Merge branch 'v5-development' of https://gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5 into v5-development

.gitignore

@@ -23,4 +23,6 @@ _testmain.go
 *.test
 *.prof
 *.test
-*.out
+*.out
+cover.html
+README.html

.travis.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,14 @@ notificaitons:
     on_failure: always
 
 go:
-  - 1.2
   - 1.3
   - 1.4
-  - tip
+  - tip
+
+script:
+  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
+  - go get github.com/mattn/goveralls
+  - go test -v -covermode=count -coverprofile=cover.out
+
+after_success:
+  - goveralls -coverprofile=cover.out -service=travis-ci -repotoken I6M8FiXZzErImgwMotJ7fwFlHOX8Hqdq1

README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
 Package validator
 ================
+
+[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/bluesuncorp/validator](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/bluesuncorp/validator?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bluesuncorp/validator.svg?branch=v5.1)](https://travis-ci.org/bluesuncorp/validator)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/bluesuncorp/validator/badge.svg?branch=v5)](https://coveralls.io/r/bluesuncorp/validator?branch=v5)
 [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5)
 
 Package validator implements value validations for structs and individual fields based on tags.
-It is also capable of Cross Field and Cross Struct validations.
+
+It has the following **unique** features:
+
+-   Cross Field and Cross Struct validations.  
+-   Slice, Array and Map diving, which allows any or all levels of a multidimensional field to be validated.  
+-   Handles type interface by determining it's underlying type prior to validation.  
 
 Installation
-============
+------------
 
 Use go get.
 
-	go get -u gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5
+	go get gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5
 
 or to update
 
@@ -22,12 +30,114 @@ Then import the validator package into your own code.
 	import "gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5"
 
 Usage and documentation
-=======================
+------
 
 Please see http://godoc.org/gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5 for detailed usage docs.
 
+##### Example:
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5"
+)
+
+// User contains user information
+type User struct {
+	FirstName      string     `validate:"required"`
+	LastName       string     `validate:"required"`
+	Age            uint8      `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"`
+	Email          string     `validate:"required,email"`
+	FavouriteColor string     `validate:"hexcolor|rgb|rgba"`
+	Addresses      []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage...
+}
+
+// Address houses a users address information
+type Address struct {
+	Street string `validate:"required"`
+	City   string `validate:"required"`
+	Planet string `validate:"required"`
+	Phone  string `validate:"required"`
+}
+
+var validate *validator.Validate
+
+func main() {
+
+	validate = validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+
+	address := &Address{
+		Street: "Eavesdown Docks",
+		Planet: "Persphone",
+		Phone:  "none",
+	}
+
+	user := &User{
+		FirstName:      "Badger",
+		LastName:       "Smith",
+		Age:            135,
+		Email:          "Badger.Smith@gmail.com",
+		FavouriteColor: "#000",
+		Addresses:      []*Address{address},
+	}
+
+	// returns nil or *StructErrors
+	errs := validate.Struct(user)
+
+	if errs != nil {
+
+		// err will be of type *FieldError
+		err := errs.Errors["Age"]
+		fmt.Println(err.Error()) // output: Field validation for "Age" failed on the "lte" tag
+		fmt.Println(err.Field)   // output: Age
+		fmt.Println(err.Tag)     // output: lte
+		fmt.Println(err.Kind)    // output: uint8
+		fmt.Println(err.Type)    // output: uint8
+		fmt.Println(err.Param)   // output: 130
+		fmt.Println(err.Value)   // output: 135
+
+		// or if you prefer you can use the Flatten function
+		// NOTE: I find this usefull when using a more hard static approach of checking field errors.
+		// The above, is best for passing to some generic code to say parse the errors. i.e. I pass errs
+		// to a routine which loops through the errors, creates and translates the error message into the
+		// users locale and returns a map of map[string]string // field and error which I then use
+		// within the HTML rendering.
+
+		flat := errs.Flatten()
+		fmt.Println(flat) // output: map[Age:Field validation for "Age" failed on the "lte" tag Addresses[0].Address.City:Field validation for "City" failed on the "required" tag]
+		err = flat["Addresses[0].Address.City"]
+		fmt.Println(err.Field) // output: City
+		fmt.Println(err.Tag)   // output: required
+		fmt.Println(err.Kind)  // output: string
+		fmt.Println(err.Type)  // output: string
+		fmt.Println(err.Param) // output:
+		fmt.Println(err.Value) // output:
+
+		// from here you can create your own error messages in whatever language you wish
+		return
+	}
+
+	// save user to database
+}
+```
+
+Benchmarks
+------
+###### Run on MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013) 2.6 GHz Intel Core i7 16 GB 1600 MHz DDR3
+```go
+$ go test -cpu=4 -bench=. -benchmem=true
+PASS
+BenchmarkValidateField-4	 		 3000000	       429 ns/op	     192 B/op	       2 allocs/op
+BenchmarkValidateStructSimple-4	  	  500000	      2877 ns/op	     657 B/op	      10 allocs/op
+BenchmarkTemplateParallelSimple-4	  500000	      3097 ns/op	     657 B/op	      10 allocs/op
+BenchmarkValidateStructLarge-4	  	  100000	     15228 ns/op	    4350 B/op	      62 allocs/op
+BenchmarkTemplateParallelLarge-4	  100000	     14257 ns/op	    4354 B/op	      62 allocs/op
+```
+
 How to Contribute
-=================
+------
 
 There will always be a development branch for each version i.e. `v1-development`. In order to contribute, 
 please make your pull requests against those branches.
@@ -40,5 +150,5 @@ I strongly encourage everyone whom creates a custom validation function to contr
 help make this package even better.
 
 License
-=======
+------
 Distributed under MIT License, please see license file in code for more details.

