bpf: Introduce SK_LOOKUP program type with a dedicated attach point

Add a new program type BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP with a dedicated attach type
BPF_SK_LOOKUP. The new program kind is to be invoked by the transport layer
when looking up a listening socket for a new connection request for
connection oriented protocols, or when looking up an unconnected socket for
a packet for connection-less protocols.

When called, SK_LOOKUP BPF program can select a socket that will receive
the packet. This serves as a mechanism to overcome the limits of what
bind() API allows to express. Two use-cases driving this work are:

 (1) steer packets destined to an IP range, on fixed port to a socket

     192.0.2.0/24, port 80 -> NGINX socket

 (2) steer packets destined to an IP address, on any port to a socket

     198.51.100.1, any port -> L7 proxy socket

In its run-time context program receives information about the packet that
triggered the socket lookup. Namely IP version, L4 protocol identifier, and
address 4-tuple. Context can be further extended to include ingress
interface identifier.

To select a socket BPF program fetches it from a map holding socket
references, like SOCKMAP or SOCKHASH, and calls bpf_sk_assign(ctx, sk, ...)
helper to record the selection. Transport layer then uses the selected
socket as a result of socket lookup.

In its basic form, SK_LOOKUP acts as a filter and hence must return either
SK_PASS or SK_DROP. If the program returns with SK_PASS, transport should
look for a socket to receive the packet, or use the one selected by the
program if available, while SK_DROP informs the transport layer that the
lookup should fail.

This patch only enables the user to attach an SK_LOOKUP program to a
network namespace. Subsequent patches hook it up to run on local delivery
path in ipv4 and ipv6 stacks.

Suggested-by: Marek Majkowski <marek@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200717103536.397595-3-jakub@cloudflare.com

include/linux/bpf-netns.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 enum netns_bpf_attach_type {
 	NETNS_BPF_INVALID = -1,
 	NETNS_BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR = 0,
+	NETNS_BPF_SK_LOOKUP,
 	MAX_NETNS_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
 };
 
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ to_netns_bpf_attach_type(enum bpf_attach_type attach_type)
 	switch (attach_type) {
 	case BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR:
 		return NETNS_BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR;
+	case BPF_SK_LOOKUP:
+		return NETNS_BPF_SK_LOOKUP;
 	default:
 		return NETNS_BPF_INVALID;
 	}