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bpf: introduce bounded loops

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Allow the verifier to validate the loops by simulating their execution.
Exisiting programs have used '#pragma unroll' to unroll the loops
by the compiler. Instead let the verifier simulate all iterations
of the loop.
In order to do that introduce parentage chain of bpf_verifier_state and
'branches' counter for the number of branches left to explore.
See more detailed algorithm description in bpf_verifier.h

This algorithm borrows the key idea from Edward Cree approach:
https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/877222/
Additional state pruning heuristics make such brute force loop walk
practical even for large loops.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
This commit is contained in:
Alexei Starovoitov 2019-06-15 12:12:20 -07:00 • committed by Daniel Borkmann
parent fb8d251ee2
commit 2589726d12
2 changed files with 181 additions and 13 deletions
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51
include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
View file

@ -194,6 +194,53 @@ struct bpf_func_state {
struct bpf_verifier_state {
/* call stack tracking */
struct bpf_func_state *frame[MAX_CALL_FRAMES];
struct bpf_verifier_state *parent;
/*
* 'branches' field is the number of branches left to explore:
* 0 - all possible paths from this state reached bpf_exit or
* were safely pruned
* 1 - at least one path is being explored.
* This state hasn't reached bpf_exit
* 2 - at least two paths are being explored.
* This state is an immediate parent of two children.
* One is fallthrough branch with branches==1 and another
* state is pushed into stack (to be explored later) also with
* branches==1. The parent of this state has branches==1.
* The verifier state tree connected via 'parent' pointer looks like:
* 1
* 1
* 2 -> 1 (first 'if' pushed into stack)
* 1
* 2 -> 1 (second 'if' pushed into stack)
* 1
* 1
* 1 bpf_exit.
*
* Once do_check() reaches bpf_exit, it calls update_branch_counts()
* and the verifier state tree will look:
* 1
* 1
* 2 -> 1 (first 'if' pushed into stack)
* 1
* 1 -> 1 (second 'if' pushed into stack)
* 0
* 0
* 0 bpf_exit.
* After pop_stack() the do_check() will resume at second 'if'.
*
* If is_state_visited() sees a state with branches > 0 it means
* there is a loop. If such state is exactly equal to the current state
* it's an infinite loop. Note states_equal() checks for states
* equvalency, so two states being 'states_equal' does not mean
* infinite loop. The exact comparison is provided by
* states_maybe_looping() function. It's a stronger pre-check and
* much faster than states_equal().
*
* This algorithm may not find all possible infinite loops or
* loop iteration count may be too high.
* In such cases BPF_COMPLEXITY_LIMIT_INSNS limit kicks in.
*/
u32 branches;
u32 insn_idx;
u32 curframe;
u32 active_spin_lock;
@ -312,7 +359,9 @@ struct bpf_verifier_env {
} cfg;
u32 subprog_cnt;
/* number of instructions analyzed by the verifier */
u32 insn_processed;
u32 prev_insn_processed, insn_processed;
/* number of jmps, calls, exits analyzed so far */
u32 prev_jmps_processed, jmps_processed;
/* total verification time */
u64 verification_time;
/* maximum number of verifier states kept in 'branching' instructions */