miscellaneous flags. Bit 1 (0x002)
* is supposed to always be "1". Bit 9 (0x200) controls whether * is supposed to always be "1". Bit 9 (0x200) controls whether
* interrupts are enabled. We always leave interrupts enabled while * interrupts are enabled. We always leave interrupts enabled while
* running the Guest. */ * running the Guest.
*/
regs->eflags = X86_EFLAGS_IF | 0x2; regs->eflags = X86_EFLAGS_IF | 0x2;
/* The "Extended Instruction Pointer" register says where the Guest is /*
* running. */ * The "Extended Instruction Pointer" register says where the Guest is
* running.
*/
regs->eip = start; regs->eip = start;
/* %esi points to our boot information, at physical address 0, so don't /*
* touch it. */ * %esi points to our boot information, at physical address 0, so don't
* touch it.
*/
/* There are a couple of GDT entries the Guest expects when first /* There are a couple of GDT entries the Guest expects at boot. */
* booting. */
setup_guest_gdt(cpu); setup_guest_gdt(cpu);
} }

18
drivers/lguest/x86/switcher_32.S
View file

@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
/*P:900 This is the Switcher: code which sits at 0xFFC00000 astride both the /*P:900
* This is the Switcher: code which sits at 0xFFC00000 astride both the
* Host and Guest to do the low-level Guest<->Host switch. It is as simple as * Host and Guest to do the low-level Guest<->Host switch. It is as simple as
* it can be made, but it's naturally very specific to x86. * it can be made, but it's naturally very specific to x86.
* *
* You have now completed Preparation. If this has whet your appetite; if you * You have now completed Preparation. If this has whet your appetite; if you
* are feeling invigorated and refreshed then the next, more challenging stage * are feeling invigorated and refreshed then the next, more challenging stage
* can be found in "make Guest". :*/ * can be found in "make Guest".
:*/
/*M:012 Lguest is meant to be simple: my rule of thumb is that 1% more LOC must /*M:012
* Lguest is meant to be simple: my rule of thumb is that 1% more LOC must
* gain at least 1% more performance. Since neither LOC nor performance can be * gain at least 1% more performance. Since neither LOC nor performance can be
* measured beforehand, it generally means implementing a feature then deciding * measured beforehand, it generally means implementing a feature then deciding
* if it's worth it. And once it's implemented, who can say no? * if it's worth it. And once it's implemented, who can say no?
@ -31,11 +34,14 @@
* Host (which is actually really easy). * Host (which is actually really easy).
* *
* Two questions remain. Would the performance gain outweigh the complexity? * Two questions remain. Would the performance gain outweigh the complexity?
* And who would write the verse documenting it? :*/ * And who would write the verse documenting it?
:*/
/*M:011 Lguest64 handles NMI. This gave me NMI envy (until I looked at their /*M:011
* Lguest64 handles NMI. This gave me NMI envy (until I looked at their
* code). It's worth doing though, since it would let us use oprofile in the * code). It's worth doing though, since it would let us use oprofile in the
* Host when a Guest is running. :*/ * Host when a Guest is running.
:*/
/*S:100 /*S:100
* Welcome to the Switcher itself! * Welcome to the Switcher itself!

