diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.c
index e488bd8a6b5e..6167e68bbb25 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.c
@@ -209,6 +209,35 @@ context_get_vm_rcu(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
 	} while (1);
 }
 
+static void intel_context_set_gem(struct intel_context *ce,
+				  struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
+{
+	GEM_BUG_ON(ce->gem_context);
+	ce->gem_context = ctx;
+
+	if (!test_bit(CONTEXT_ALLOC_BIT, &ce->flags))
+		ce->ring = __intel_context_ring_size(SZ_16K);
+
+	if (rcu_access_pointer(ctx->vm)) {
+		struct i915_address_space *vm;
+
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		vm = context_get_vm_rcu(ctx); /* hmm */
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+
+		i915_vm_put(ce->vm);
+		ce->vm = vm;
+	}
+
+	GEM_BUG_ON(ce->timeline);
+	if (ctx->timeline)
+		ce->timeline = intel_timeline_get(ctx->timeline);
+
+	if (ctx->sched.priority >= I915_PRIORITY_NORMAL &&
+	    intel_engine_has_semaphores(ce->engine))
+		__set_bit(CONTEXT_USE_SEMAPHORES, &ce->flags);
+}
+
 static void __free_engines(struct i915_gem_engines *e, unsigned int count)
 {
 	while (count--) {
@@ -251,12 +280,14 @@ static struct i915_gem_engines *default_engines(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
 		GEM_BUG_ON(engine->legacy_idx >= I915_NUM_ENGINES);
 		GEM_BUG_ON(e->engines[engine->legacy_idx]);
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(ctx, engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			__free_engines(e, e->num_engines + 1);
 			return ERR_CAST(ce);
 		}
 
+		intel_context_set_gem(ce, ctx);
+
 		e->engines[engine->legacy_idx] = ce;
 		e->num_engines = max(e->num_engines, engine->legacy_idx);
 	}
@@ -706,37 +737,6 @@ i915_gem_create_context(struct drm_i915_private *i915, unsigned int flags)
 	return ctx;
 }
 
-static void
-destroy_kernel_context(struct i915_gem_context **ctxp)
-{
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
-
-	/* Keep the context ref so that we can free it immediately ourselves */
-	ctx = i915_gem_context_get(fetch_and_zero(ctxp));
-	GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_gem_context_is_kernel(ctx));
-
-	context_close(ctx);
-	i915_gem_context_free(ctx);
-}
-
-struct i915_gem_context *
-i915_gem_context_create_kernel(struct drm_i915_private *i915, int prio)
-{
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
-
-	ctx = i915_gem_create_context(i915, 0);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
-		return ctx;
-
-	i915_gem_context_clear_bannable(ctx);
-	i915_gem_context_set_persistence(ctx);
-	ctx->sched.priority = I915_USER_PRIORITY(prio);
-
-	GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_gem_context_is_kernel(ctx));
-
-	return ctx;
-}
-
 static void init_contexts(struct i915_gem_contexts *gc)
 {
 	spin_lock_init(&gc->lock);
@@ -746,32 +746,16 @@ static void init_contexts(struct i915_gem_contexts *gc)
 	init_llist_head(&gc->free_list);
 }
 
-int i915_gem_init_contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
+void i915_gem_init__contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
-
-	/* Reassure ourselves we are only called once */
-	GEM_BUG_ON(i915->kernel_context);
-
 	init_contexts(&i915->gem.contexts);
-
-	/* lowest priority; idle task */
-	ctx = i915_gem_context_create_kernel(i915, I915_PRIORITY_MIN);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Failed to create default global context\n");
-		return PTR_ERR(ctx);
-	}
-	i915->kernel_context = ctx;
-
 	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("%s context support initialized\n",
 			 DRIVER_CAPS(i915)->has_logical_contexts ?
 			 "logical" : "fake");
-	return 0;
 }
 
 void i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
 {
-	destroy_kernel_context(&i915->kernel_context);
 	flush_work(&i915->gem.contexts.free_work);
 }
 
@@ -840,7 +824,6 @@ int i915_gem_context_open(struct drm_i915_private *i915,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto err_ctx;
 
-	GEM_BUG_ON(i915_gem_context_is_kernel(ctx));
 	GEM_BUG_ON(err > 0);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1531,12 +1514,14 @@ set_engines__load_balance(struct i915_user_extension __user *base, void *data)
 		}
 	}
 
-	ce = intel_execlists_create_virtual(set->ctx, siblings, n);
+	ce = intel_execlists_create_virtual(siblings, n);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(ce);
 		goto out_siblings;
 	}
 
+	intel_context_set_gem(ce, set->ctx);
+
 	if (cmpxchg(&set->engines->engines[idx], NULL, ce)) {
 		intel_context_put(ce);
 		err = -EEXIST;
@@ -1706,12 +1691,14 @@ set_engines(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 			return -ENOENT;
 		}
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(ctx, engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			__free_engines(set.engines, n);
 			return PTR_ERR(ce);
 		}
 
+		intel_context_set_gem(ce, ctx);
+
 		set.engines->engines[n] = ce;
 	}
 	set.engines->num_engines = num_engines;
@@ -2016,13 +2003,15 @@ static int clone_engines(struct i915_gem_context *dst,
 		 */
 		if (intel_engine_is_virtual(engine))
 			clone->engines[n] =
-				intel_execlists_clone_virtual(dst, engine);
+				intel_execlists_clone_virtual(engine);
 		else
-			clone->engines[n] = intel_context_create(dst, engine);
+			clone->engines[n] = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(clone->engines[n])) {
 			__free_engines(clone, n);
 			goto err_unlock;
 		}
+
+		intel_context_set_gem(clone->engines[n], dst);
 	}
 	clone->num_engines = n;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.h
index 69932899803e..14f3cc1b7583 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_context.h
@@ -109,13 +109,8 @@ i915_gem_context_clear_user_engines(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
 	clear_bit(CONTEXT_USER_ENGINES, &ctx->flags);
 }
 
-static inline bool i915_gem_context_is_kernel(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
-{
-	return !ctx->file_priv;
-}
-
 /* i915_gem_context.c */
-int __must_check i915_gem_init_contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915);
+void i915_gem_init__contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915);
 void i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(struct drm_i915_private *i915);
 
 int i915_gem_context_open(struct drm_i915_private *i915,
@@ -140,9 +135,6 @@ int i915_gem_context_setparam_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev, void *data,
 int i915_gem_context_reset_stats_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev, void *data,
 				       struct drm_file *file);
 
-struct i915_gem_context *
-i915_gem_context_create_kernel(struct drm_i915_private *i915, int prio);
-
 static inline struct i915_gem_context *
 i915_gem_context_get(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_userptr.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_userptr.c
index f7f66c62cf0e..e5558af111e2 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_userptr.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_userptr.c
@@ -779,15 +779,11 @@ i915_gem_userptr_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev,
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	if (args->flags & I915_USERPTR_READ_ONLY) {
-		struct i915_address_space *vm;
-
 		/*
 		 * On almost all of the older hw, we cannot tell the GPU that
 		 * a page is readonly.
 		 */
-		vm = rcu_dereference_protected(dev_priv->kernel_context->vm,
-					       true); /* static vm */
-		if (!vm || !vm->has_read_only)
+		if (!dev_priv->gt.vm->has_read_only)
 			return -ENODEV;
 	}
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_context.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_context.c
index 780e58fe5c64..7fc46861a54d 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_context.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_context.c
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ static int live_parallel_switch(void *arg)
 			if (!data[m].ce[0])
 				continue;
 
-			ce = intel_context_create(ctx, data[m].ce[0]->engine);
+			ce = intel_context_create(data[m].ce[0]->engine);
 			if (IS_ERR(ce))
 				goto out;
 
@@ -1264,8 +1264,7 @@ __igt_ctx_sseu(struct drm_i915_private *i915,
 			hweight32(engine->sseu.slice_mask),
 			hweight32(pg_sseu.slice_mask));
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-					  engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			ret = PTR_ERR(ce);
 			goto out_put;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/mock_context.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/mock_context.c
index 53e89efb09c0..7d7e13dc2fdf 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/mock_context.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/mock_context.c
@@ -96,7 +96,16 @@ err_ctx:
 struct i915_gem_context *
 kernel_context(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
 {
-	return i915_gem_context_create_kernel(i915, I915_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
+	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
+
+	ctx = i915_gem_create_context(i915, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
+		return ctx;
+
+	i915_gem_context_clear_bannable(ctx);
+	i915_gem_context_set_persistence(ctx);
+
+	return ctx;
 }
 
 void kernel_context_close(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.c
index e73e976e5ecd..fbaa9df6f436 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.c
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ void intel_context_free(struct intel_context *ce)
 }
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_context_create(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-		     struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
+intel_context_create(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
 	struct intel_context *ce;
 