baked_in.go

@@ -50,6 +50,141 @@ var BakedInValidators = map[string]Func{
 	"excludes":     excludes,
 	"excludesall":  excludesAll,
 	"excludesrune": excludesRune,
+	"isbn":         isISBN,
+	"isbn10":       isISBN10,
+	"isbn13":       isISBN13,
+	"uuid":         isUUID,
+	"uuid3":        isUUID3,
+	"uuid4":        isUUID4,
+	"uuid5":        isUUID5,
+	"ascii":        isASCII,
+	"printascii":   isPrintableASCII,
+	"multibyte":    hasMultiByteCharacter,
+	"datauri":      isDataURI,
+	"latitude":     isLatitude,
+	"longitude":    isLongitude,
+	"ssn":          isSSN,
+}
+
+func isSSN(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+
+	if len(field.(string)) != 11 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return matchesRegex(sSNRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isLongitude(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(longitudeRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isLatitude(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(latitudeRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isDataURI(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+
+	uri := strings.SplitN(field.(string), ",", 2)
+
+	if len(uri) != 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !matchesRegex(dataURIRegex, uri[0]) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return isBase64(top, current, uri[1], param)
+}
+
+func hasMultiByteCharacter(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+
+	if len(field.(string)) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return matchesRegex(multibyteRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isPrintableASCII(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(printableASCIIRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isASCII(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(aSCIIRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isUUID5(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(uUID5Regex, field)
+}
+
+func isUUID4(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(uUID4Regex, field)
+}
+
+func isUUID3(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(uUID3Regex, field)
+}
+
+func isUUID(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return matchesRegex(uUIDRegex, field)
+}
+
+func isISBN(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+	return isISBN10(top, current, field, param) || isISBN13(top, current, field, param)
+}
+
+func isISBN13(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+
+	s := strings.Replace(strings.Replace(field.(string), "-", "", 4), " ", "", 4)
+
+	if !matchesRegex(iSBN13Regex, s) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var checksum int32
+	var i int32
+
+	factor := []int32{1, 3}
+
+	for i = 0; i < 12; i++ {
+		checksum += factor[i%2] * int32(s[i]-'0')
+	}
+
+	if (int32(s[12]-'0'))-((10-(checksum%10))%10) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func isISBN10(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+
+	s := strings.Replace(strings.Replace(field.(string), "-", "", 3), " ", "", 3)
+
+	if !matchesRegex(iSBN10Regex, s) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var checksum int32
+	var i int32
+
+	for i = 0; i < 9; i++ {
+		checksum += (i + 1) * int32(s[i]-'0')
+	}
+
+	if s[9] == 'X' {
+		checksum += 10 * 10
+	} else {
+		checksum += 10 * int32(s[9]-'0')
+	}
+
+	if checksum%11 == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
 }
 
 func excludesRune(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {

benchmarks_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package validator
+
+import "testing"
+
+func BenchmarkValidateField(b *testing.B) {
+	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
+		validate.Field("1", "len=1")
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkValidateStructSimple(b *testing.B) {
+
+	type Foo struct {
+		StringValue string `validate:"min=5,max=10"`
+		IntValue    int    `validate:"min=5,max=10"`
+	}
+
+	validFoo := &Foo{StringValue: "Foobar", IntValue: 7}
+	invalidFoo := &Foo{StringValue: "Fo", IntValue: 3}
+
+	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
+		validate.Struct(validFoo)
+		validate.Struct(invalidFoo)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkTemplateParallelSimple(b *testing.B) {
+
+	type Foo struct {
+		StringValue string `validate:"min=5,max=10"`
+		IntValue    int    `validate:"min=5,max=10"`
+	}
+
+	validFoo := &Foo{StringValue: "Foobar", IntValue: 7}
+	invalidFoo := &Foo{StringValue: "Fo", IntValue: 3}
+
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			validate.Struct(validFoo)
+			validate.Struct(invalidFoo)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkValidateStructLarge(b *testing.B) {
+
+	tFail := &TestString{
+		Required:  "",
+		Len:       "",
+		Min:       "",
+		Max:       "12345678901",
+		MinMax:    "",
+		Lt:        "0123456789",
+		Lte:       "01234567890",
+		Gt:        "1",
+		Gte:       "1",
+		OmitEmpty: "12345678901",
+		Sub: &SubTest{
+			Test: "",
+		},
+		Anonymous: struct {
+			A string `validate:"required"`
+		}{
+			A: "",
+		},
+		Iface: &Impl{
+			F: "12",
+		},
+	}
+
+	tSuccess := &TestString{
+		Required:  "Required",
+		Len:       "length==10",
+		Min:       "min=1",
+		Max:       "1234567890",
+		MinMax:    "12345",
+		Lt:        "012345678",
+		Lte:       "0123456789",
+		Gt:        "01234567890",
+		Gte:       "0123456789",
+		OmitEmpty: "",
+		Sub: &SubTest{
+			Test: "1",
+		},
+		SubIgnore: &SubTest{
+			Test: "",
+		},
+		Anonymous: struct {
+			A string `validate:"required"`
+		}{
+			A: "1",
+		},
+		Iface: &Impl{
+			F: "123",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
+		validate.Struct(tSuccess)
+		validate.Struct(tFail)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkTemplateParallelLarge(b *testing.B) {
+
+	tFail := &TestString{
+		Required:  "",
+		Len:       "",
+		Min:       "",
+		Max:       "12345678901",
+		MinMax:    "",
+		Lt:        "0123456789",
+		Lte:       "01234567890",
+		Gt:        "1",
+		Gte:       "1",
+		OmitEmpty: "12345678901",
+		Sub: &SubTest{
+			Test: "",
+		},
+		Anonymous: struct {
+			A string `validate:"required"`
+		}{
+			A: "",
+		},
+		Iface: &Impl{
+			F: "12",
+		},
+	}
+
+	tSuccess := &TestString{
+		Required:  "Required",
+		Len:       "length==10",
+		Min:       "min=1",
+		Max:       "1234567890",
+		MinMax:    "12345",
+		Lt:        "012345678",
+		Lte:       "0123456789",
+		Gt:        "01234567890",
+		Gte:       "0123456789",
+		OmitEmpty: "",
+		Sub: &SubTest{
+			Test: "1",
+		},
+		SubIgnore: &SubTest{
+			Test: "",
+		},
+		Anonymous: struct {
+			A string `validate:"required"`
+		}{
+			A: "1",
+		},
+		Iface: &Impl{
+			F: "123",
+		},
+	}
+
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			validate.Struct(tSuccess)
+			validate.Struct(tFail)
+		}
+	})
+}

doc.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Validate
 
 A simple example usage:
 
-	type UserDetail {
+	type UserDetail struct {
 		Details string `validate:"-"`
 	}
 
@@ -143,6 +143,11 @@ NOTE: Baked In Cross field validation only compares fields on the same struct,
 if cross field + cross struct validation is needed your own custom validator
 should be implemented.
 
+NOTE2: comma is the default separator of validation tags, if you wish to have a comma
+included within the parameter i.e. excludesall=, you will need to use the UTF-8 hex
+representation 0x2C, which is replaced in the code as a comma, so the above will
+become excludesall=0x2C
+
 Here is a list of the current built in validators:
 
 	-
@@ -163,11 +168,30 @@ Here is a list of the current built in validators:
 		verify it has been assigned.
 
 	omitempty
-		Allows conitional validation, for example if a field is not set with
+		Allows conditional validation, for example if a field is not set with
 		a value (Determined by the required validator) then other validation
 		such as min or max won't run, but if a value is set validation will run.
 		(Usage: omitempty)
 
+	dive
+		This tells the validator to dive into a slice, array or map and validate that
+		level of the slice, array or map with the validation tags that follow.
+		Multidimensional nesting is also supported, each level you wish to dive will
+		require another dive tag. (Usage: dive)
+		Example: [][]string with validation tag "gt=0,dive,len=1,dive,required"
+		gt=0 will be applied to []
+		len=1 will be applied to []string
+		required will be applied to string
+		Example2: [][]string with validation tag "gt=0,dive,dive,required"
+		gt=0 will be applied to []
+		[]string will be spared validation
+		required will be applied to string
+		NOTE: in Example2 if the required validation failed, but all others passed
+		the hierarchy of FieldError's in the middle with have their IsPlaceHolder field
+		set to true. If a FieldError has IsSliceOrMap=true or IsMap=true then the
+		FieldError is a Slice or Map field and if IsPlaceHolder=true then contains errors
+		within its SliceOrArrayErrs or MapErrs fields.
+
 	required
 		This validates that the value is not the data types default value.
 		For numbers ensures value is not zero. For strings ensures value is
@@ -357,6 +381,66 @@ Here is a list of the current built in validators:
 		This validates that a string value does not contain the supplied rune value.
 		(Usage: excludesrune=@)
 
