md: set MD_CHANGE_PENDING in a atomic region

Some code waits for a metadata update by:

1. flagging that it is needed (MD_CHANGE_DEVS or MD_CHANGE_CLEAN)
2. setting MD_CHANGE_PENDING and waking the management thread
3. waiting for MD_CHANGE_PENDING to be cleared

If the first two are done without locking, the code in md_update_sb()
which checks if it needs to repeat might test if an update is needed
before step 1, then clear MD_CHANGE_PENDING after step 2, resulting
in the wait returning early.

So make sure all places that set MD_CHANGE_PENDING are atomicial, and
bit_clear_unless (suggested by Neil) is introduced for the purpose.

Cc: Martin Kepplinger <martink@posteo.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Guoqing Jiang <gqjiang@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>

include/linux/bitops.h

@@ -227,6 +227,22 @@ static inline unsigned long __ffs64(u64 word)
 })
 #endif
 
+#ifndef bit_clear_unless
+#define bit_clear_unless(ptr, _clear, _test)	\
+({								\
+	const typeof(*ptr) clear = (_clear), test = (_test);	\
+	typeof(*ptr) old, new;					\
+								\
+	do {							\
+		old = ACCESS_ONCE(*ptr);			\
+		new = old & ~clear;				\
+	} while (!(old & test) &&				\
+		 cmpxchg(ptr, old, new) != old);		\
+								\
+	!(old & test);						\
+})
+#endif
+
 #ifndef find_last_bit
 /**
  * find_last_bit - find the last set bit in a memory region