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ intel_context_create(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 	if (!ce)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-	intel_context_init(ce, ctx, engine);
+	intel_context_init(ce, engine);
 	return ce;
 }
 
@@ -71,8 +70,6 @@ int __intel_context_do_pin(struct intel_context *ce)
 		CE_TRACE(ce, "pin ring:{head:%04x, tail:%04x}\n",
 			 ce->ring->head, ce->ring->tail);
 
-		i915_gem_context_get(ce->gem_context); /* for ctx->ppgtt */
-
 		smp_mb__before_atomic(); /* flush pin before it is visible */
 	}
 
@@ -101,7 +98,6 @@ void intel_context_unpin(struct intel_context *ce)
 
 		ce->ops->unpin(ce);
 
-		i915_gem_context_put(ce->gem_context);
 		intel_context_active_release(ce);
 	}
 
@@ -193,7 +189,7 @@ int intel_context_active_acquire(struct intel_context *ce)
 		return err;
 
 	/* Preallocate tracking nodes */
-	if (!i915_gem_context_is_kernel(ce->gem_context)) {
+	if (!intel_context_is_barrier(ce)) {
 		err = i915_active_acquire_preallocate_barrier(&ce->active,
 							      ce->engine);
 		if (err) {
@@ -214,33 +210,19 @@ void intel_context_active_release(struct intel_context *ce)
 
 void
 intel_context_init(struct intel_context *ce,
-		   struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 		   struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
-	struct i915_address_space *vm;
-
 	GEM_BUG_ON(!engine->cops);
+	GEM_BUG_ON(!engine->gt->vm);
 
 	kref_init(&ce->ref);
 
-	ce->gem_context = ctx;
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	vm = rcu_dereference(ctx->vm);
-	if (vm)
-		ce->vm = i915_vm_get(vm);
-	else
-		ce->vm = i915_vm_get(&engine->gt->ggtt->vm);
-	rcu_read_unlock();
-	if (ctx->timeline)
-		ce->timeline = intel_timeline_get(ctx->timeline);
-	if (ctx->sched.priority >= I915_PRIORITY_NORMAL &&
-	    intel_engine_has_semaphores(engine))
-		__set_bit(CONTEXT_USE_SEMAPHORES, &ce->flags);
-
 	ce->engine = engine;
 	ce->ops = engine->cops;
 	ce->sseu = engine->sseu;
-	ce->ring = __intel_context_ring_size(SZ_16K);
+	ce->ring = __intel_context_ring_size(SZ_4K);
+
+	ce->vm = i915_vm_get(engine->gt->vm);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ce->signal_link);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ce->signals);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.h
index e7ac7027969f..1d4a1b1357cf 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context.h
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@
 } while (0)
 
 void intel_context_init(struct intel_context *ce,
-			struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 			struct intel_engine_cs *engine);
 void intel_context_fini(struct intel_context *ce);
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_context_create(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-		     struct intel_engine_cs *engine);
+intel_context_create(struct intel_engine_cs *engine);
 
 void intel_context_free(struct intel_context *ce);
 
@@ -162,6 +160,11 @@ static inline struct intel_ring *__intel_context_ring_size(u64 sz)
 	return u64_to_ptr(struct intel_ring, sz);
 }
 
+static inline bool intel_context_is_barrier(const struct intel_context *ce)
+{
+	return test_bit(CONTEXT_BARRIER_BIT, &ce->flags);
+}
+
 static inline bool intel_context_use_semaphores(const struct intel_context *ce)
 {
 	return test_bit(CONTEXT_USE_SEMAPHORES, &ce->flags);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context_types.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context_types.h
index af0d55b111f5..7dd03ad9826c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context_types.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_context_types.h
@@ -54,12 +54,13 @@ struct intel_context {
 	struct intel_timeline *timeline;
 
 	unsigned long flags;
-#define CONTEXT_ALLOC_BIT		0
-#define CONTEXT_VALID_BIT		1
-#define CONTEXT_USE_SEMAPHORES		2
-#define CONTEXT_BANNED			3
-#define CONTEXT_FORCE_SINGLE_SUBMISSION	4
-#define CONTEXT_NOPREEMPT		5
+#define CONTEXT_BARRIER_BIT		0
+#define CONTEXT_ALLOC_BIT		1
+#define CONTEXT_VALID_BIT		2
+#define CONTEXT_USE_SEMAPHORES		3
+#define CONTEXT_BANNED			4
+#define CONTEXT_FORCE_SINGLE_SUBMISSION	5
+#define CONTEXT_NOPREEMPT		6
 
 	u32 *lrc_reg_state;
 	u64 lrc_desc;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_cs.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_cs.c
index e091b3366eae..0c4c07072473 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_cs.c
@@ -759,13 +759,13 @@ create_kernel_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 	struct intel_context *ce;
 	int err;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(engine->i915->kernel_context, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return ce;
 
-	ce->ring = __intel_context_ring_size(SZ_4K);
+	__set_bit(CONTEXT_BARRIER_BIT, &ce->flags);
 
-	err = intel_context_pin(ce);
+	err = intel_context_pin(ce); /* perma-pin so it is always available */
 	if (err) {
 		intel_context_put(ce);
 		return ERR_PTR(err);
@@ -800,6 +800,12 @@ int intel_engine_init_common(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 
 	engine->set_default_submission(engine);
 
+	ret = measure_breadcrumb_dw(engine);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	engine->emit_fini_breadcrumb_dw = ret;
+
 	/*
 	 * We may need to do things with the shrinker which
 	 * require us to immediately switch back to the default
@@ -814,18 +820,7 @@ int intel_engine_init_common(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 
 	engine->kernel_context = ce;
 
-	ret = measure_breadcrumb_dw(engine);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		goto err_unpin;
-
-	engine->emit_fini_breadcrumb_dw = ret;
-
 	return 0;
-
-err_unpin:
-	intel_context_unpin(ce);
-	intel_context_put(ce);
-	return ret;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_pm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_pm.c
index 8fb7b34fc5a6..010620b78202 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_pm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_pm.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "i915_drv.h"
 
+#include "intel_context.h"
 #include "intel_engine.h"
 #include "intel_engine_heartbeat.h"
 #include "intel_engine_pm.h"
@@ -122,6 +123,8 @@ static bool switch_to_kernel_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 	unsigned long flags;
 	bool result = true;
 
+	GEM_BUG_ON(!intel_context_is_barrier(ce));
+
 	/* Already inside the kernel context, safe to power down. */
 	if (engine->wakeref_serial == engine->serial)
 		return true;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt.c
index c4fd8d65b8a3..af4f8c810009 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt.c
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ int intel_gt_init_hw(struct intel_gt *gt)
 	struct intel_uncore *uncore = gt->uncore;
 	int ret;
 
-	BUG_ON(!i915->kernel_context);
 	ret = intel_gt_terminally_wedged(gt);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
@@ -365,6 +364,14 @@ static void intel_gt_fini_scratch(struct intel_gt *gt)
 	i915_vma_unpin_and_release(&gt->scratch, 0);
 }
 
+static struct i915_address_space *kernel_vm(struct intel_gt *gt)
+{
+	if (INTEL_PPGTT(gt->i915) > INTEL_PPGTT_ALIASING)
+		return &i915_ppgtt_create(gt->i915)->vm;
+	else
+		return i915_vm_get(&gt->ggtt->vm);
+}
+
 int intel_gt_init(struct intel_gt *gt)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -375,7 +382,17 @@ int intel_gt_init(struct intel_gt *gt)
 
 	intel_gt_pm_init(gt);
 