+	isbn
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid isbn10 or isbn13 value.
+		(Usage: isbn)
+
+	isbn10
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid isbn10 value.
+		(Usage: isbn10)
+
+	isbn13
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid isbn13 value.
+		(Usage: isbn13)
+
+	uuid
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid UUID.
+		(Usage: uuid)
+
+	uuid3
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid version 3 UUID.
+		(Usage: uuid3)
+
+	uuid4
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid version 4 UUID.
+		(Usage: uuid4)
+
+	uuid5
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid version 5 UUID.
+		(Usage: uuid5)
+
+	ascii
+		This validates that a string value contains only ASCII characters.
+		NOTE: if the string is blank, this validates as true.
+		(Usage: ascii)
+
+	asciiprint
+		This validates that a string value contains only printable ASCII characters.
+		NOTE: if the string is blank, this validates as true.
+		(Usage: asciiprint)
+
+	multibyte
+		This validates that a string value contains one or more multibyte characters.
+		NOTE: if the string is blank, this validates as true.
+		(Usage: multibyte)
+
+	datauri
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid DataURI.
+		NOTE: this will also validate that the data portion is valid base64
+		(Usage: datauri)
+
+	latitude
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid latitude.
+		(Usage: latitude)
+
+	longitude
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid longitude.
+		(Usage: longitude)
+
+	ssn
+		This validates that a string value contains a valid U.S. Social Security Number.
+		(Usage: ssn)
+
 Validator notes:
 
 	regex

examples/simple.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"gopkg.in/bluesuncorp/validator.v5"
+)
+
+// User contains user information
+type User struct {
+	FirstName      string     `validate:"required"`
+	LastName       string     `validate:"required"`
+	Age            uint8      `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"`
+	Email          string     `validate:"required,email"`
+	FavouriteColor string     `validate:"hexcolor|rgb|rgba"`
+	Addresses      []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage...
+}
+
+// Address houses a users address information
+type Address struct {
+	Street string `validate:"required"`
+	City   string `validate:"required"`
+	Planet string `validate:"required"`
+	Phone  string `validate:"required"`
+}
+
+var validate *validator.Validate
+
+func main() {
+
+	validate = validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+
+	address := &Address{
+		Street: "Eavesdown Docks",
+		Planet: "Persphone",
+		Phone:  "none",
+	}
+
+	user := &User{
+		FirstName:      "Badger",
+		LastName:       "Smith",
+		Age:            135,
+		Email:          "Badger.Smith@gmail.com",
+		FavouriteColor: "#000",
+		Addresses:      []*Address{address},
+	}
+
+	// returns nil or *StructErrors
+	errs := validate.Struct(user)
+
+	if errs != nil {
+
+		// err will be of type *FieldError
+		err := errs.Errors["Age"]
+		fmt.Println(err.Error()) // output: Field validation for "Age" failed on the "lte" tag
+		fmt.Println(err.Field)   // output: Age
+		fmt.Println(err.Tag)     // output: lte
+		fmt.Println(err.Kind)    // output: uint8
+		fmt.Println(err.Type)    // output: uint8
+		fmt.Println(err.Param)   // output: 130
+		fmt.Println(err.Value)   // output: 135
+
+		// or if you prefer you can use the Flatten function
+		// NOTE: I find this usefull when using a more hard static approach of checking field errors.
+		// The above, is best for passing to some generic code to say parse the errors. i.e. I pass errs
+		// to a routine which loops through the errors, creates and translates the error message into the
+		// users locale and returns a map of map[string]string // field and error which I then use
+		// within the HTML rendering.
+
+		flat := errs.Flatten()
+		fmt.Println(flat) // output: map[Age:Field validation for "Age" failed on the "lte" tag Addresses[0].Address.City:Field validation for "City" failed on the "required" tag]
+		err = flat["Addresses[0].Address.City"]
+		fmt.Println(err.Field) // output: City
+		fmt.Println(err.Tag)   // output: required
+		fmt.Println(err.Kind)  // output: string
+		fmt.Println(err.Type)  // output: string
+		fmt.Println(err.Param) // output:
+		fmt.Println(err.Value) // output:
+
+		// from here you can create your own error messages in whatever language you wish
+		return
+	}
+
+	// save user to database
+}

examples_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package validator_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"../validator"
+)
+
+func ExampleValidate_new() {
+	validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+}
+
+func ExampleValidate_addFunction() {
+	// This should be stored somewhere globally
+	var validate *validator.Validate
+
+	validate = validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+
+	fn := func(top interface{}, current interface{}, field interface{}, param string) bool {
+		return field.(string) == "hello"
+	}
+
+	validate.AddFunction("valueishello", fn)
+
+	message := "hello"
+	err := validate.Field(message, "valueishello")
+	fmt.Println(err)
+	//Output:
+	//<nil>
+}
+
+func ExampleValidate_field() {
+	// This should be stored somewhere globally
+	var validate *validator.Validate
+
+	validate = validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+
+	i := 0
+	err := validate.Field(i, "gt=1,lte=10")
+	fmt.Println(err.Field)
+	fmt.Println(err.Tag)
+	fmt.Println(err.Kind) // NOTE: Kind and Type can be different i.e. time Kind=struct and Type=time.Time
+	fmt.Println(err.Type)
+	fmt.Println(err.Param)
+	fmt.Println(err.Value)
+	//Output:
+	//
+	//gt
+	//int
+	//int
+	//1
+	//0
+}
+
+func ExampleValidate_struct() {
+	// This should be stored somewhere globally
+	var validate *validator.Validate
+
+	validate = validator.New("validate", validator.BakedInValidators)
+
+	type ContactInformation struct {
+		Phone  string `validate:"required"`
+		Street string `validate:"required"`
+		City   string `validate:"required"`
+	}
+
+	type User struct {
+		Name               string `validate:"required,excludesall=!@#$%^&*()_+-=:;?/0x2C"` // 0x2C = comma (,)
+		Age                int8   `validate:"required,gt=0,lt=150"`
+		Email              string `validate:"email"`
+		ContactInformation []*ContactInformation
+	}
+
+	contactInfo := &ContactInformation{
+		Street: "26 Here Blvd.",
+		City:   "Paradeso",
+	}
+
+	user := &User{
+		Name:               "Joey Bloggs",
+		Age:                31,
+		Email:              "joeybloggs@gmail.com",
+		ContactInformation: []*ContactInformation{contactInfo},
+	}
+
+	structError := validate.Struct(user)
+	for _, fieldError := range structError.Errors {
+		fmt.Println(fieldError.Field) // Phone
+		fmt.Println(fieldError.Tag)   // required
+		//... and so forth
+		//Output:
+		//Phone
+		//required
+	}
+}