36
include/linux/lguest.h
View file

@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
/* Things the lguest guest needs to know. Note: like all lguest interfaces, /*
* this is subject to wild and random change between versions. */ * Things the lguest guest needs to know. Note: like all lguest interfaces,
* this is subject to wild and random change between versions.
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_LGUEST_H #ifndef _LINUX_LGUEST_H
#define _LINUX_LGUEST_H #define _LINUX_LGUEST_H
@ -11,32 +13,42 @@
#define LG_CLOCK_MIN_DELTA 100UL #define LG_CLOCK_MIN_DELTA 100UL
#define LG_CLOCK_MAX_DELTA ULONG_MAX #define LG_CLOCK_MAX_DELTA ULONG_MAX
/*G:031 The second method of communicating with the Host is to via "struct /*G:031
* The second method of communicating with the Host is to via "struct
* lguest_data". Once the Guest's initialization hypercall tells the Host where * lguest_data". Once the Guest's initialization hypercall tells the Host where
* this is, the Guest and Host both publish information in it. :*/ * this is, the Guest and Host both publish information in it.
:*/
struct lguest_data struct lguest_data
{ {
/* 512 == enabled (same as eflags in normal hardware). The Guest /*
* changes interrupts so often that a hypercall is too slow. */ * 512 == enabled (same as eflags in normal hardware). The Guest
* changes interrupts so often that a hypercall is too slow.
*/
unsigned int irq_enabled; unsigned int irq_enabled;
/* Fine-grained interrupt disabling by the Guest */ /* Fine-grained interrupt disabling by the Guest */
DECLARE_BITMAP(blocked_interrupts, LGUEST_IRQS); DECLARE_BITMAP(blocked_interrupts, LGUEST_IRQS);
/* The Host writes the virtual address of the last page fault here, /*
* The Host writes the virtual address of the last page fault here,
* which saves the Guest a hypercall. CR2 is the native register where * which saves the Guest a hypercall. CR2 is the native register where
* this address would normally be found. */ * this address would normally be found.
*/
unsigned long cr2; unsigned long cr2;
/* Wallclock time set by the Host. */ /* Wallclock time set by the Host. */
struct timespec time; struct timespec time;
/* Interrupt pending set by the Host. The Guest should do a hypercall /*
* if it re-enables interrupts and sees this set (to X86_EFLAGS_IF). */ * Interrupt pending set by the Host. The Guest should do a hypercall
* if it re-enables interrupts and sees this set (to X86_EFLAGS_IF).
*/
int irq_pending; int irq_pending;
/* Async hypercall ring. Instead of directly making hypercalls, we can /*
* Async hypercall ring. Instead of directly making hypercalls, we can
* place them in here for processing the next time the Host wants. * place them in here for processing the next time the Host wants.
* This batching can be quite efficient. */ * This batching can be quite efficient.
*/
/* 0xFF == done (set by Host), 0 == pending (set by Guest). */ /* 0xFF == done (set by Host), 0 == pending (set by Guest). */
u8 hcall_status[LHCALL_RING_SIZE]; u8 hcall_status[LHCALL_RING_SIZE];

18
include/linux/lguest_launcher.h
View file

@ -29,8 +29,10 @@ struct lguest_device_desc {
__u8 type; __u8 type;
/* The number of virtqueues (first in config array) */ /* The number of virtqueues (first in config array) */
__u8 num_vq; __u8 num_vq;
/* The number of bytes of feature bits. Multiply by 2: one for host /*
* features and one for Guest acknowledgements. */ * The number of bytes of feature bits. Multiply by 2: one for host
* features and one for Guest acknowledgements.
*/
__u8 feature_len; __u8 feature_len;
/* The number of bytes of the config array after virtqueues. */ /* The number of bytes of the config array after virtqueues. */
__u8 config_len; __u8 config_len;
@ -39,8 +41,10 @@ struct lguest_device_desc {
__u8 config[0]; __u8 config[0];
}; };
/*D:135 This is how we expect the device configuration field for a virtqueue /*D:135
* to be laid out in config space. */ * This is how we expect the device configuration field for a virtqueue
* to be laid out in config space.
*/
struct lguest_vqconfig { struct lguest_vqconfig {
/* The number of entries in the virtio_ring */ /* The number of entries in the virtio_ring */
__u16 num; __u16 num;
@ -61,7 +65,9 @@ enum lguest_req
LHREQ_EVENTFD, /* + address, fd. */ LHREQ_EVENTFD, /* + address, fd. */
}; };
/* The alignment to use between consumer and producer parts of vring. /*
* x86 pagesize for historical reasons. */ * The alignment to use between consumer and producer parts of vring.
* x86 pagesize for historical reasons.
*/
#define LGUEST_VRING_ALIGN 4096 #define LGUEST_VRING_ALIGN 4096
#endif /* _LINUX_LGUEST_LAUNCHER */ #endif /* _LINUX_LGUEST_LAUNCHER */