+	gt->vm = kernel_vm(gt);
+	if (!gt->vm) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_scratch;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
+
+err_scratch:
+	intel_gt_fini_scratch(gt);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void intel_gt_driver_remove(struct intel_gt *gt)
@@ -390,6 +407,12 @@ void intel_gt_driver_unregister(struct intel_gt *gt)
 
 void intel_gt_driver_release(struct intel_gt *gt)
 {
+	struct i915_address_space *vm;
+
+	vm = fetch_and_zero(&gt->vm);
+	if (vm) /* FIXME being called twice on error paths :( */
+		i915_vm_put(vm);
+
 	intel_gt_pm_fini(gt);
 	intel_gt_fini_scratch(gt);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_requests.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_requests.c
index 0d1bca787288..063f863ee21c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_requests.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_requests.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "i915_drv.h" /* for_each_engine() */
 #include "i915_request.h"
+#include "intel_engine_heartbeat.h"
 #include "intel_gt.h"
 #include "intel_gt_pm.h"
 #include "intel_gt_requests.h"
@@ -27,8 +28,10 @@ static void flush_submission(struct intel_gt *gt)
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 
-	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id)
+	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		intel_engine_flush_submission(engine);
+		flush_work(&engine->retire_work);
+	}
 }
 
 static void engine_retire(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -117,10 +120,9 @@ long intel_gt_retire_requests_timeout(struct intel_gt *gt, long timeout)
 
 	spin_lock(&timelines->lock);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(tl, tn, &timelines->active_list, link) {
-		if (!mutex_trylock(&tl->mutex)) {
-			active_count++; /* report busy to caller, try again? */
+		active_count++; /* report busy to caller, try again? */
+		if (!mutex_trylock(&tl->mutex))
 			continue;
-		}
 
 		intel_timeline_get(tl);
 		GEM_BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&tl->active_count));
@@ -145,10 +147,10 @@ long intel_gt_retire_requests_timeout(struct intel_gt *gt, long timeout)
 
 		/* Resume iteration after dropping lock */
 		list_safe_reset_next(tl, tn, link);
-		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&tl->active_count))
+		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&tl->active_count)) {
 			list_del(&tl->link);
-		else
-			active_count += !!rcu_access_pointer(tl->last_request.fence);
+			active_count--;
+		}
 
 		mutex_unlock(&tl->mutex);
 
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@ long intel_gt_retire_requests_timeout(struct intel_gt *gt, long timeout)
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(tl, tn, &free, link)
 		__intel_timeline_free(&tl->kref);
 
+	flush_submission(gt);
+
 	return active_count ? timeout : 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_types.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_types.h
index d4e14dbd172e..96890dd12b5f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_types.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_gt_types.h
@@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ struct intel_gt {
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine[I915_NUM_ENGINES];
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine_class[MAX_ENGINE_CLASS + 1]
 					    [MAX_ENGINE_INSTANCE + 1];
+
+	/*
+	 * Default address space (either GGTT or ppGTT depending on arch).
+	 *
+	 * Reserved for exclusive use by the kernel.
+	 */
+	struct i915_address_space *vm;
 };
 
 enum intel_gt_scratch_field {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.c
index f060baf04bc0..fe2d1523bda3 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.c
@@ -133,12 +133,11 @@
  */
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 
-#include "gem/i915_gem_context.h"
-
 #include "i915_drv.h"
 #include "i915_perf.h"
 #include "i915_trace.h"
 #include "i915_vgpu.h"
+#include "intel_context.h"
 #include "intel_engine_pm.h"
 #include "intel_gt.h"
 #include "intel_gt_pm.h"
@@ -1326,7 +1325,8 @@ assert_pending_valid(const struct intel_engine_execlists *execlists,
 		if (i915_request_completed(rq))
 			goto unlock;
 
-		if (i915_active_is_idle(&ce->active) && ce->gem_context) {
+		if (i915_active_is_idle(&ce->active) &&
+		    !intel_context_is_barrier(ce)) {
 			GEM_TRACE_ERR("Inactive context:%llx in pending[%zd]\n",
 				      ce->timeline->fence_context,
 				      port - execlists->pending);
@@ -4475,8 +4475,7 @@ virtual_bond_execute(struct i915_request *rq, struct dma_fence *signal)
 }
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-			       struct intel_engine_cs **siblings,
+intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct intel_engine_cs **siblings,
 			       unsigned int count)
 {
 	struct virtual_engine *ve;
@@ -4487,13 +4486,13 @@ intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
 	if (count == 1)
-		return intel_context_create(ctx, siblings[0]);
+		return intel_context_create(siblings[0]);
 
 	ve = kzalloc(struct_size(ve, siblings, count), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!ve)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-	ve->base.i915 = ctx->i915;
+	ve->base.i915 = siblings[0]->i915;
 	ve->base.gt = siblings[0]->gt;
 	ve->base.uncore = siblings[0]->uncore;
 	ve->base.id = -1;
@@ -4535,7 +4534,7 @@ intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 		     virtual_submission_tasklet,
 		     (unsigned long)ve);
 
-	intel_context_init(&ve->context, ctx, &ve->base);
+	intel_context_init(&ve->context, &ve->base);
 
 	for (n = 0; n < count; n++) {
 		struct intel_engine_cs *sibling = siblings[n];
@@ -4610,14 +4609,12 @@ err_put:
 }
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_execlists_clone_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-			      struct intel_engine_cs *src)
+intel_execlists_clone_virtual(struct intel_engine_cs *src)
 {
 	struct virtual_engine *se = to_virtual_engine(src);
 	struct intel_context *dst;
 
-	dst = intel_execlists_create_virtual(ctx,
-					     se->siblings,
+	dst = intel_execlists_create_virtual(se->siblings,
 					     se->num_siblings);
 	if (IS_ERR(dst))
 		return dst;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.h
index 04511d8ebdc1..081521f17c74 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_lrc.h
@@ -111,13 +111,11 @@ void intel_execlists_show_requests(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 				   unsigned int max);
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-			       struct intel_engine_cs **siblings,
+intel_execlists_create_virtual(struct intel_engine_cs **siblings,
 			       unsigned int count);
 
 struct intel_context *
-intel_execlists_clone_virtual(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-			      struct intel_engine_cs *src);
+intel_execlists_clone_virtual(struct intel_engine_cs *src);
 
 int intel_virtual_engine_attach_bond(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 				     const struct intel_engine_cs *master,
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_reset.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_reset.c
index 3d293be64fc2..95c24176ab64 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_reset.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_reset.c
@@ -52,9 +52,8 @@ static void engine_skip_context(struct i915_request *rq)
 			i915_request_skip(rq, -EIO);
 }
 
-static void client_mark_guilty(struct i915_request *rq, bool banned)
+static void client_mark_guilty(struct i915_gem_context *ctx, bool banned)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx = rq->context->gem_context;
 	struct drm_i915_file_private *file_priv = ctx->file_priv;
 	unsigned long prev_hang;
 	unsigned int score;
@@ -81,11 +80,15 @@ static void client_mark_guilty(struct i915_request *rq, bool banned)
 
 static bool mark_guilty(struct i915_request *rq)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx = rq->context->gem_context;
+	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	unsigned long prev_hang;
 	bool banned;
 	int i;
 
+	ctx = rq->context->gem_context;
+	if (!ctx)
+		return false;
+
 	if (i915_gem_context_is_closed(ctx)) {
 		intel_context_set_banned(rq->context);
 		return true;
@@ -117,14 +120,15 @@ static bool mark_guilty(struct i915_request *rq)
 		intel_context_set_banned(rq->context);
 	}
 
-	client_mark_guilty(rq, banned);
+	client_mark_guilty(ctx, banned);
 
 	return banned;
 }
 
 static void mark_innocent(struct i915_request *rq)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&rq->context->gem_context->active_count);
+	if (rq->context->gem_context)
+		atomic_inc(&rq->context->gem_context->active_count);
 }
 
 void __i915_request_reset(struct i915_request *rq, bool guilty)
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_ring_submission.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_ring_submission.c
index a5d30d1468f7..3dc0d0a97a61 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_ring_submission.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_ring_submission.c
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ static int remap_l3(struct i915_request *rq)
 	struct i915_gem_context *ctx = rq->context->gem_context;
 	int i, err;
 
-	if (!ctx->remap_slice)
+	if (!ctx || !ctx->remap_slice)
 		return 0;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_L3_SLICES; i++) {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_context.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_context.c
index af354ccdbf40..e874dfaa5316 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_context.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_context.c
@@ -70,15 +70,14 @@ static int context_sync(struct intel_context *ce)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int __live_context_size(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
-			       struct i915_gem_context *fixme)
+static int __live_context_size(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
 	struct intel_context *ce;
 	struct i915_request *rq;
 	void *vaddr;
 	int err;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
@@ -146,7 +145,6 @@ static int live_context_size(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *fixme;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -155,10 +153,6 @@ static int live_context_size(void *arg)
 	 * HW tries to write past the end of one.
 	 */
 
-	fixme = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(fixme))
-		return PTR_ERR(fixme);
-
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		struct {
 			struct drm_i915_gem_object *state;
@@ -183,7 +177,7 @@ static int live_context_size(void *arg)
 		/* Overlaps with the execlists redzone */
 		engine->context_size += I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
 