regexes.go

@@ -3,33 +3,59 @@ package validator
 import "regexp"
 
 const (
-	alphaRegexString        = "^[a-zA-Z]+$"
-	alphaNumericRegexString = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
-	numericRegexString      = "^[-+]?[0-9]+(?:\\.[0-9]+)?$"
-	numberRegexString       = "^[0-9]+$"
-	hexadecimalRegexString  = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+$"
-	hexcolorRegexString     = "^#(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{3}|[0-9a-fA-F]{6})$"
-	rgbRegexString          = "^rgb\\(\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*\\)$"
-	rgbaRegexString         = "^rgba\\(\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*((0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
-	hslRegexString          = "^hsl\\(\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*((0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*((0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*\\)$"
-	hslaRegexString         = "^hsla\\(\\s*(0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*((0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*((0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*((0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
-	emailRegexString        = "^(((([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+(\\.([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+)*)|((\\x22)((((\\x20|\\x09)*(\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(([\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x7f]|\\x21|[\\x23-\\x5b]|[\\x5d-\\x7e]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(\\([\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0d-\\x7f]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}]))))*(((\\x20|\\x09)*(\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(\\x22)))@((([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])([a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.)+(([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])([a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*([a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.?$"
-	base64RegexString       = "(?:^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4}\\n?)*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{3}=)$)"
+	alphaRegexString          = "^[a-zA-Z]+$"
+	alphaNumericRegexString   = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
+	numericRegexString        = "^[-+]?[0-9]+(?:\\.[0-9]+)?$"
+	numberRegexString         = "^[0-9]+$"
+	hexadecimalRegexString    = "^[0-9a-fA-F]+$"
+	hexcolorRegexString       = "^#(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{3}|[0-9a-fA-F]{6})$"
+	rgbRegexString            = "^rgb\\(\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])|(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%)\\s*\\)$"
+	rgbaRegexString           = "^rgba\\(\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])|(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
+	hslRegexString            = "^hsl\\(\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*\\)$"
+	hslaRegexString           = "^hsla\\(\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
+	emailRegexString          = "^(?:(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+(?:\\.([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+)*)|(?:(?:\\x22)(?:(?:(?:(?:\\x20|\\x09)*(?:\\x0d\\x0a))?(?:\\x20|\\x09)+)?(?:(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x7f]|\\x21|[\\x23-\\x5b]|[\\x5d-\\x7e]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:\\(?:[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0d-\\x7f]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}]))))*(?:(?:(?:\\x20|\\x09)*(?:\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(?:\\x22)))@(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.)+(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|_|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.?$"
+	base64RegexString         = "^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})$"
+	iSBN10RegexString         = "^(?:[0-9]{9}X|[0-9]{10})$"
+	iSBN13RegexString         = "^(?:(?:97(?:8|9))[0-9]{10})$"
+	uUID3RegexString          = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-3[0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUID4RegexString          = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-4[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUID5RegexString          = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-5[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUIDRegexString           = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	aSCIIRegexString          = "^[\x00-\x7F]*$"
+	printableASCIIRegexString = "^[\x20-\x7E]*$"
+	multibyteRegexString      = "[^\x00-\x7F]"
+	dataURIRegexString        = "^data:.+\\/(.+);base64$"
+	latitudeRegexString       = "^[-+]?([1-8]?\\d(\\.\\d+)?|90(\\.0+)?)$"
+	longitudeRegexString      = "^[-+]?(180(\\.0+)?|((1[0-7]\\d)|([1-9]?\\d))(\\.\\d+)?)$"
+	sSNRegexString            = `^\d{3}[- ]?\d{2}[- ]?\d{4}$`
 )
 
 var (
-	alphaRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(alphaRegexString)
-	alphaNumericRegex = regexp.MustCompile(alphaNumericRegexString)
-	numericRegex      = regexp.MustCompile(numericRegexString)
-	numberRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(numberRegexString)
-	hexadecimalRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(hexadecimalRegexString)
-	hexcolorRegex     = regexp.MustCompile(hexcolorRegexString)
-	rgbRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(rgbRegexString)
-	rgbaRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(rgbaRegexString)
-	hslRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(hslRegexString)
-	hslaRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(hslaRegexString)
-	emailRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(emailRegexString)
-	base64Regex       = regexp.MustCompile(base64RegexString)
+	alphaRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(alphaRegexString)
+	alphaNumericRegex   = regexp.MustCompile(alphaNumericRegexString)
+	numericRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(numericRegexString)
+	numberRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(numberRegexString)
+	hexadecimalRegex    = regexp.MustCompile(hexadecimalRegexString)
+	hexcolorRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(hexcolorRegexString)
+	rgbRegex            = regexp.MustCompile(rgbRegexString)
+	rgbaRegex           = regexp.MustCompile(rgbaRegexString)
+	hslRegex            = regexp.MustCompile(hslRegexString)
+	hslaRegex           = regexp.MustCompile(hslaRegexString)
+	emailRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(emailRegexString)
+	base64Regex         = regexp.MustCompile(base64RegexString)
+	iSBN10Regex         = regexp.MustCompile(iSBN10RegexString)
+	iSBN13Regex         = regexp.MustCompile(iSBN13RegexString)
+	uUID3Regex          = regexp.MustCompile(uUID3RegexString)
+	uUID4Regex          = regexp.MustCompile(uUID4RegexString)
+	uUID5Regex          = regexp.MustCompile(uUID5RegexString)
+	uUIDRegex           = regexp.MustCompile(uUIDRegexString)
+	aSCIIRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(aSCIIRegexString)
+	printableASCIIRegex = regexp.MustCompile(printableASCIIRegexString)
+	multibyteRegex      = regexp.MustCompile(multibyteRegexString)
+	dataURIRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(dataURIRegexString)
+	latitudeRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(latitudeRegexString)
+	longitudeRegex      = regexp.MustCompile(longitudeRegexString)
+	sSNRegex            = regexp.MustCompile(sSNRegexString)
 )
 
 func matchesRegex(regex *regexp.Regexp, field interface{}) bool {

validator.go

@@ -14,38 +14,230 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
 )
 
 const (
-	tagSeparator    = ","
-	orSeparator     = "|"
-	noValidationTag = "-"
-	tagKeySeparator = "="
-	structOnlyTag   = "structonly"
-	omitempty       = "omitempty"
-	fieldErrMsg     = "Field validation for \"%s\" failed on the \"%s\" tag"
-	structErrMsg    = "Struct:%s\n"
+	utf8HexComma        = "0x2C"
+	tagSeparator        = ","
+	orSeparator         = "|"
+	noValidationTag     = "-"
+	tagKeySeparator     = "="
+	structOnlyTag       = "structonly"
+	omitempty           = "omitempty"
+	required            = "required"
+	fieldErrMsg         = "Field validation for \"%s\" failed on the \"%s\" tag"
+	sliceErrMsg         = "Field validation for \"%s\" failed at index \"%d\" with error(s): %s"
+	mapErrMsg           = "Field validation for \"%s\" failed on key \"%v\" with error(s): %s"
+	structErrMsg        = "Struct:%s\n"
+	diveTag             = "dive"
+	arrayIndexFieldName = "%s[%d]"
+	mapIndexFieldName   = "%s[%v]"
 )
 
