dax: refactor dax-fs into a generic provider of 'struct dax_device' instances

We want dax capable drivers to be able to publish a set of dax
operations [1]. However, we do not want to further abuse block_devices
to advertise these operations. Instead we will attach these operations
to a dax device and add a lookup mechanism to go from block device path
to a dax device. A dax capable driver like pmem or brd is responsible
for registering a dax device, alongside a block device, and then a dax
capable filesystem is responsible for retrieving the dax device by path
name if it wants to call dax_operations.

For now, we refactor the dax pseudo-fs to be a generic facility, rather
than an implementation detail, of the device-dax use case. Where a "dax
device" is just an inode + dax infrastructure, and "Device DAX" is a
mapping service layered on top of that base 'struct dax_device'.
"Filesystem DAX" is then a mapping service that layers a filesystem on
top of that same base device. Filesystem DAX is associated with a
block_device for now, but perhaps directly to a dax device in the
future, or for new pmem-only filesystems.

[1]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/1/19/880

Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

include/linux/dax.h

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 
 struct iomap_ops;
 
+int dax_read_lock(void);
+void dax_read_unlock(int id);
+
 /*
  * We use lowest available bit in exceptional entry for locking, one bit for
  * the entry size (PMD) and two more to tell us if the entry is a huge zero