-		err = __live_context_size(engine, fixme);
+		err = __live_context_size(engine);
 
 		engine->context_size -= I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
 
@@ -196,12 +190,10 @@ static int live_context_size(void *arg)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	kernel_context_close(fixme);
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int __live_active_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
-				 struct i915_gem_context *fixme)
+static int __live_active_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
 	unsigned long saved_heartbeat;
 	struct intel_context *ce;
@@ -227,7 +219,7 @@ static int __live_active_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
@@ -310,23 +302,11 @@ static int live_active_context(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *fixme;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
-	struct file *file;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	fixme = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(fixme)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(fixme);
-		goto out_file;
-	}
-
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
-		err = __live_active_context(engine, fixme);
+		err = __live_active_context(engine);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 
@@ -335,8 +315,6 @@ static int live_active_context(void *arg)
 			break;
 	}
 
-out_file:
-	fput(file);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -368,8 +346,7 @@ unpin:
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int __live_remote_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
-				 struct i915_gem_context *fixme)
+static int __live_remote_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
 	struct intel_context *local, *remote;
 	unsigned long saved_heartbeat;
@@ -390,11 +367,11 @@ static int __live_remote_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	remote = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	remote = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(remote))
 		return PTR_ERR(remote);
 
-	local = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	local = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(local)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(local);
 		goto err_remote;
@@ -434,23 +411,11 @@ static int live_remote_context(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *fixme;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
-	struct file *file;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	fixme = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(fixme)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(fixme);
-		goto out_file;
-	}
-
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
-		err = __live_remote_context(engine, fixme);
+		err = __live_remote_context(engine);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 
@@ -459,8 +424,6 @@ static int live_remote_context(void *arg)
 			break;
 	}
 
-out_file:
-	fput(file);
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_engine_heartbeat.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_engine_heartbeat.c
index 5227e79204a5..43d4d589749f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_engine_heartbeat.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_engine_heartbeat.c
@@ -200,8 +200,7 @@ static int __live_heartbeat_fast(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 	int err;
 	int i;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-				  engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_hangcheck.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_hangcheck.c
index d155c9374453..5dbda2a74272 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_hangcheck.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_hangcheck.c
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 
 #include "gem/i915_gem_context.h"
-#include "gt/intel_gt.h"
+
+#include "intel_gt.h"
+#include "intel_engine_heartbeat.h"
 #include "intel_engine_pm.h"
 
 #include "i915_selftest.h"
@@ -308,6 +310,24 @@ static bool wait_until_running(struct hang *h, struct i915_request *rq)
 			  1000));
 }
 
+static void engine_heartbeat_disable(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+				     unsigned long *saved)
+{
+	*saved = engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms;
+	engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms = 0;
+
+	intel_engine_pm_get(engine);
+	intel_engine_park_heartbeat(engine);
+}
+
+static void engine_heartbeat_enable(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+				    unsigned long saved)
+{
+	intel_engine_pm_put(engine);
+
+	engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms = saved;
+}
+
 static int igt_hang_sanitycheck(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
@@ -377,36 +397,30 @@ static int igt_reset_nop(void *arg)
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct i915_gpu_error *global = &gt->i915->gpu_error;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	unsigned int reset_count, count;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	IGT_TIMEOUT(end_time);
-	struct file *file;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	/* Check that we can reset during non-user portions of requests */
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	ctx = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	i915_gem_context_clear_bannable(ctx);
 	reset_count = i915_reset_count(global);
 	count = 0;
 	do {
 		for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
+			struct intel_context *ce;
 			int i;
 
+			ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+			if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
+				err = PTR_ERR(ce);
+				break;
+			}
+
 			for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
 				struct i915_request *rq;
 
-				rq = igt_request_alloc(ctx, engine);
+				rq = intel_context_create_request(ce);
 				if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
 					err = PTR_ERR(rq);
 					break;
@@ -414,6 +428,8 @@ static int igt_reset_nop(void *arg)
 
 				i915_request_add(rq);
 			}
+
+			intel_context_put(ce);
 		}
 
 		igt_global_reset_lock(gt);
@@ -437,10 +453,7 @@ static int igt_reset_nop(void *arg)
 	} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
 	pr_info("%s: %d resets\n", __func__, count);
 
-	err = igt_flush_test(gt->i915);
-out:
-	fput(file);
-	if (intel_gt_is_wedged(gt))
+	if (igt_flush_test(gt->i915))
 		err = -EIO;
 	return err;
 }
@@ -450,36 +463,29 @@ static int igt_reset_nop_engine(void *arg)
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct i915_gpu_error *global = &gt->i915->gpu_error;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
-	struct file *file;
-	int err = 0;
 
 	/* Check that we can engine-reset during non-user portions */
 
 	if (!intel_has_reset_engine(gt))
 		return 0;
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	ctx = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	i915_gem_context_clear_bannable(ctx);
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
-		unsigned int reset_count, reset_engine_count;
-		unsigned int count;
+		unsigned int reset_count, reset_engine_count, count;
+		struct intel_context *ce;
+		unsigned long heartbeat;
 		IGT_TIMEOUT(end_time);
+		int err;
+
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+		if (IS_ERR(ce))
+			return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
 		reset_count = i915_reset_count(global);
 		reset_engine_count = i915_reset_engine_count(global, engine);
 		count = 0;
 
+		engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &heartbeat);
 		set_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
 		do {
 			int i;
@@ -494,7 +500,7 @@ static int igt_reset_nop_engine(void *arg)
 			for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
 				struct i915_request *rq;
 
-				rq = igt_request_alloc(ctx, engine);
+				rq = intel_context_create_request(ce);
 				if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
 					err = PTR_ERR(rq);
 					break;
@@ -523,22 +529,18 @@ static int igt_reset_nop_engine(void *arg)
 			}
 		} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
 		clear_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
+		engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, heartbeat);
+
 		pr_info("%s(%s): %d resets\n", __func__, engine->name, count);
 
+		intel_context_put(ce);
+		if (igt_flush_test(gt->i915))
+			err = -EIO;
 		if (err)
-			break;
-
-		err = igt_flush_test(gt->i915);
-		if (err)
-			break;
+			return err;
 	}
 
-	err = igt_flush_test(gt->i915);
-out:
-	fput(file);
-	if (intel_gt_is_wedged(gt))
-		err = -EIO;
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __igt_reset_engine(struct intel_gt *gt, bool active)
@@ -562,6 +564,7 @@ static int __igt_reset_engine(struct intel_gt *gt, bool active)
 
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		unsigned int reset_count, reset_engine_count;
+		unsigned long heartbeat;
 		IGT_TIMEOUT(end_time);
 
 		if (active && !intel_engine_can_store_dword(engine))
@@ -577,7 +580,7 @@ static int __igt_reset_engine(struct intel_gt *gt, bool active)
 		reset_count = i915_reset_count(global);
 		reset_engine_count = i915_reset_engine_count(global, engine);
 
-		intel_engine_pm_get(engine);
+		engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &heartbeat);
 		set_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
 		do {
 			if (active) {
@@ -629,7 +632,7 @@ static int __igt_reset_engine(struct intel_gt *gt, bool active)
 			}
 		} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
 		clear_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
-		intel_engine_pm_put(engine);
+		engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, heartbeat);
 
 		if (err)
 			break;
@@ -699,43 +702,43 @@ static int active_engine(void *data)
 	struct active_engine *arg = data;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine = arg->engine;
 	struct i915_request *rq[8] = {};
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx[ARRAY_SIZE(rq)];
-	unsigned long count = 0;
-	struct file *file;
+	struct intel_context *ce[ARRAY_SIZE(rq)];
+	unsigned long count;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	file = mock_file(engine->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	for (count = 0; count < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx); count++) {
-		ctx[count] = live_context(engine->i915, file);
-		if (IS_ERR(ctx[count])) {
-			err = PTR_ERR(ctx[count]);
+	for (count = 0; count < ARRAY_SIZE(ce); count++) {
+		ce[count] = intel_context_create(engine);
+		if (IS_ERR(ce[count])) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(ce[count]);
 			while (--count)
-				i915_gem_context_put(ctx[count]);
-			goto err_file;
+				intel_context_put(ce[count]);
+			return err;
 		}
 	}
 
+	count = 0;
 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
 		unsigned int idx = count++ & (ARRAY_SIZE(rq) - 1);
 		struct i915_request *old = rq[idx];
 		struct i915_request *new;
 
-		new = igt_request_alloc(ctx[idx], engine);
+		new = intel_context_create_request(ce[idx]);
 		if (IS_ERR(new)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(new);
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (arg->flags & TEST_PRIORITY)
-			ctx[idx]->sched.priority =
-				i915_prandom_u32_max_state(512, &prng);
-
 		rq[idx] = i915_request_get(new);
 		i915_request_add(new);
 