+var structPool *sync.Pool
+
+// returns new *StructErrors to the pool
+func newStructErrors() interface{} {
+	return &StructErrors{
+		Errors:       map[string]*FieldError{},
+		StructErrors: map[string]*StructErrors{},
+	}
+}
+
+type cachedTags struct {
+	keyVals [][]string
+	isOrVal bool
+}
+
+type cachedField struct {
+	index          int
+	name           string
+	tags           []*cachedTags
+	tag            string
+	kind           reflect.Kind
+	typ            reflect.Type
+	isTime         bool
+	isSliceOrArray bool
+	isMap          bool
+	isTimeSubtype  bool
+	sliceSubtype   reflect.Type
+	mapSubtype     reflect.Type
+	sliceSubKind   reflect.Kind
+	mapSubKind     reflect.Kind
+	dive           bool
+	diveTag        string
+}
+
+type cachedStruct struct {
+	children int
+	name     string
+	kind     reflect.Kind
+	fields   []*cachedField
+}
+
+type structsCacheMap struct {
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+	m    map[reflect.Type]*cachedStruct
+}
+
+func (s *structsCacheMap) Get(key reflect.Type) (*cachedStruct, bool) {
+	s.lock.RLock()
+	defer s.lock.RUnlock()
+	value, ok := s.m[key]
+	return value, ok
+}
+
+func (s *structsCacheMap) Set(key reflect.Type, value *cachedStruct) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+	s.m[key] = value
+}
+
+var structCache = &structsCacheMap{m: map[reflect.Type]*cachedStruct{}}
+
+type fieldsCacheMap struct {
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+	m    map[string][]*cachedTags
+}
+
+func (s *fieldsCacheMap) Get(key string) ([]*cachedTags, bool) {
+	s.lock.RLock()
+	defer s.lock.RUnlock()
+	value, ok := s.m[key]
+	return value, ok
+}
+
+func (s *fieldsCacheMap) Set(key string, value []*cachedTags) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+	s.m[key] = value
+}
+
+var fieldsCache = &fieldsCacheMap{m: map[string][]*cachedTags{}}
+
 // FieldError contains a single field's validation error along
 // with other properties that may be needed for error message creation
 type FieldError struct {
-	Field string
-	Tag   string
-	Kind  reflect.Kind
-	Type  reflect.Type
-	Param string
-	Value interface{}
+	Field            string
+	Tag              string
+	Kind             reflect.Kind
+	Type             reflect.Type
+	Param            string
+	Value            interface{}
+	IsPlaceholderErr bool
+	IsSliceOrArray   bool
+	IsMap            bool
+	SliceOrArrayErrs map[int]error         // counld be FieldError, StructErrors
+	MapErrs          map[interface{}]error // counld be FieldError, StructErrors
 }
 
 // This is intended for use in development + debugging and not intended to be a production error message.
 // it also allows FieldError to be used as an Error interface
 func (e *FieldError) Error() string {
+
+	if e.IsPlaceholderErr {
+
+		buff := bytes.NewBufferString("")
+
+		if e.IsSliceOrArray {
+
+			for j, err := range e.SliceOrArrayErrs {
+				buff.WriteString("\n")
+				buff.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(sliceErrMsg, e.Field, j, "\n"+err.Error()))
+			}
+
+		} else if e.IsMap {
+
+			for key, err := range e.MapErrs {
+				buff.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(mapErrMsg, e.Field, key, "\n"+err.Error()))
+			}
+		}
+
+		return strings.TrimSpace(buff.String())
+	}
+
 	return fmt.Sprintf(fieldErrMsg, e.Field, e.Tag)
 }
 
+// Flatten flattens the FieldError hierarchical structure into a flat namespace style field name
+// for those that want/need it.
+// This is now needed because of the new dive functionality
+func (e *FieldError) Flatten() map[string]*FieldError {
+
+	errs := map[string]*FieldError{}
+
+	if e.IsPlaceholderErr {
+
+		if e.IsSliceOrArray {
+			for key, err := range e.SliceOrArrayErrs {
+
+				fe, ok := err.(*FieldError)
+
+				if ok {
+
+					if flat := fe.Flatten(); flat != nil && len(flat) > 0 {
+						for k, v := range flat {
+							if fe.IsPlaceholderErr {
+								errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]%s", key, k)] = v
+							} else {
+								errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", key)] = v
+							}
+
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+
+					se := err.(*StructErrors)
+
+					if flat := se.Flatten(); flat != nil && len(flat) > 0 {
+						for k, v := range flat {
+							errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v].%s.%s", key, se.Struct, k)] = v
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if e.IsMap {
+			for key, err := range e.MapErrs {
+
+				fe, ok := err.(*FieldError)
+
+				if ok {
+
+					if flat := fe.Flatten(); flat != nil && len(flat) > 0 {
+						for k, v := range flat {
+							if fe.IsPlaceholderErr {
+								errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]%s", key, k)] = v
+							} else {
+								errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", key)] = v
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+
+					se := err.(*StructErrors)
+
+					if flat := se.Flatten(); flat != nil && len(flat) > 0 {
+						for k, v := range flat {
+							errs[fmt.Sprintf("[%#v].%s.%s", key, se.Struct, k)] = v
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return errs
+	}
+
+	errs[e.Field] = e
+
+	return errs
+}
+
 // StructErrors is hierarchical list of field and struct validation errors
 // for a non hierarchical representation please see the Flatten method for StructErrors
 type StructErrors struct {
@@ -72,7 +264,7 @@ func (e *StructErrors) Error() string {
 		buff.WriteString(err.Error())
 	}
 
-	return buff.String()
+	return strings.TrimSpace(buff.String())
 }
 
 // Flatten flattens the StructErrors hierarchical structure into a flat namespace style field name
@@ -87,7 +279,17 @@ func (e *StructErrors) Flatten() map[string]*FieldError {
 
 	for _, f := range e.Errors {
 
-		errs[f.Field] = f
+		if flat := f.Flatten(); flat != nil && len(flat) > 0 {
+
+			for k, fe := range flat {
+
+				if f.IsPlaceholderErr {
+					errs[f.Field+k] = fe
+				} else {
+					errs[k] = fe
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	for key, val := range e.StructErrors {
@@ -124,6 +326,9 @@ type Validate struct {
 