+		if (engine->schedule && arg->flags & TEST_PRIORITY) {
+			struct i915_sched_attr attr = {
+				.priority =
+					i915_prandom_u32_max_state(512, &prng),
+			};
+			engine->schedule(rq[idx], &attr);
+		}
+
 		err = active_request_put(old);
 		if (err)
 			break;
@@ -749,10 +752,10 @@ static int active_engine(void *data)
 		/* Keep the first error */
 		if (!err)
 			err = err__;
+
+		intel_context_put(ce[count]);
 	}
 
-err_file:
-	fput(file);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -786,6 +789,7 @@ static int __igt_reset_engines(struct intel_gt *gt,
 		struct active_engine threads[I915_NUM_ENGINES] = {};
 		unsigned long device = i915_reset_count(global);
 		unsigned long count = 0, reported;
+		unsigned long heartbeat;
 		IGT_TIMEOUT(end_time);
 
 		if (flags & TEST_ACTIVE &&
@@ -828,7 +832,7 @@ static int __igt_reset_engines(struct intel_gt *gt,
 
 		yield(); /* start all threads before we begin */
 
-		intel_engine_pm_get(engine);
+		engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &heartbeat);
 		set_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
 		do {
 			struct i915_request *rq = NULL;
@@ -902,7 +906,8 @@ static int __igt_reset_engines(struct intel_gt *gt,
 			}
 		} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
 		clear_bit(I915_RESET_ENGINE + id, &gt->reset.flags);
-		intel_engine_pm_put(engine);
+		engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, heartbeat);
+
 		pr_info("i915_reset_engine(%s:%s): %lu resets\n",
 			engine->name, test_name, count);
 
@@ -1300,32 +1305,21 @@ static int igt_reset_evict_ggtt(void *arg)
 static int igt_reset_evict_ppgtt(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
-	struct i915_address_space *vm;
-	struct file *file;
+	struct i915_ppgtt *ppgtt;
 	int err;
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
+	/* aliasing == global gtt locking, covered above */
+	if (INTEL_PPGTT(gt->i915) < INTEL_PPGTT_FULL)
+		return 0;
 
-	ctx = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto out;
-	}
+	ppgtt = i915_ppgtt_create(gt->i915);
+	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt))
+		return PTR_ERR(ppgtt);
 
-	err = 0;
-	vm = i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx);
-	if (!i915_is_ggtt(vm)) {
-		/* aliasing == global gtt locking, covered above */
-		err = __igt_reset_evict_vma(gt, vm,
-					    evict_vma, EXEC_OBJECT_WRITE);
-	}
-	i915_vm_put(vm);
+	err = __igt_reset_evict_vma(gt, &ppgtt->vm,
+				    evict_vma, EXEC_OBJECT_WRITE);
+	i915_vm_put(&ppgtt->vm);
 
-out:
-	fput(file);
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_lrc.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_lrc.c
index 619e34813ade..9ec9833c9c7b 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_lrc.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_lrc.c
@@ -50,14 +50,31 @@ static struct i915_vma *create_scratch(struct intel_gt *gt)
 	return vma;
 }
 
+static void engine_heartbeat_disable(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+				     unsigned long *saved)
+{
+	*saved = engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms;
+	engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms = 0;
+
+	intel_engine_pm_get(engine);
+	intel_engine_park_heartbeat(engine);
+}
+
+static void engine_heartbeat_enable(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+				    unsigned long saved)
+{
+	intel_engine_pm_put(engine);
+
+	engine->props.heartbeat_interval_ms = saved;
+}
+
 static int live_sanitycheck(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
-	struct i915_gem_engines_iter it;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
-	struct intel_context *ce;
+	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
+	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	struct igt_spinner spin;
-	int err = -ENOMEM;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	if (!HAS_LOGICAL_RING_CONTEXTS(gt->i915))
 		return 0;
@@ -65,17 +82,20 @@ static int live_sanitycheck(void *arg)
 	if (igt_spinner_init(&spin, gt))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!ctx)
-		goto err_spin;
-
-	for_each_gem_engine(ce, i915_gem_context_lock_engines(ctx), it) {
+	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
+		struct intel_context *ce;
 		struct i915_request *rq;
 
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(ce);
+			break;
+		}
+
 		rq = igt_spinner_create_request(&spin, ce, MI_NOOP);
 		if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(rq);
-			goto err_ctx;
+			goto out_ctx;
 		}
 
 		i915_request_add(rq);
@@ -84,21 +104,21 @@ static int live_sanitycheck(void *arg)
 			GEM_TRACE_DUMP();
 			intel_gt_set_wedged(gt);
 			err = -EIO;
-			goto err_ctx;
+			goto out_ctx;
 		}
 
 		igt_spinner_end(&spin);
 		if (igt_flush_test(gt->i915)) {
 			err = -EIO;
-			goto err_ctx;
+			goto out_ctx;
 		}
+
+out_ctx:
+		intel_context_put(ce);
+		if (err)
+			break;
 	}
 
-	err = 0;
-err_ctx:
-	i915_gem_context_unlock_engines(ctx);
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
-err_spin:
 	igt_spinner_fini(&spin);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -106,7 +126,6 @@ err_spin:
 static int live_unlite_restore(struct intel_gt *gt, int prio)
 {
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	struct igt_spinner spin;
 	int err = -ENOMEM;
@@ -119,15 +138,12 @@ static int live_unlite_restore(struct intel_gt *gt, int prio)
 	if (igt_spinner_init(&spin, gt))
 		return err;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!ctx)
-		goto err_spin;
-
 	err = 0;
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		struct intel_context *ce[2] = {};
 		struct i915_request *rq[2];
 		struct igt_live_test t;
+		unsigned long saved;
 		int n;
 
 		if (prio && !intel_engine_has_preemption(engine))
@@ -140,11 +156,12 @@ static int live_unlite_restore(struct intel_gt *gt, int prio)
 			err = -EIO;
 			break;
 		}
+		engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &saved);
 
 		for (n = 0; n < ARRAY_SIZE(ce); n++) {
 			struct intel_context *tmp;
 
-			tmp = intel_context_create(ctx, engine);
+			tmp = intel_context_create(engine);
 			if (IS_ERR(tmp)) {
 				err = PTR_ERR(tmp);
 				goto err_ce;
@@ -247,14 +264,13 @@ err_ce:
 			intel_context_put(ce[n]);
 		}
 
+		engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, saved);
 		if (igt_live_test_end(&t))
 			err = -EIO;
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
-err_spin:
 	igt_spinner_fini(&spin);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -309,17 +325,17 @@ emit_semaphore_chain(struct i915_request *rq, struct i915_vma *vma, int idx)
 static struct i915_request *
 semaphore_queue(struct intel_engine_cs *engine, struct i915_vma *vma, int idx)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
+	struct intel_context *ce;
 	struct i915_request *rq;
 	int err;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(engine->i915);
-	if (!ctx)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+	if (IS_ERR(ce))
+		return ERR_CAST(ce);
 
-	rq = igt_request_alloc(ctx, engine);
+	rq = intel_context_create_request(ce);
 	if (IS_ERR(rq))
-		goto out_ctx;
+		goto out_ce;
 
 	err = 0;
 	if (rq->engine->emit_init_breadcrumb)
@@ -332,8 +348,8 @@ semaphore_queue(struct intel_engine_cs *engine, struct i915_vma *vma, int idx)
 	if (err)
 		rq = ERR_PTR(err);
 
-out_ctx:
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
+out_ce:
+	intel_context_put(ce);
 	return rq;
 }
 
@@ -468,12 +484,16 @@ static int live_timeslice_preempt(void *arg)
 		enum intel_engine_id id;
 
 		for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
+			unsigned long saved;
+
 			if (!intel_engine_has_preemption(engine))
 				continue;
 
 			memset(vaddr, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
+			engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &saved);
 			err = slice_semaphore_queue(engine, vma, count);
+			engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, saved);
 			if (err)
 				goto err_pin;
 
@@ -566,17 +586,19 @@ static int live_timeslice_queue(void *arg)
 			.priority = I915_USER_PRIORITY(I915_PRIORITY_MAX),
 		};
 		struct i915_request *rq, *nop;
+		unsigned long saved;
 
 		if (!intel_engine_has_preemption(engine))
 			continue;
 
+		engine_heartbeat_disable(engine, &saved);
 		memset(vaddr, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
 		/* ELSP[0]: semaphore wait */
 		rq = semaphore_queue(engine, vma, 0);
 		if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(rq);
-			goto err_pin;
+			goto err_heartbeat;
 		}
 		engine->schedule(rq, &attr);
 		wait_for_submit(engine, rq);
@@ -585,8 +607,7 @@ static int live_timeslice_queue(void *arg)
 		nop = nop_request(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(nop)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(nop);
-			i915_request_put(rq);
-			goto err_pin;
+			goto err_rq;
 		}
 		wait_for_submit(engine, nop);
 		i915_request_put(nop);
@@ -596,10 +617,8 @@ static int live_timeslice_queue(void *arg)
 
 		/* Queue: semaphore signal, matching priority as semaphore */
 		err = release_queue(engine, vma, 1, effective_prio(rq));
-		if (err) {
-			i915_request_put(rq);
-			goto err_pin;
-		}
+		if (err)
+			goto err_rq;
 
 		intel_engine_flush_submission(engine);
 		if (!READ_ONCE(engine->execlists.timer.expires) &&
@@ -630,12 +649,14 @@ static int live_timeslice_queue(void *arg)
 			memset(vaddr, 0xff, PAGE_SIZE);
 			err = -EIO;
 		}
+err_rq:
 		i915_request_put(rq);
+err_heartbeat:
+		engine_heartbeat_enable(engine, saved);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	}
 
-err_pin:
 	i915_vma_unpin(vma);
 err_map:
 	i915_gem_object_unpin_map(obj);
@@ -1956,7 +1977,7 @@ static int create_gang(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 	u32 *cs;
 	int err;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
@@ -2618,27 +2639,17 @@ static int nop_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 {
 	IGT_TIMEOUT(end_time);
 	struct i915_request *request[16] = {};
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx[16];
 	struct intel_context *ve[16];
 	unsigned long n, prime, nc;
 	struct igt_live_test t;
 	ktime_t times[2] = {};
 	int err;
 
-	GEM_BUG_ON(!nctx || nctx > ARRAY_SIZE(ctx));
+	GEM_BUG_ON(!nctx || nctx > ARRAY_SIZE(ve));
 
 	for (n = 0; n < nctx; n++) {
-		ctx[n] = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-		if (!ctx[n]) {
-			err = -ENOMEM;
-			nctx = n;
-			goto out;
-		}
-
-		ve[n] = intel_execlists_create_virtual(ctx[n],
-						       siblings, nsibling);
+		ve[n] = intel_execlists_create_virtual(siblings, nsibling);
 		if (IS_ERR(ve[n])) {
-			kernel_context_close(ctx[n]);
 			err = PTR_ERR(ve[n]);
 			nctx = n;
 			goto out;
@@ -2647,7 +2658,6 @@ static int nop_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 		err = intel_context_pin(ve[n]);
 		if (err) {
 			intel_context_put(ve[n]);
-			kernel_context_close(ctx[n]);
 			nctx = n;
 			goto out;
 		}
@@ -2742,7 +2752,6 @@ out:
 		i915_request_put(request[nc]);
 		intel_context_unpin(ve[nc]);
 		intel_context_put(ve[nc]);
-		kernel_context_close(ctx[nc]);
 	}
 	return err;
 }
@@ -2801,7 +2810,6 @@ static int mask_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 			       unsigned int nsibling)
 {
 	struct i915_request *request[MAX_ENGINE_INSTANCE + 1];
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	struct intel_context *ve;
 	struct igt_live_test t;
 	unsigned int n;
@@ -2812,11 +2820,7 @@ static int mask_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 	 * restrict it to our desired engine within the virtual engine.
 	 */
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!ctx)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(ctx, siblings, nsibling);
+	ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(siblings, nsibling);
 	if (IS_ERR(ve)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(ve);
 		goto out_close;
@@ -2884,7 +2888,6 @@ out_unpin:
 out_put:
 	intel_context_put(ve);
 out_close:
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2924,7 +2927,6 @@ static int preserved_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 				    unsigned int nsibling)
 {
 	struct i915_request *last = NULL;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	struct intel_context *ve;
 	struct i915_vma *scratch;
 	struct igt_live_test t;
@@ -2932,17 +2934,11 @@ static int preserved_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 	int err = 0;
 	u32 *cs;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!ctx)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
 	scratch = create_scratch(siblings[0]->gt);
-	if (IS_ERR(scratch)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(scratch);
-		goto out_close;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(scratch))
+		return PTR_ERR(scratch);
 
-	ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(ctx, siblings, nsibling);
+	ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(siblings, nsibling);
 	if (IS_ERR(ve)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(ve);
 		goto out_scratch;
@@ -3025,8 +3021,6 @@ out_put:
 	intel_context_put(ve);
 out_scratch:
 	i915_vma_unpin_and_release(&scratch, 0);
-out_close:
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -3078,7 +3072,6 @@ static int bond_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 #define BOND_SCHEDULE BIT(0)
 {
 	struct intel_engine_cs *master;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	struct i915_request *rq[16];
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	struct igt_spinner spin;
@@ -3129,12 +3122,6 @@ static int bond_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 	if (igt_spinner_init(&spin, gt))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!ctx) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
-		goto err_spin;
-	}
-
 	err = 0;
 	rq[0] = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 	for_each_engine(master, gt, id) {
@@ -3145,7 +3132,9 @@ static int bond_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 
 		memset_p((void *)rq, ERR_PTR(-EINVAL), ARRAY_SIZE(rq));
 
-		rq[0] = spinner_create_request(&spin, ctx, master, MI_NOOP);
+		rq[0] = igt_spinner_create_request(&spin,
+						   master->kernel_context,
+						   MI_NOOP);
 		if (IS_ERR(rq[0])) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(rq[0]);
 			goto out;
@@ -3172,9 +3161,7 @@ static int bond_virtual_engine(struct intel_gt *gt,
 		for (n = 0; n < nsibling; n++) {
 			struct intel_context *ve;
 
-			ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(ctx,
-							    siblings,
-							    nsibling);
+			ve = intel_execlists_create_virtual(siblings, nsibling);
 			if (IS_ERR(ve)) {
 				err = PTR_ERR(ve);
 				onstack_fence_fini(&fence);
@@ -3254,8 +3241,6 @@ out:
 	if (igt_flush_test(gt->i915))
 		err = -EIO;
 
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
-err_spin:
 	igt_spinner_fini(&spin);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -3567,8 +3552,7 @@ static int live_lrc_fixed(void *arg)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int __live_lrc_state(struct i915_gem_context *fixme,
-			    struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+static int __live_lrc_state(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 			    struct i915_vma *scratch)
 {
 	struct intel_context *ce;
@@ -3583,7 +3567,7 @@ static int __live_lrc_state(struct i915_gem_context *fixme,
 	int err;
 	int n;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
@@ -3657,7 +3641,6 @@ static int live_lrc_state(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *fixme;
 	struct i915_vma *scratch;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -3667,18 +3650,12 @@ static int live_lrc_state(void *arg)
 	 * intel_context.
 	 */
 
-	fixme = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!fixme)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
 	scratch = create_scratch(gt);
-	if (IS_ERR(scratch)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(scratch);
-		goto out_close;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(scratch))
+		return PTR_ERR(scratch);
 
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
-		err = __live_lrc_state(fixme, engine, scratch);
+		err = __live_lrc_state(engine, scratch);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -3687,8 +3664,6 @@ static int live_lrc_state(void *arg)
 		err = -EIO;
 
 	i915_vma_unpin_and_release(&scratch, 0);
-out_close:
-	kernel_context_close(fixme);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -3721,8 +3696,7 @@ static int gpr_make_dirty(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int __live_gpr_clear(struct i915_gem_context *fixme,
-			    struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
+static int __live_gpr_clear(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 			    struct i915_vma *scratch)
 {
 	struct intel_context *ce;
@@ -3738,7 +3712,7 @@ static int __live_gpr_clear(struct i915_gem_context *fixme,
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	ce = intel_context_create(fixme, engine);
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 	if (IS_ERR(ce))
 		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
@@ -3800,7 +3774,6 @@ static int live_gpr_clear(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *fixme;
 	struct i915_vma *scratch;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -3810,18 +3783,12 @@ static int live_gpr_clear(void *arg)
 	 * to avoid leaking any information from previous contexts.
 	 */
 
-	fixme = kernel_context(gt->i915);
-	if (!fixme)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
 	scratch = create_scratch(gt);
-	if (IS_ERR(scratch)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(scratch);
-		goto out_close;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(scratch))
+		return PTR_ERR(scratch);
 
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
-		err = __live_gpr_clear(fixme, engine, scratch);
+		err = __live_gpr_clear(engine, scratch);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -3830,8 +3797,6 @@ static int live_gpr_clear(void *arg)
 		err = -EIO;
 
 	i915_vma_unpin_and_release(&scratch, 0);
-out_close:
-	kernel_context_close(fixme);
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_mocs.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_mocs.c
index de010f527757..de1f83100fb6 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_mocs.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_mocs.c
@@ -289,8 +289,7 @@ static int live_mocs_clean(void *arg)
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		struct intel_context *ce;
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-					  engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(ce);
 			break;
@@ -384,8 +383,7 @@ static int live_mocs_reset(void *arg)
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
 		struct intel_context *ce;
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-					  engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(ce);
 			break;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_rc6.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_rc6.c
index f8b7691be4d1..8cc55a0e9e06 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_rc6.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_rc6.c
@@ -160,8 +160,7 @@ int live_rc6_ctx_wa(void *arg)
 			const u32 *res;
 