 // New creates a new Validate instance for use.
 func New(tagName string, funcs map[string]Func) *Validate {
+
+	structPool = &sync.Pool{New: newStructErrors}
+
 	return &Validate{
 		tagName:         tagName,
 		validationFuncs: funcs,
@@ -132,12 +337,23 @@ func New(tagName string, funcs map[string]Func) *Validate {
 
 // SetTag sets tagName of the Validator to one of your choosing after creation
 // perhaps to dodge a tag name conflict in a specific section of code
+// NOTE: this method is not thread-safe
 func (v *Validate) SetTag(tagName string) {
 	v.tagName = tagName
 }
 
+// SetMaxStructPoolSize sets the  struct pools max size. this may be usefull for fine grained
+// performance tuning towards your application, however, the default should be fine for
+// nearly all cases. only increase if you have a deeply nested struct structure.
+// NOTE: this method is not thread-safe
+// NOTE: this is only here to keep compatibility with v5, in v6 the method will be removed
+func (v *Validate) SetMaxStructPoolSize(max int) {
+	structPool = &sync.Pool{New: newStructErrors}
+}
+
 // AddFunction adds a validation Func to a Validate's map of validators denoted by the key
 // NOTE: if the key already exists, it will get replaced.
+// NOTE: this method is not thread-safe
 func (v *Validate) AddFunction(key string, f Func) error {
 
 	if len(key) == 0 {
@@ -176,47 +392,84 @@ func (v *Validate) structRecursive(top interface{}, current interface{}, s inter
 	}
 
 	structType := reflect.TypeOf(s)
-	structName := structType.Name()
 
-	validationErrors := &StructErrors{
-		Struct:       structName,
-		Errors:       map[string]*FieldError{},
-		StructErrors: map[string]*StructErrors{},
+	var structName string
+	var numFields int
+	var cs *cachedStruct
+	var isCached bool
+
+	cs, isCached = structCache.Get(structType)
+
+	if isCached {
+		structName = cs.name
+		numFields = cs.children
+	} else {
+		structName = structType.Name()
+		numFields = structValue.NumField()
+		cs = &cachedStruct{name: structName, children: numFields}
 	}
 
-	var numFields = structValue.NumField()
+	validationErrors := structPool.Get().(*StructErrors)
+	validationErrors.Struct = structName
 
 	for i := 0; i < numFields; i++ {
 
-		valueField := structValue.Field(i)
-		typeField := structType.Field(i)
+		var valueField reflect.Value
+		var cField *cachedField
+		var typeField reflect.StructField
 
-		if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
-			valueField = valueField.Elem()
-		}
+		if isCached {
+			cField = cs.fields[i]
+			valueField = structValue.Field(cField.index)
 
-		tag := typeField.Tag.Get(v.tagName)
+			if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
+				valueField = valueField.Elem()
+			}
+		} else {
+			valueField = structValue.Field(i)
 
-		if tag == noValidationTag {
-			continue
-		}
+			if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
+				valueField = valueField.Elem()
+			}
 
-		// if no validation and not a struct (which may containt fields for validation)
-		if tag == "" && ((valueField.Kind() != reflect.Struct && valueField.Kind() != reflect.Interface) || valueField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})) {
-			continue
-		}
+			typeField = structType.Field(i)
 
-		switch valueField.Kind() {
+			cField = &cachedField{index: i, tag: typeField.Tag.Get(v.tagName), isTime: (valueField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) || valueField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{}))}
 
-		case reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface:
-
-			if !unicode.IsUpper(rune(typeField.Name[0])) {
+			if cField.tag == noValidationTag {
+				cs.children--
 				continue
 			}
 
-			if valueField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) {
+			// if no validation and not a struct (which may containt fields for validation)
+			if cField.tag == "" && ((valueField.Kind() != reflect.Struct && valueField.Kind() != reflect.Interface) || valueField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})) {
+				cs.children--
+				continue
+			}
 
-				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), typeField.Name, tag); fieldError != nil {
+			cField.name = typeField.Name
+			cField.kind = valueField.Kind()
+			cField.typ = valueField.Type()
+		}
+
+		// this can happen if the first cache value was nil
+		// but the second actually has a value
+		if cField.kind == reflect.Ptr {
+			cField.kind = valueField.Kind()
+		}
+
+		switch cField.kind {
+
+		case reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface:
+
+			if !unicode.IsUpper(rune(cField.name[0])) {
+				cs.children--
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if cField.isTime {
+
+				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), cField.tag, cField.name, false, cField); fieldError != nil {
 					validationErrors.Errors[fieldError.Field] = fieldError
 					// free up memory reference
 					fieldError = nil
@@ -224,28 +477,116 @@ func (v *Validate) structRecursive(top interface{}, current interface{}, s inter
 
 			} else {
 
-				if strings.Contains(tag, structOnlyTag) {
+				if strings.Contains(cField.tag, structOnlyTag) {
+					cs.children--
 					continue
 				}
 
+				if (valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || cField.kind == reflect.Interface) && valueField.IsNil() {
+
+					if strings.Contains(cField.tag, omitempty) {
+						goto CACHEFIELD
+					}
+
+					tags := strings.Split(cField.tag, tagSeparator)
+
+					if len(tags) > 0 {
+
+						var param string
+						vals := strings.SplitN(tags[0], tagKeySeparator, 2)
+
+						if len(vals) > 1 {
+							param = vals[1]
+						}
+
+						validationErrors.Errors[cField.name] = &FieldError{
+							Field: cField.name,
+							Tag:   vals[0],
+							Param: param,
+							Value: valueField.Interface(),
+							Kind:  valueField.Kind(),
+							Type:  valueField.Type(),
+						}
+
+						goto CACHEFIELD
+					}
+				}
+
+				// if we get here, the field is interface and could be a struct or a field
+				// and we need to check the inner type and validate
+				if cField.kind == reflect.Interface {
+
+					valueField = valueField.Elem()
+
+					if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
+						valueField = valueField.Elem()
+					}
+
+					if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+						goto VALIDATESTRUCT
+					}
+
+					// sending nil for cField as it was type interface and could be anything
+					// each time and so must be calculated each time and can't be cached reliably
+					if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), cField.tag, cField.name, false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+						validationErrors.Errors[fieldError.Field] = fieldError
+						// free up memory reference
+						fieldError = nil
+					}
+
+					goto CACHEFIELD
+				}
+
+			VALIDATESTRUCT:
 				if structErrors := v.structRecursive(top, valueField.Interface(), valueField.Interface()); structErrors != nil {
-					validationErrors.StructErrors[typeField.Name] = structErrors
+					validationErrors.StructErrors[cField.name] = structErrors
 					// free up memory map no longer needed
 					structErrors = nil
 				}
 			}
 
-		default:
+		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+			cField.isSliceOrArray = true
+			cField.sliceSubtype = cField.typ.Elem()
+			cField.isTimeSubtype = (cField.sliceSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) || cField.sliceSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{}))
+			cField.sliceSubKind = cField.sliceSubtype.Kind()
 