 			/* Use a sacrifical context */
-			ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-						  engine);
+			ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 			if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 				err = PTR_ERR(ce);
 				goto out;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_workarounds.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_workarounds.c
index d5d1e1a32187..ac1921854cbf 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_workarounds.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/selftest_workarounds.c
@@ -264,22 +264,15 @@ static int
 switch_to_scratch_context(struct intel_engine_cs *engine,
 			  struct igt_spinner *spin)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	struct intel_context *ce;
 	struct i915_request *rq;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	ctx = kernel_context(engine->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
-		return PTR_ERR(ctx);
-
-	GEM_BUG_ON(i915_gem_context_is_bannable(ctx));
-
-	ce = i915_gem_context_get_engine(ctx, engine->legacy_idx);
-	GEM_BUG_ON(IS_ERR(ce));
+	ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+	if (IS_ERR(ce))
+		return PTR_ERR(ce);
 
 	rq = igt_spinner_create_request(spin, ce, MI_NOOP);
-
 	intel_context_put(ce);
 
 	if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
@@ -293,7 +286,6 @@ err:
 	if (err && spin)
 		igt_spinner_end(spin);
 
-	kernel_context_close(ctx);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -367,20 +359,17 @@ out_ctx:
 	return err;
 }
 
-static struct i915_vma *create_batch(struct i915_gem_context *ctx)
+static struct i915_vma *create_batch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
 {
 	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj;
-	struct i915_address_space *vm;
 	struct i915_vma *vma;
 	int err;
 
-	obj = i915_gem_object_create_internal(ctx->i915, 16 * PAGE_SIZE);
+	obj = i915_gem_object_create_internal(vm->i915, 16 * PAGE_SIZE);
 	if (IS_ERR(obj))
 		return ERR_CAST(obj);
 
-	vm = i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx);
 	vma = i915_vma_instance(obj, vm, NULL);
-	i915_vm_put(vm);
 	if (IS_ERR(vma)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(vma);
 		goto err_obj;
@@ -452,8 +441,7 @@ static int whitelist_writable_count(struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int check_dirty_whitelist(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
-				 struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
+static int check_dirty_whitelist(struct intel_context *ce)
 {
 	const u32 values[] = {
 		0x00000000,
@@ -481,19 +469,17 @@ static int check_dirty_whitelist(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 		0xffff00ff,
 		0xffffffff,
 	};
-	struct i915_address_space *vm;
+	struct intel_engine_cs *engine = ce->engine;
 	struct i915_vma *scratch;
 	struct i915_vma *batch;
 	int err = 0, i, v;
 	u32 *cs, *results;
 
-	vm = i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx);
-	scratch = create_scratch(vm, 2 * ARRAY_SIZE(values) + 1);
-	i915_vm_put(vm);
+	scratch = create_scratch(ce->vm, 2 * ARRAY_SIZE(values) + 1);
 	if (IS_ERR(scratch))
 		return PTR_ERR(scratch);
 
-	batch = create_batch(ctx);
+	batch = create_batch(ce->vm);
 	if (IS_ERR(batch)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(batch);
 		goto out_scratch;
@@ -518,7 +504,7 @@ static int check_dirty_whitelist(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 
 		srm = MI_STORE_REGISTER_MEM;
 		lrm = MI_LOAD_REGISTER_MEM;
-		if (INTEL_GEN(ctx->i915) >= 8)
+		if (INTEL_GEN(engine->i915) >= 8)
 			lrm++, srm++;
 
 		pr_debug("%s: Writing garbage to %x\n",
@@ -577,7 +563,7 @@ static int check_dirty_whitelist(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 		i915_gem_object_unpin_map(batch->obj);
 		intel_gt_chipset_flush(engine->gt);
 
-		rq = igt_request_alloc(ctx, engine);
+		rq = intel_context_create_request(ce);
 		if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(rq);
 			goto out_batch;
@@ -696,7 +682,7 @@ out_unpin:
 			break;
 	}
 
-	if (igt_flush_test(ctx->i915))
+	if (igt_flush_test(engine->i915))
 		err = -EIO;
 out_batch:
 	i915_vma_unpin_and_release(&batch, 0);
@@ -709,38 +695,31 @@ static int live_dirty_whitelist(void *arg)
 {
 	struct intel_gt *gt = arg;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	enum intel_engine_id id;
-	struct file *file;
-	int err = 0;
 
 	/* Can the user write to the whitelisted registers? */
 
 	if (INTEL_GEN(gt->i915) < 7) /* minimum requirement for LRI, SRM, LRM */
 		return 0;
 
-	file = mock_file(gt->i915);
-	if (IS_ERR(file))
-		return PTR_ERR(file);
-
-	ctx = live_context(gt->i915, file);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto out_file;
-	}
-
 	for_each_engine(engine, gt, id) {
+		struct intel_context *ce;
+		int err;
+
 		if (engine->whitelist.count == 0)
 			continue;
 
-		err = check_dirty_whitelist(ctx, engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
+		if (IS_ERR(ce))
+			return PTR_ERR(ce);
+
+		err = check_dirty_whitelist(ce);
+		intel_context_put(ce);
 		if (err)
-			goto out_file;
+			return err;
 	}
 
-out_file:
-	fput(file);
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int live_reset_whitelist(void *arg)
@@ -830,12 +809,15 @@ err_req:
 static int scrub_whitelisted_registers(struct i915_gem_context *ctx,
 				       struct intel_engine_cs *engine)
 {
+	struct i915_address_space *vm;
 	struct i915_request *rq;
 	struct i915_vma *batch;
 	int i, err = 0;
 	u32 *cs;
 
-	batch = create_batch(ctx);
+	vm = i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx);
+	batch = create_batch(vm);
+	i915_vm_put(vm);
 	if (IS_ERR(batch))
 		return PTR_ERR(batch);
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/scheduler.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/scheduler.c
index 228c66534e21..b3299f88e24e 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/scheduler.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/scheduler.c
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
 
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 
-#include "gem/i915_gem_context.h"
 #include "gem/i915_gem_pm.h"
 #include "gt/intel_context.h"
 #include "gt/intel_ring.h"
 
 #include "i915_drv.h"
+#include "i915_gem_gtt.h"
 #include "gvt.h"
 
 #define RING_CTX_OFF(x) \
@@ -1220,16 +1220,14 @@ int intel_vgpu_setup_submission(struct intel_vgpu *vgpu)
 	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vgpu->gvt->dev_priv;
 	struct intel_vgpu_submission *s = &vgpu->submission;
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx;
 	struct i915_ppgtt *ppgtt;
 	enum intel_engine_id i;
 	int ret;
 
-	ctx = i915_gem_context_create_kernel(i915, I915_PRIORITY_MAX);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
-		return PTR_ERR(ctx);
+	ppgtt = i915_ppgtt_create(i915);
+	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt))
+		return PTR_ERR(ppgtt);
 
-	ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx));
 	i915_context_ppgtt_root_save(s, ppgtt);
 
 	for_each_engine(engine, i915, i) {
@@ -1238,12 +1236,14 @@ int intel_vgpu_setup_submission(struct intel_vgpu *vgpu)
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->workload_q_head[i]);
 		s->shadow[i] = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(ctx, engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			ret = PTR_ERR(ce);
 			goto out_shadow_ctx;
 		}
 
+		i915_vm_put(ce->vm);
+		ce->vm = i915_vm_get(&ppgtt->vm);
 		intel_context_set_single_submission(ce);
 
 		if (!USES_GUC_SUBMISSION(i915)) { /* Max ring buffer size */
@@ -1278,7 +1278,6 @@ int intel_vgpu_setup_submission(struct intel_vgpu *vgpu)
 	bitmap_zero(s->tlb_handle_pending, I915_NUM_ENGINES);
 
 	i915_vm_put(&ppgtt->vm);
-	i915_gem_context_put(ctx);
 	return 0;
 
 out_shadow_ctx:
@@ -1291,7 +1290,6 @@ out_shadow_ctx:
 		intel_context_put(s->shadow[i]);
 	}
 	i915_vm_put(&ppgtt->vm);
-	i915_gem_context_put(ctx);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_active.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_active.c
index 3d0edde84705..cfe09964622b 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_active.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_active.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
 
+#include "gt/intel_context.h"
 #include "gt/intel_engine_pm.h"
 #include "gt/intel_ring.h"
 
@@ -724,6 +725,7 @@ void i915_request_add_active_barriers(struct i915_request *rq)
 	struct llist_node *node, *next;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
+	GEM_BUG_ON(!intel_context_is_barrier(rq->context));
 	GEM_BUG_ON(intel_engine_is_virtual(engine));
 	GEM_BUG_ON(i915_request_timeline(rq) != engine->kernel_context->timeline);
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drv.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drv.h
index 0781b6326b8c..95db8017f138 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drv.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drv.h
@@ -955,9 +955,6 @@ struct drm_i915_private {
 
 	struct pci_dev *bridge_dev;
 
-	/* Context used internally to idle the GPU and setup initial state */
-	struct i915_gem_context *kernel_context;
-
 	struct intel_engine_cs *engine[I915_NUM_ENGINES];
 	struct rb_root uabi_engines;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c
index 6e7010089e23..8f4a3832ee85 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c
@@ -1123,8 +1123,7 @@ static int __intel_engines_record_defaults(struct intel_gt *gt)
 		GEM_BUG_ON(!engine->kernel_context);
 		engine->serial++; /* force the kernel context switch */
 
-		ce = intel_context_create(engine->kernel_context->gem_context,
-					  engine);
+		ce = intel_context_create(engine);
 		if (IS_ERR(ce)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(ce);
 			goto out;
@@ -1174,6 +1173,7 @@ err_rq:
 			continue;
 
 		/* Serialise with retirement on another CPU */
+		GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_request_completed(rq));
 		err = __intel_context_flush_retire(rq->context);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
@@ -1284,6 +1284,7 @@ int i915_gem_init(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
 	}
 
 	intel_gt_init(&dev_priv->gt);
+	i915_gem_init__contexts(dev_priv);
 
 	ret = intel_engines_setup(&dev_priv->gt);
 	if (ret) {
@@ -1291,16 +1292,10 @@ int i915_gem_init(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
 		goto err_unlock;
 	}
 
-	ret = i915_gem_init_contexts(dev_priv);
-	if (ret) {
-		GEM_BUG_ON(ret == -EIO);
-		goto err_scratch;
-	}
-
 	ret = intel_engines_init(&dev_priv->gt);
 	if (ret) {
 		GEM_BUG_ON(ret == -EIO);
-		goto err_context;
+		goto err_scratch;
 	}
 
 	intel_uc_init(&dev_priv->gt.uc);
@@ -1364,9 +1359,6 @@ err_uc_init:
 		intel_uc_fini(&dev_priv->gt.uc);
 		intel_engines_cleanup(&dev_priv->gt);
 	}
-err_context:
-	if (ret != -EIO)
-		i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(dev_priv);
 err_scratch:
 	intel_gt_driver_release(&dev_priv->gt);
 err_unlock:
@@ -1431,7 +1423,6 @@ void i915_gem_driver_remove(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
 void i915_gem_driver_release(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
 {
 	intel_engines_cleanup(&dev_priv->gt);
-	i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(dev_priv);
 	intel_gt_driver_release(&dev_priv->gt);
 
 	intel_wa_list_free(&dev_priv->gt_wa_list);
@@ -1439,6 +1430,8 @@ void i915_gem_driver_release(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
 	intel_uc_cleanup_firmwares(&dev_priv->gt.uc);
 	i915_gem_cleanup_userptr(dev_priv);
 
+	i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(dev_priv);
+
 	i915_gem_drain_freed_objects(dev_priv);
 
 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev_priv->gem.contexts.list));
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_gtt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_gtt.c
index d9a2f58a620a..2ad2fc5efdbf 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_gtt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_gtt.c
@@ -1375,12 +1375,8 @@ static int gen8_init_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
 	 * If everybody agrees to not to write into the scratch page,
 	 * we can reuse it for all vm, keeping contexts and processes separate.
 	 */
-	if (vm->has_read_only &&
-	    vm->i915->kernel_context &&
-	    vm->i915->kernel_context->vm) {
-		struct i915_address_space *clone =
-			rcu_dereference_protected(vm->i915->kernel_context->vm,
-						  true); /* static */
+	if (vm->has_read_only && vm->gt->vm && !i915_is_ggtt(vm->gt->vm)) {
+		struct i915_address_space *clone = vm->gt->vm;
 
 		GEM_BUG_ON(!clone->has_read_only);
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_perf.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_perf.c
index 9d4733927a2c..84350c7bc711 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_perf.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_perf.c
@@ -2323,9 +2323,6 @@ static int oa_configure_all_contexts(struct i915_perf_stream *stream,
 	 */
 	spin_lock(&i915->gem.contexts.lock);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(ctx, cn, &i915->gem.contexts.list, link) {
-		if (ctx == i915->kernel_context)
-			continue;
-
 		if (!kref_get_unless_zero(&ctx->ref))
 			continue;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_request.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_request.c
index ed70d8dcea74..14a5a99284fa 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_request.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_request.c
@@ -1301,8 +1301,8 @@ void __i915_request_queue(struct i915_request *rq,
 
 void i915_request_add(struct i915_request *rq)
 {
-	struct i915_sched_attr attr = rq->context->gem_context->sched;
 	struct intel_timeline * const tl = i915_request_timeline(rq);
+	struct i915_sched_attr attr = {};
 	struct i915_request *prev;
 
 	lockdep_assert_held(&tl->mutex);
@@ -1312,6 +1312,9 @@ void i915_request_add(struct i915_request *rq)
 
 	prev = __i915_request_commit(rq);
 
+	if (rq->context->gem_context)
+		attr = rq->context->gem_context->sched;
+
 	/*
 	 * Boost actual workloads past semaphores!
 	 *
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_vma.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_vma.c
index c5330f36687d..f3ac837ba3b3 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_vma.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_vma.c
@@ -1245,6 +1245,9 @@ int i915_vma_unbind(struct i915_vma *vma)
 	struct i915_address_space *vm = vma->vm;
 	int err;
 
+	if (!drm_mm_node_allocated(&vma->node))
+		return 0;
+
 	err = mutex_lock_interruptible(&vm->mutex);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/i915_request.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/i915_request.c
index 71a4ca38fbac..f89d9c42f1fa 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/i915_request.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/i915_request.c
@@ -749,10 +749,8 @@ out_batch:
 
 static struct i915_vma *recursive_batch(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
 {
-	struct i915_gem_context *ctx = i915->kernel_context;
 	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj;
 	const int gen = INTEL_GEN(i915);
-	struct i915_address_space *vm;
 	struct i915_vma *vma;
 	u32 *cmd;
 	int err;
@@ -761,9 +759,7 @@ static struct i915_vma *recursive_batch(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
 	if (IS_ERR(obj))
 		return ERR_CAST(obj);
 
-	vm = i915_gem_context_get_vm_rcu(ctx);
-	vma = i915_vma_instance(obj, vm, NULL);
-	i915_vm_put(vm);
+	vma = i915_vma_instance(obj, i915->gt.vm, NULL);
 	if (IS_ERR(vma)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(vma);
 		goto err;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/mock_gem_device.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/mock_gem_device.c
index d14ba8498f57..a5e46a4739f9 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/mock_gem_device.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/selftests/mock_gem_device.c
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ static void mock_device_release(struct drm_device *dev)
 
 	for_each_engine(engine, &i915->gt, id)
 		mock_engine_free(engine);
-	i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(i915);
 
 	drain_workqueue(i915->wq);
 	i915_gem_drain_freed_objects(i915);
@@ -180,6 +179,7 @@ struct drm_i915_private *mock_gem_device(void)
 	mock_init_contexts(i915);
 
 	mock_init_ggtt(i915, &i915->ggtt);
+	i915->gt.vm = i915_vm_get(&i915->ggtt.vm);
 
 	mkwrite_device_info(i915)->engine_mask = BIT(0);
 
@@ -187,10 +187,6 @@ struct drm_i915_private *mock_gem_device(void)
 	if (!i915->engine[RCS0])
 		goto err_unlock;
 
-	i915->kernel_context = mock_context(i915, NULL);
-	if (!i915->kernel_context)
-		goto err_engine;
-
 	if (mock_engine_init(i915->engine[RCS0]))
 		goto err_context;
 
@@ -199,8 +195,6 @@ struct drm_i915_private *mock_gem_device(void)
 	return i915;
 
 err_context:
-	i915_gem_driver_release__contexts(i915);
-err_engine:
 	mock_engine_free(i915->engine[RCS0]);
 err_unlock:
 	destroy_workqueue(i915->wq);