-			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), typeField.Name, tag); fieldError != nil {
+			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), cField.tag, cField.name, false, cField); fieldError != nil {
+				validationErrors.Errors[fieldError.Field] = fieldError
+				// free up memory reference
+				fieldError = nil
+			}
+
+		case reflect.Map:
+			cField.isMap = true
+			cField.mapSubtype = cField.typ.Elem()
+			cField.isTimeSubtype = (cField.mapSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) || cField.mapSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{}))
+			cField.mapSubKind = cField.mapSubtype.Kind()
+
+			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), cField.tag, cField.name, false, cField); fieldError != nil {
+				validationErrors.Errors[fieldError.Field] = fieldError
+				// free up memory reference
+				fieldError = nil
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(top, current, valueField.Interface(), cField.tag, cField.name, false, cField); fieldError != nil {
 				validationErrors.Errors[fieldError.Field] = fieldError
 				// free up memory reference
 				fieldError = nil
 			}
 		}
+
+	CACHEFIELD:
+		if !isCached {
+			cs.fields = append(cs.fields, cField)
+		}
 	}
 
+	structCache.Set(structType, cs)
+
 	if len(validationErrors.Errors) == 0 && len(validationErrors.StructErrors) == 0 {
+		structPool.Put(validationErrors)
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -254,20 +595,22 @@ func (v *Validate) structRecursive(top interface{}, current interface{}, s inter
 
 // Field allows validation of a single field, still using tag style validation to check multiple errors
 func (v *Validate) Field(f interface{}, tag string) *FieldError {
-
 	return v.FieldWithValue(nil, f, tag)
 }
 
 // FieldWithValue allows validation of a single field, possibly even against another fields value, still using tag style validation to check multiple errors
 func (v *Validate) FieldWithValue(val interface{}, f interface{}, tag string) *FieldError {
-
-	return v.fieldWithNameAndValue(nil, val, f, "", tag)
+	return v.fieldWithNameAndValue(nil, val, f, tag, "", true, nil)
 }
 
-func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndValue(val interface{}, current interface{}, f interface{}, name string, tag string) *FieldError {
+func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndValue(val interface{}, current interface{}, f interface{}, tag string, name string, isSingleField bool, cacheField *cachedField) *FieldError {
+
+	var cField *cachedField
+	var isCached bool
+	var valueField reflect.Value
 
 	// This is a double check if coming from validate.Struct but need to be here in case function is called directly
-	if tag == noValidationTag {
+	if tag == noValidationTag || tag == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -275,87 +618,357 @@ func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndValue(val interface{}, current interface{}, f
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	valueField := reflect.ValueOf(f)
-	fieldKind := valueField.Kind()
+	valueField = reflect.ValueOf(f)
 
-	if fieldKind == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
-		return v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, valueField.Elem().Interface(), name, tag)
+	if cacheField == nil {
+
+		if valueField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !valueField.IsNil() {
+			valueField = valueField.Elem()
+			f = valueField.Interface()
+		}
+
+		cField = &cachedField{name: name, kind: valueField.Kind(), tag: tag, typ: valueField.Type()}
+
+		switch cField.kind {
+		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+			isSingleField = false // cached tags mean nothing because it will be split up while diving
+			cField.isSliceOrArray = true
+			cField.sliceSubtype = cField.typ.Elem()
+			cField.isTimeSubtype = (cField.sliceSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) || cField.sliceSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{}))
+			cField.sliceSubKind = cField.sliceSubtype.Kind()
+		case reflect.Map:
+			isSingleField = false // cached tags mean nothing because it will be split up while diving
+			cField.isMap = true
+			cField.mapSubtype = cField.typ.Elem()
+			cField.isTimeSubtype = (cField.mapSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) || cField.mapSubtype == reflect.TypeOf(&time.Time{}))
+			cField.mapSubKind = cField.mapSubtype.Kind()
+		}
+	} else {
+		cField = cacheField
 	}
 
-	fieldType := valueField.Type()
-
-	switch fieldKind {
+	switch cField.kind {
 
 	case reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface, reflect.Invalid:
 
-		if fieldType != reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) {
-			panic("Invalid field passed to ValidateFieldWithTag")
+		if cField.typ != reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) {
+			panic("Invalid field passed to fieldWithNameAndValue")
 		}
 	}
 
-	var valErr *FieldError
+	if len(cField.tags) == 0 {
+
+		if isSingleField {
+			cField.tags, isCached = fieldsCache.Get(tag)
+		}
+
+		if !isCached {
+
+			for _, t := range strings.Split(tag, tagSeparator) {
+
+				if t == diveTag {
+
+					cField.dive = true
+					cField.diveTag = strings.TrimLeft(strings.SplitN(tag, diveTag, 2)[1], ",")
+					break
+				}
+
+				orVals := strings.Split(t, orSeparator)
+				cTag := &cachedTags{isOrVal: len(orVals) > 1, keyVals: make([][]string, len(orVals))}
+				cField.tags = append(cField.tags, cTag)
+
+				for i, val := range orVals {
+					vals := strings.SplitN(val, tagKeySeparator, 2)
+
+					key := strings.TrimSpace(vals[0])
+
+					if len(key) == 0 {
+						panic(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid validation tag on field %s", name))
+					}
+
+					param := ""
+					if len(vals) > 1 {
+						param = strings.Replace(vals[1], utf8HexComma, ",", -1)
+					}
+
+					cTag.keyVals[i] = []string{key, param}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if isSingleField {
+				fieldsCache.Set(cField.tag, cField.tags)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var fieldErr *FieldError
 	var err error
-	valTags := strings.Split(tag, tagSeparator)
 
-	for _, valTag := range valTags {
+	for _, cTag := range cField.tags {
 
-		orVals := strings.Split(valTag, orSeparator)
-
-		if len(orVals) > 1 {
+		if cTag.isOrVal {
 
 			errTag := ""
 
-			for _, val := range orVals {
+			for _, val := range cTag.keyVals {
 
-				valErr, err = v.fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val, current, f, name, val)
+				fieldErr, err = v.fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val, current, f, val[0], val[1], name)
 
 				if err == nil {
 					return nil
 				}
 
-				errTag += orSeparator + valErr.Tag
-
+				errTag += orSeparator + fieldErr.Tag
 			}
 
 			errTag = strings.TrimLeft(errTag, orSeparator)
 
-			valErr.Tag = errTag
-			valErr.Kind = fieldKind
+			fieldErr.Tag = errTag
+			fieldErr.Kind = cField.kind
+			fieldErr.Type = cField.typ
 
-			return valErr
+			return fieldErr
 		}
 
-		if valErr, err = v.fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val, current, f, name, valTag); err != nil {
+		if fieldErr, err = v.fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val, current, f, cTag.keyVals[0][0], cTag.keyVals[0][1], name); err != nil {
 
-			valErr.Kind = valueField.Kind()
-			valErr.Type = fieldType
+			fieldErr.Kind = cField.kind
+			fieldErr.Type = cField.typ
 
-			return valErr
+			return fieldErr
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cField.dive {
+
+		if cField.isSliceOrArray {
+
+			if errs := v.traverseSliceOrArray(val, current, valueField, cField); errs != nil && len(errs) > 0 {
+
+				return &FieldError{
+					Field:            cField.name,
+					Kind:             cField.kind,
+					Type:             cField.typ,
+					Value:            f,
+					IsPlaceholderErr: true,
+					IsSliceOrArray:   true,
+					SliceOrArrayErrs: errs,
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else if cField.isMap {
+			if errs := v.traverseMap(val, current, valueField, cField); errs != nil && len(errs) > 0 {
+
+				return &FieldError{
+					Field:            cField.name,
+					Kind:             cField.kind,
+					Type:             cField.typ,
+					Value:            f,
+					IsPlaceholderErr: true,
+					IsMap:            true,
+					MapErrs:          errs,
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// throw error, if not a slice or map then should not have gotten here
+			panic("dive error! can't dive on a non slice or map")
 		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val interface{}, current interface{}, f interface{}, name string, valTag string) (*FieldError, error) {
+func (v *Validate) traverseMap(val interface{}, current interface{}, valueField reflect.Value, cField *cachedField) map[interface{}]error {
 
-	vals := strings.Split(valTag, tagKeySeparator)
-	key := strings.TrimSpace(vals[0])
+	errs := map[interface{}]error{}
 
-	if len(key) == 0 {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid validation tag on field %s", name))
+	for _, key := range valueField.MapKeys() {
+
+		idxField := valueField.MapIndex(key)
+
+		if cField.mapSubKind == reflect.Ptr && !idxField.IsNil() {
+			idxField = idxField.Elem()
+			cField.mapSubKind = idxField.Kind()
+		}
+
+		switch cField.mapSubKind {
+		case reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface:
+
+			if cField.isTimeSubtype {
+
+				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(mapIndexFieldName, cField.name, key.Interface()), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+					errs[key.Interface()] = fieldError
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if (idxField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || idxField.Kind() == reflect.Interface) && idxField.IsNil() {
+
+				if strings.Contains(cField.diveTag, omitempty) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				tags := strings.Split(cField.diveTag, tagSeparator)
+
+				if len(tags) > 0 {
+
+					var param string
+					vals := strings.SplitN(tags[0], tagKeySeparator, 2)
+
+					if len(vals) > 1 {
+						param = vals[1]
+					}
+
+					errs[key.Interface()] = &FieldError{
+						Field: fmt.Sprintf(mapIndexFieldName, cField.name, key.Interface()),
+						Tag:   vals[0],
+						Param: param,
+						Value: idxField.Interface(),
+						Kind:  idxField.Kind(),
+						Type:  cField.mapSubtype,
+					}
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// if we get here, the field is interface and could be a struct or a field
+			// and we need to check the inner type and validate
+			if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+
+				idxField = idxField.Elem()
+
+				if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !idxField.IsNil() {
+					idxField = idxField.Elem()
+				}
+
+				if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+					goto VALIDATESTRUCT
+				}
+
+				// sending nil for cField as it was type interface and could be anything
+				// each time and so must be calculated each time and can't be cached reliably
+				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(mapIndexFieldName, cField.name, key.Interface()), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+					errs[key.Interface()] = fieldError
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+		VALIDATESTRUCT:
+			if structErrors := v.structRecursive(val, current, idxField.Interface()); structErrors != nil {
+				errs[key.Interface()] = structErrors
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(mapIndexFieldName, cField.name, key.Interface()), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+				errs[key.Interface()] = fieldError
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	valErr := &FieldError{
-		Field: name,
-		Tag:   key,
-		Value: f,
-		Param: "",
+	return errs
+}
+
+func (v *Validate) traverseSliceOrArray(val interface{}, current interface{}, valueField reflect.Value, cField *cachedField) map[int]error {
+
+	errs := map[int]error{}
+
+	for i := 0; i < valueField.Len(); i++ {
+
+		idxField := valueField.Index(i)
+
+		if cField.sliceSubKind == reflect.Ptr && !idxField.IsNil() {
+			idxField = idxField.Elem()
+			cField.sliceSubKind = idxField.Kind()
+		}
+
+		switch cField.sliceSubKind {
+		case reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface:
+
+			if cField.isTimeSubtype {
+
+				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(arrayIndexFieldName, cField.name, i), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+					errs[i] = fieldError
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if (idxField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || idxField.Kind() == reflect.Interface) && idxField.IsNil() {
+
+				if strings.Contains(cField.diveTag, omitempty) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				tags := strings.Split(cField.diveTag, tagSeparator)
+
+				if len(tags) > 0 {
+
+					var param string
+					vals := strings.SplitN(tags[0], tagKeySeparator, 2)
+
+					if len(vals) > 1 {
+						param = vals[1]
+					}
+
+					errs[i] = &FieldError{
+						Field: fmt.Sprintf(arrayIndexFieldName, cField.name, i),
+						Tag:   vals[0],
+						Param: param,
+						Value: idxField.Interface(),
+						Kind:  idxField.Kind(),
+						Type:  cField.sliceSubtype,
+					}
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// if we get here, the field is interface and could be a struct or a field
+			// and we need to check the inner type and validate
+			if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+
+				idxField = idxField.Elem()
+
+				if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !idxField.IsNil() {
+					idxField = idxField.Elem()
+				}
+
+				if idxField.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+					goto VALIDATESTRUCT
+				}
+
+				// sending nil for cField as it was type interface and could be anything
+				// each time and so must be calculated each time and can't be cached reliably
+				if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(arrayIndexFieldName, cField.name, i), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+					errs[i] = fieldError
+				}
+
+				continue
+			}
+
+		VALIDATESTRUCT:
+			if structErrors := v.structRecursive(val, current, idxField.Interface()); structErrors != nil {
+				errs[i] = structErrors
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if fieldError := v.fieldWithNameAndValue(val, current, idxField.Interface(), cField.diveTag, fmt.Sprintf(arrayIndexFieldName, cField.name, i), false, nil); fieldError != nil {
+				errs[i] = fieldError
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
+	return errs
+}
+
+func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val interface{}, current interface{}, f interface{}, key string, param string, name string) (*FieldError, error) {
+
 	// OK to continue because we checked it's existance before getting into this loop
 	if key == omitempty {
-		return valErr, nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	valFunc, ok := v.validationFuncs[key]
@@ -363,15 +976,14 @@ func (v *Validate) fieldWithNameAndSingleTag(val interface{}, current interface{
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Undefined validation function on field %s", name))
 	}
 
-	param := ""
-	if len(vals) > 1 {
-		param = strings.TrimSpace(vals[1])
+	if err := valFunc(val, current, f, param); err {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	if err := valFunc(val, current, f, param); !err {
-		valErr.Param = param
-		return valErr, errors.New(key)
-	}
-
-	return valErr, nil
+	return &FieldError{
+		Field: name,
+		Tag:   key,
+		Value: f,
+		Param: param,
+	}, errors.New(key)
 }